频率合成技术及其在遥测仿真组合中的应用研究
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摘要
本文以某测通公司研究生产的“红九”系统中遥测仿真组合子系统为背景，对其中的数字中频调制器的研究开发进行探讨，主要任务是研究如何用直接数字合成技术进行高速数字中频调制器的设计与实现、并提出了研发过程中所出现的问题的解决方案。
首先，对遥测遥控系统的基本概念作了介绍；在此基础上，对遥测遥控系统共有部分——信息传输部分进行了讨论；对研发遥测仿真组合系统的中频调制器所用到的角度调制作了介绍，它也是无线遥测遥控系统信息传输的一个重要组成部分；对遥测遥控系统的组成及其功用作了一定的概述。
其次，介绍了频率合成技术。讨论了直接式频率技术、锁相式频率合成技术、数字式频率合成技术、直接数字频率合成技术等几种基本频率合成技术，给出的衡量频率合成技术的各种性能指标，并对全数字频率合成技术作了较详细的讨论。
其次，对遥测仿真组合子系统中的数字中频调制器的设计作了分析。给出了系统设计的过程与整个遥测仿真子系统的系统框图。在分析了中频调制器所要求的性能指标的基础上，对数字中频调制器进行了工程设计分析，包括AGC电路设计、DDS方案选择等。
再次，对遥测仿真组合子系统中的数字中频调制器的实现进行讨论。先对DDS器件AD9854进行了介绍，在此基础上，讨论数字中频调制器的硬件实现与软件实现过程，如AGC电路、数字倍频电路、DDS电路等电路的实现过程和调制状态流程。
然后，对遥测仿真组合子系统中的数字中频调制器的实现过程中所出现的问题作了分析及给出了其解决方案。
最后，对本文的工作进行了总结讨论，并提出了作者在这方面的工作需要提高的部分问题。
This Dissertation use rebuild of Combined Telemeter System, which is the Subsystem of the RED-NINE system developed by the Aerospace Measure and Telecommunication Incorporated Company, as background, study and discuss Frequency Synthesize Technology. The mostly task is to study how to use the Direct Digital Synthesis technology to design and realize the high speed digital mid-frequency modulator, and give the answers of the problems which emerge in the development.
Firstly, introduce the basic conception of the telemeter and the telecontrol system; discuss the common department of the telemeter and the telecontrol system, and the angle modulation used by it; summarize the structure and function of the telemeter and telecontrol.
Secondly, introduce the frequency synthesis technology. It discusses some kinds of basic frequency synthesis technology such as direct, phase-lock, digital and direct digital frequency synthesis, then give the performance index of the frequency synthesis, and discusses the digital frequency synthesis technology in detail.
Thirdly, give the way to how to design the digital mid-frequency modulator, discuss the design process of the system, and give the block diagram of it. It analyze the performance index of the mid-frequency modulator firstly, abased this, analyze the design of it, which include the AGC circuit、DDS circuit、and so on.
Fourthly, discuss how to realize the digital mid-frequency modulator. At the start, introduce the AD9854, which is a DDS chirp, and then, discuss the realization process of the hardware and software of the system, such as realization of the AGC circuit, DDS circuit, state flow, and so on.
Afterward, analyze the problems emerged in the debugging, and then to get out the way to disposal them.
Finally, summarize this text, then put forward something that author ought to enhance.
首先，对遥测遥控系统的基本概念作了介绍；在此基础上，对遥测遥控系统共有部分——信息传输部分进行了讨论；对研发遥测仿真组合系统的中频调制器所用到的角度调制作了介绍，它也是无线遥测遥控系统信息传输的一个重要组成部分；对遥测遥控系统的组成及其功用作了一定的概述。
其次，介绍了频率合成技术。讨论了直接式频率技术、锁相式频率合成技术、数字式频率合成技术、直接数字频率合成技术等几种基本频率合成技术，给出的衡量频率合成技术的各种性能指标，并对全数字频率合成技术作了较详细的讨论。
其次，对遥测仿真组合子系统中的数字中频调制器的设计作了分析。给出了系统设计的过程与整个遥测仿真子系统的系统框图。在分析了中频调制器所要求的性能指标的基础上，对数字中频调制器进行了工程设计分析，包括AGC电路设计、DDS方案选择等。
再次，对遥测仿真组合子系统中的数字中频调制器的实现进行讨论。先对DDS器件AD9854进行了介绍，在此基础上，讨论数字中频调制器的硬件实现与软件实现过程，如AGC电路、数字倍频电路、DDS电路等电路的实现过程和调制状态流程。
然后，对遥测仿真组合子系统中的数字中频调制器的实现过程中所出现的问题作了分析及给出了其解决方案。
最后，对本文的工作进行了总结讨论，并提出了作者在这方面的工作需要提高的部分问题。
This Dissertation use rebuild of Combined Telemeter System, which is the Subsystem of the RED-NINE system developed by the Aerospace Measure and Telecommunication Incorporated Company, as background, study and discuss Frequency Synthesize Technology. The mostly task is to study how to use the Direct Digital Synthesis technology to design and realize the high speed digital mid-frequency modulator, and give the answers of the problems which emerge in the development.
Firstly, introduce the basic conception of the telemeter and the telecontrol system; discuss the common department of the telemeter and the telecontrol system, and the angle modulation used by it; summarize the structure and function of the telemeter and telecontrol.
Secondly, introduce the frequency synthesis technology. It discusses some kinds of basic frequency synthesis technology such as direct, phase-lock, digital and direct digital frequency synthesis, then give the performance index of the frequency synthesis, and discusses the digital frequency synthesis technology in detail.
Thirdly, give the way to how to design the digital mid-frequency modulator, discuss the design process of the system, and give the block diagram of it. It analyze the performance index of the mid-frequency modulator firstly, abased this, analyze the design of it, which include the AGC circuit、DDS circuit、and so on.
Fourthly, discuss how to realize the digital mid-frequency modulator. At the start, introduce the AD9854, which is a DDS chirp, and then, discuss the realization process of the hardware and software of the system, such as realization of the AGC circuit, DDS circuit, state flow, and so on.
Afterward, analyze the problems emerged in the debugging, and then to get out the way to disposal them.
Finally, summarize this text, then put forward something that author ought to enhance.
引文
[1] 刘蕴才等，无线电遥测遥控（上），北京，国防工业出版社，2001
[2] 刘蕴才等，无线电遥测遥控（下），北京，国防工业出版社，2001
[3] 欧阳长月，遥测遥控原理，北京，电子工业出版社，1985
[4] 王仲文，工程遥测遥控技术，北京，机械工业出版社，1991
[5] 白居宪，低噪声频率合成，西安，西安交通大学出版社，1995
[6] 郑燕诒，频率合成，北京，科学出版社，1982
[7] 张有正，陆岗勤，周正中，频率合成技术，北京，人民邮电出版社，1984
[8] 张厥盛，张会宁，邢静，锁相环频率合成器，北京，电子工业出版社，1997
[9] 庄卉，黄苏华，袁国春，锁相与频率合成技术，北京，气象出版社，1996
[10] 恽小华，电子学报，现代频率合成技术综述，Vol.23，No.10
[11] 沙贤助，张忠琴，频率合成技术的发展及应用，松辽学报（自然科学版），1997.3
[12] 万天才，频率合成器技术及发展，电子产品世界，1999.9
[13] 魏津，箭上无线电遥测传输设备的发展与展望，导弹与航天运载技术，1994，Vol.207，No.1
[14] 史长捷，对今后我国航天遥测技术发展的探讨，遥测测控，1995.6
[15] 史长捷，美国近期遥测技术发展分析（第一部分），遥测测控，1994.6
[16] 史长捷，美国近期遥测技术发展分析（第二部分），遥测测控，1994.4
[17] 郑铭，宋鹏，遥测技术的现状与发展，测控技术，1995，Vol.14，No.2
[18] 刘彤，DDS/PLL频率合成在卫星数据通信中的应用，微波与卫星通信，1999.4
[19] 杨国渝，粟显义，电子科技大学学报，采用DDS+PLL技术实现Ｓ波段频率合成的一种方法，Vol.28，No.4，Aug.1999
[20] 任获荣，王家礼，赵永久，利用DDS/PLL实现微波频率合成器，现代电子技术，1999
[21] 一种DDSPLL混合型高分辨率频率合成器，王建新，刘国岁，朱伟强，电子测量与仪器学报，1999，Vol.13，No.4
[22] 邵雅文，王军，张加深，组合式频率合成器在HDTV接收机中的应用，指挥技术学院学报，1998，Vol.9，No.3
[23] 郭德淳，费元春，电讯技术，高性能DDS芯片-AD9852的应用研究，2001.4
[24] 李跃峰，AD9852的应用，火控雷达技术，2000.12
[25] 刘军华，范汉强，直接数字合成的两种方法，雷达与对抗，2001.4
王秋生，王祁，孙圣和，直接数字合成调频信号的研究，仪器仪表学报，2000，
[26] Vol.21，No.4
[27] 李涛，高德远，DDS直接数字合成研究及其CPLD实现，计算机工程与应用，2000.12
[28] 蒋斌贝，蒋瑜，陶红艳，李鲠颖，用于核磁共振的直接数字合成频率源，波谱学杂志，Vol.18，No.4，Dec.2001
[29] Colloquium on Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis，Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (Digest No: 1991/172), IEE Colloquium on , 19 Nov 1991，p0-2
[30] Grayver, E.; Daneshrad, B.; Direct digital frequency synthesis using a modified CORDIC，Circuits and Systems, 1998. ISCAS '98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on , Volume: 5 , 31 May-3 Jun 1998，vol.5 p241-244
[31] Calbaza, D.E.; Savaria, Y.; Direct digital frequency synthesis of low-jitter clocks， Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2000. CICC. Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 , 2000，p31-34
[32] Fanucci, L.; Roncella, R.; Saletti, R.; Efficient sine evaluation architecture for direct digital frequency synthesis，Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2001. ICECS 2001. The 8th IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 1 , 2001，vol.1 p39-42
[33] Langlois, J.M.P.; Al-Khalili, D.; ROM size reduction with low processing cost for direct digital frequency synthesis，Communications, Computers and signal Processing, 2001. PACRIM. 2001 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on , Volume: 1 , 2001，vol.1 p287-290
[34] Creekmore, J.; Porter, S.; Bruce, J.; Blalock, B.J.; Direct digital frequency synthesis using nonlinear digital-to-analog conversion， Circuits and Systems, 2001. MWSCAS 2001. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE 2001 Midwest Symposium on , Volume: 2 , 2001，vol.2 p897-900
[35] Chang Yong Kang; Swartzlander, E.E., Jr.; An analysis of the CORDIC algorithm for direct digital frequency synthesis，Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, 2002. Proceedings. The IEEE International Conference on , 2002，p111-119
[36] Eltawil, A.M.; Daneshrad, B.; Piece-wise parabolic interpolation for direct digital frequency synthesis，Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 , 2002，p401-404
Eltawil, A.M.; Daneshrad, B.; Interpolation based direct digital frequency synthesis for wireless communications，Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2002. WCNC2002. 2002 IEEE , Volume: 1 , 17-21 Mar 2002，vol.1
[37] p73-77
[38] Chren, W.A.; RNS-based enhancements for direct digital frequency synthesis，Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 42 Issue: 8 , Aug 1995，p516-524
[39] Bellaouar, A.; O'brecht, M.S.; Fahim, A.M.; Elmasry, M.I.; Low-power direct digital frequency synthesis for wireless communications， Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 35 Issue: 3 , Mar 2000，p385-390
[40] Calbaza, D.E.; Savaria, Y.; Direct digital frequency synthesis of low-jitter clocks，Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 36 Issue: 3 , Mar 2001，p570-572
[41] Mohan, P.V.A.; On RNS-based enhancements for direct digital frequency synthesis，Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 48 Issue: 10 , Oct 2001，p988-990
[42] Eisenson, H.; Frequency Synthesis Using DDS/NCO Technology，Electro International, 1991 , 16-18 Apr 1991，p400-418
[43] Perez, M.; Fernandez, A.; A contribution to DECT in frequency synthesis and modulation using DDS，Vehicular Technology Conference, 1993 IEEE 43rd , 18-20 May 1993，p949-952
[44] AD9854，CMOS 300 MSPS Quadrature Complete-DDS，Analog Devices, Inc., 2000
[45] LTC1406，Low Power，8-Bit，20Msps，Sampling A/D Converter，LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION，1998
[46] ACEX 1K Programmable Logic Family，Altera Corporation，2000
[47] 朱麟章，蒙建波，检测理论及其应用，机械工业出版社，1997
[48] 蒙建波，梁锡昌，机械智能学，重庆出版社，1997
[2] 刘蕴才等，无线电遥测遥控（下），北京，国防工业出版社，2001
[3] 欧阳长月，遥测遥控原理，北京，电子工业出版社，1985
[4] 王仲文，工程遥测遥控技术，北京，机械工业出版社，1991
[5] 白居宪，低噪声频率合成，西安，西安交通大学出版社，1995
[6] 郑燕诒，频率合成，北京，科学出版社，1982
[7] 张有正，陆岗勤，周正中，频率合成技术，北京，人民邮电出版社，1984
[8] 张厥盛，张会宁，邢静，锁相环频率合成器，北京，电子工业出版社，1997
[9] 庄卉，黄苏华，袁国春，锁相与频率合成技术，北京，气象出版社，1996
[10] 恽小华，电子学报，现代频率合成技术综述，Vol.23，No.10
[11] 沙贤助，张忠琴，频率合成技术的发展及应用，松辽学报（自然科学版），1997.3
[12] 万天才，频率合成器技术及发展，电子产品世界，1999.9
[13] 魏津，箭上无线电遥测传输设备的发展与展望，导弹与航天运载技术，1994，Vol.207，No.1
[14] 史长捷，对今后我国航天遥测技术发展的探讨，遥测测控，1995.6
[15] 史长捷，美国近期遥测技术发展分析（第一部分），遥测测控，1994.6
[16] 史长捷，美国近期遥测技术发展分析（第二部分），遥测测控，1994.4
[17] 郑铭，宋鹏，遥测技术的现状与发展，测控技术，1995，Vol.14，No.2
[18] 刘彤，DDS/PLL频率合成在卫星数据通信中的应用，微波与卫星通信，1999.4
[19] 杨国渝，粟显义，电子科技大学学报，采用DDS+PLL技术实现Ｓ波段频率合成的一种方法，Vol.28，No.4，Aug.1999
[20] 任获荣，王家礼，赵永久，利用DDS/PLL实现微波频率合成器，现代电子技术，1999
[21] 一种DDSPLL混合型高分辨率频率合成器，王建新，刘国岁，朱伟强，电子测量与仪器学报，1999，Vol.13，No.4
[22] 邵雅文，王军，张加深，组合式频率合成器在HDTV接收机中的应用，指挥技术学院学报，1998，Vol.9，No.3
[23] 郭德淳，费元春，电讯技术，高性能DDS芯片-AD9852的应用研究，2001.4
[24] 李跃峰，AD9852的应用，火控雷达技术，2000.12
[25] 刘军华，范汉强，直接数字合成的两种方法，雷达与对抗，2001.4
王秋生，王祁，孙圣和，直接数字合成调频信号的研究，仪器仪表学报，2000，
[26] Vol.21，No.4
[27] 李涛，高德远，DDS直接数字合成研究及其CPLD实现，计算机工程与应用，2000.12
[28] 蒋斌贝，蒋瑜，陶红艳，李鲠颖，用于核磁共振的直接数字合成频率源，波谱学杂志，Vol.18，No.4，Dec.2001
[29] Colloquium on Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis，Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis (Digest No: 1991/172), IEE Colloquium on , 19 Nov 1991，p0-2
[30] Grayver, E.; Daneshrad, B.; Direct digital frequency synthesis using a modified CORDIC，Circuits and Systems, 1998. ISCAS '98. Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE International Symposium on , Volume: 5 , 31 May-3 Jun 1998，vol.5 p241-244
[31] Calbaza, D.E.; Savaria, Y.; Direct digital frequency synthesis of low-jitter clocks， Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2000. CICC. Proceedings of the IEEE 2000 , 2000，p31-34
[32] Fanucci, L.; Roncella, R.; Saletti, R.; Efficient sine evaluation architecture for direct digital frequency synthesis，Electronics, Circuits and Systems, 2001. ICECS 2001. The 8th IEEE International Conference on , Volume: 1 , 2001，vol.1 p39-42
[33] Langlois, J.M.P.; Al-Khalili, D.; ROM size reduction with low processing cost for direct digital frequency synthesis，Communications, Computers and signal Processing, 2001. PACRIM. 2001 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on , Volume: 1 , 2001，vol.1 p287-290
[34] Creekmore, J.; Porter, S.; Bruce, J.; Blalock, B.J.; Direct digital frequency synthesis using nonlinear digital-to-analog conversion， Circuits and Systems, 2001. MWSCAS 2001. Proceedings of the 44th IEEE 2001 Midwest Symposium on , Volume: 2 , 2001，vol.2 p897-900
[35] Chang Yong Kang; Swartzlander, E.E., Jr.; An analysis of the CORDIC algorithm for direct digital frequency synthesis，Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, 2002. Proceedings. The IEEE International Conference on , 2002，p111-119
[36] Eltawil, A.M.; Daneshrad, B.; Piece-wise parabolic interpolation for direct digital frequency synthesis，Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 2002. Proceedings of the IEEE 2002 , 2002，p401-404
Eltawil, A.M.; Daneshrad, B.; Interpolation based direct digital frequency synthesis for wireless communications，Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2002. WCNC2002. 2002 IEEE , Volume: 1 , 17-21 Mar 2002，vol.1
[37] p73-77
[38] Chren, W.A.; RNS-based enhancements for direct digital frequency synthesis，Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 42 Issue: 8 , Aug 1995，p516-524
[39] Bellaouar, A.; O'brecht, M.S.; Fahim, A.M.; Elmasry, M.I.; Low-power direct digital frequency synthesis for wireless communications， Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 35 Issue: 3 , Mar 2000，p385-390
[40] Calbaza, D.E.; Savaria, Y.; Direct digital frequency synthesis of low-jitter clocks，Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of , Volume: 36 Issue: 3 , Mar 2001，p570-572
[41] Mohan, P.V.A.; On RNS-based enhancements for direct digital frequency synthesis，Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , Volume: 48 Issue: 10 , Oct 2001，p988-990
[42] Eisenson, H.; Frequency Synthesis Using DDS/NCO Technology，Electro International, 1991 , 16-18 Apr 1991，p400-418
[43] Perez, M.; Fernandez, A.; A contribution to DECT in frequency synthesis and modulation using DDS，Vehicular Technology Conference, 1993 IEEE 43rd , 18-20 May 1993，p949-952
[44] AD9854，CMOS 300 MSPS Quadrature Complete-DDS，Analog Devices, Inc., 2000
[45] LTC1406，Low Power，8-Bit，20Msps，Sampling A/D Converter，LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION，1998
[46] ACEX 1K Programmable Logic Family，Altera Corporation，2000
[47] 朱麟章，蒙建波，检测理论及其应用，机械工业出版社，1997
[48] 蒙建波，梁锡昌，机械智能学，重庆出版社，1997