半主动激光制导导引头检测与控制电路的研制
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摘要
半主动激光制导武器半实物仿真系统不仅在激光制导武器的研究、试验、定型鉴定全过程中有重要作用，可以节约大量的研究经费和实验时间；而且在激光制导武器的作战仿真和教学训练中有重要作用。论文基于PL-2导弹红外点源导引头设计了一个半主动激光制导武器仿真导引头，研制了导引头检测与控制电路，为研制半主动激光制导武器半实物仿真系统打下了坚实的基础。
陀螺是仿真导引头中稳定、搜索和跟踪的关键部件，论文从分析PL-2导弹红外点源导引头的结构和特点出发，对其中的稳定陀螺工作机理特别是陀螺进动理论进行了详细的研究，并根据陀螺的工作机理，自行研制了一套陀螺电路，包括陀螺旋转电路、陀螺进动电路和陀螺轴位置检测电路，并得到了实验验证，效果良好。
根据半主动激光制导的机理，用四象限光电探测器替换了PL-2导引头中的单元红外探测器，将红外导引头改造成为一个工作于650nm激光的半主动激光制导导引头，研制了目标方位检测电路。目标方位检测电路包括低噪声激光探测电路和同步相关检测电路，采用同步相关检测原理提高了系统的信噪比。同时，还进行了四象限光电探测器光敏面线性特性研究工作。
光电信号的采集和陀螺的进动控制由单片机来完成。论文设计了单片机外围电路，编写了单片机程序，并由单片机控制导引头工作，实现了对激光制导光斑的搜索和视线跟踪。
论文采用锁相倍频的数字式方法控制进动信号移相，实现了对陀螺转子进动方向的方便控制，彻底解决了导引头在对目标的搜索与跟踪时进动方向控制的问题。为了在仿真演示时方便控制进动方向而引入了数字移相的办法是本论文的一大特色，对仿真导引头的研制起关键的作用。
The semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system plays an important role in the laser guidance weapons developing process, for it can save the massive developing funds and experimental time. It also plays an important role in application simulating and in training.A simulated semiactive laser guidance seeker was designed based on the PL-2 missile seeker in the paper, and that the circuit of the seeker was developed, which is the stiff foundation of developing the semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system.
The gyroscope is the key device for stabilizing, scanning and tracking in the seeker. The work mechanism of the gyroscope and especially the precession theory in the seeker is illustrated detailedly through analyzing the PL-2 missile seeker's structure. The gyroscope electric circuit, including the gyroscope's rotary circuit,the gyroscope's precessional circuit and the gyro shaft position detecting circuit, was designed according to the gyroscope's work mechanism. The gyroscope electric circuit was fully tested and worked well.
The target-detecting circuit was designed and the infrared photo detecting element in the PL-2 missile s eeker was r eplaced with a four-quadrant photo detector, therefor, the simulated seeker can work with the 650nm laser. A low noise photoelectric circuit was designed to detect the guiding laser pulse signal, and in order to enhance the system signal to noise ratio, a correlated synchronal detecting scheme was introduced. Some research work was done to identify the linearity characteristic of four-quadrant photo detector.
A MCU was used to acquire the photo detector data. The periphery circuit of MCU and the MCU program was designed. The MCU controls the gyroscope. Searching and tracking of the guiding laser facula was achieved.
In the paper, controlling the phase-shift of precession signal with the method of digtal phase-locked frequency multiplication and the conveniently controlling direction of the gyroscope precession was realized. The problem of controlling direction of the gyroscope precession while searching and tracking of the target was completely solved. Using the digtal phase-shift in order to control the direction of precession conveniently is innovative, which play a key part in the developing simulation seeker.
陀螺是仿真导引头中稳定、搜索和跟踪的关键部件，论文从分析PL-2导弹红外点源导引头的结构和特点出发，对其中的稳定陀螺工作机理特别是陀螺进动理论进行了详细的研究，并根据陀螺的工作机理，自行研制了一套陀螺电路，包括陀螺旋转电路、陀螺进动电路和陀螺轴位置检测电路，并得到了实验验证，效果良好。
根据半主动激光制导的机理，用四象限光电探测器替换了PL-2导引头中的单元红外探测器，将红外导引头改造成为一个工作于650nm激光的半主动激光制导导引头，研制了目标方位检测电路。目标方位检测电路包括低噪声激光探测电路和同步相关检测电路，采用同步相关检测原理提高了系统的信噪比。同时，还进行了四象限光电探测器光敏面线性特性研究工作。
光电信号的采集和陀螺的进动控制由单片机来完成。论文设计了单片机外围电路，编写了单片机程序，并由单片机控制导引头工作，实现了对激光制导光斑的搜索和视线跟踪。
论文采用锁相倍频的数字式方法控制进动信号移相，实现了对陀螺转子进动方向的方便控制，彻底解决了导引头在对目标的搜索与跟踪时进动方向控制的问题。为了在仿真演示时方便控制进动方向而引入了数字移相的办法是本论文的一大特色，对仿真导引头的研制起关键的作用。
The semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system plays an important role in the laser guidance weapons developing process, for it can save the massive developing funds and experimental time. It also plays an important role in application simulating and in training.A simulated semiactive laser guidance seeker was designed based on the PL-2 missile seeker in the paper, and that the circuit of the seeker was developed, which is the stiff foundation of developing the semiactive laser guidance weapon simulation system.
The gyroscope is the key device for stabilizing, scanning and tracking in the seeker. The work mechanism of the gyroscope and especially the precession theory in the seeker is illustrated detailedly through analyzing the PL-2 missile seeker's structure. The gyroscope electric circuit, including the gyroscope's rotary circuit,the gyroscope's precessional circuit and the gyro shaft position detecting circuit, was designed according to the gyroscope's work mechanism. The gyroscope electric circuit was fully tested and worked well.
The target-detecting circuit was designed and the infrared photo detecting element in the PL-2 missile s eeker was r eplaced with a four-quadrant photo detector, therefor, the simulated seeker can work with the 650nm laser. A low noise photoelectric circuit was designed to detect the guiding laser pulse signal, and in order to enhance the system signal to noise ratio, a correlated synchronal detecting scheme was introduced. Some research work was done to identify the linearity characteristic of four-quadrant photo detector.
A MCU was used to acquire the photo detector data. The periphery circuit of MCU and the MCU program was designed. The MCU controls the gyroscope. Searching and tracking of the guiding laser facula was achieved.
In the paper, controlling the phase-shift of precession signal with the method of digtal phase-locked frequency multiplication and the conveniently controlling direction of the gyroscope precession was realized. The problem of controlling direction of the gyroscope precession while searching and tracking of the target was completely solved. Using the digtal phase-shift in order to control the direction of precession conveniently is innovative, which play a key part in the developing simulation seeker.
引文
[1] 李日忠．半主动激光制导武器仿真系统仿真导引头的研制[D]．长沙：国防科学技术大学研究生院学位论文，2004．5
[2] 郭修煌．精确制导技术[M]．国防工业出版社，1999
[3] 娄寿春．导弹制导技术[M]．宇航出版社，1989
[4] 邓仁亮．光学制导技术[M]．国防工业出版社，1992
[5] 杨宜禾，岳敏，周维真．红外系统 (第2版) [M]．国防工业出版社，1995
[6] 高稚允，高岳，张开华．军用光电系统[M]．北京理工大学出版社，1996
[7] 刘延柱．陀螺力学[M]．科学出版社，1986
[8] PL-2自动导引式航空导弹技术说明书．331厂
[9] 康华光，陈大钦．电子技术基础 (模拟部分，第四版) [M]，高等教育出版社，1998
[10] 黄晨武编译．最新集成电路应用大全[M]．北京希望电脑公司，1991．10
[11] 邹立华 赵巍 基于单片机控制的数字移相器设计[J]，自动化与仪器仪表。2003年第3期,46～49
[12] 邹逢兴．计算机硬件技术及应用[M]．国防科大出版社，1996．12．20
[13] 薛钧义，武自芳．微机控制系统及其应用[M]．西安交通大学出版社，2003
[14] 童长飞．C8051F 系列单片机开发与 C 语言编程[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社，2005
[15] 马忠梅，籍顺心，张凯，马岩．单片机的 C 语言应用程序设计[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[16] 张广发．电路噪声的计算和测量[M]．国防科技大学，1997
[17] 张广发．锁定放大器及其应用[M]．国防科技大学，1997
[18] 施德恒，熊水英．激光半主动寻的制导导弹发展综述[J]．红外技术，2000，22
[19] 王东木．导弹控制系统仿真技术[J]．系统仿真学报，2001，13(1)
[20] 王林涛，李开成，张健梅．低噪声光电检测电路的设计和噪声估算[J]．武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版，2001，23(3)
[21] 王军，戴逸松．低噪声前放中集成运放电路的 En-In 噪声性能分析[J]．仪器仪表学报，1998，4
[22] GT111 四象限光电探测器资料．中国电子工业集团公司第四十四所
[23] C8051F120/130 datasheet. Silicon Laboratories.
[24] OPA548 datasheet. Burr Brown.
[25] CD4066BCM datasheet. Fairchild Semiconductor.
[26] MAX3232 datasheet. Maxim.
[27] LMH6503 datasheet. National Semiconductor.
[28] HEF4046B datasheet. Philips semiconductors.
[29] WANG Bo,GAO Hong-min,HAO Ai-fang,DONG Ming-jie.Target Seeker Gyro and Controls[J].Journal of Beijing Institude of Technology,2002,Vol. 11,NO. 1[30] APEX Microtechnology.APPLICATION NOTE1.
[31] 赵凯华，陈熙谋．电磁学 (第二版) [M]．高等教育出版社，1985，6
[2] 郭修煌．精确制导技术[M]．国防工业出版社，1999
[3] 娄寿春．导弹制导技术[M]．宇航出版社，1989
[4] 邓仁亮．光学制导技术[M]．国防工业出版社，1992
[5] 杨宜禾，岳敏，周维真．红外系统 (第2版) [M]．国防工业出版社，1995
[6] 高稚允，高岳，张开华．军用光电系统[M]．北京理工大学出版社，1996
[7] 刘延柱．陀螺力学[M]．科学出版社，1986
[8] PL-2自动导引式航空导弹技术说明书．331厂
[9] 康华光，陈大钦．电子技术基础 (模拟部分，第四版) [M]，高等教育出版社，1998
[10] 黄晨武编译．最新集成电路应用大全[M]．北京希望电脑公司，1991．10
[11] 邹立华 赵巍 基于单片机控制的数字移相器设计[J]，自动化与仪器仪表。2003年第3期,46～49
[12] 邹逢兴．计算机硬件技术及应用[M]．国防科大出版社，1996．12．20
[13] 薛钧义，武自芳．微机控制系统及其应用[M]．西安交通大学出版社，2003
[14] 童长飞．C8051F 系列单片机开发与 C 语言编程[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社，2005
[15] 马忠梅，籍顺心，张凯，马岩．单片机的 C 语言应用程序设计[M]．北京航空航天大学出版社，2003
[16] 张广发．电路噪声的计算和测量[M]．国防科技大学，1997
[17] 张广发．锁定放大器及其应用[M]．国防科技大学，1997
[18] 施德恒，熊水英．激光半主动寻的制导导弹发展综述[J]．红外技术，2000，22
[19] 王东木．导弹控制系统仿真技术[J]．系统仿真学报，2001，13(1)
[20] 王林涛，李开成，张健梅．低噪声光电检测电路的设计和噪声估算[J]．武汉理工大学学报·信息与管理工程版，2001，23(3)
[21] 王军，戴逸松．低噪声前放中集成运放电路的 En-In 噪声性能分析[J]．仪器仪表学报，1998，4
[22] GT111 四象限光电探测器资料．中国电子工业集团公司第四十四所
[23] C8051F120/130 datasheet. Silicon Laboratories.
[24] OPA548 datasheet. Burr Brown.
[25] CD4066BCM datasheet. Fairchild Semiconductor.
[26] MAX3232 datasheet. Maxim.
[27] LMH6503 datasheet. National Semiconductor.
[28] HEF4046B datasheet. Philips semiconductors.
[29] WANG Bo,GAO Hong-min,HAO Ai-fang,DONG Ming-jie.Target Seeker Gyro and Controls[J].Journal of Beijing Institude of Technology,2002,Vol. 11,NO. 1[30] APEX Microtechnology.APPLICATION NOTE1.
[31] 赵凯华，陈熙谋．电磁学 (第二版) [M]．高等教育出版社，1985，6