仿鸡血石的合成实验研究
摘要
随着人们对鸡血石需求的日益增加,近年来市场上鸡血石不断走俏,优质鸡血石原料供不应求,因此,市场上出现了各种各样的优化处理品和仿制品,对消费者和收藏者的利益产生了损害。本论文利用偏光显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线荧光光谱仪、傅立叶红外/拉曼光谱仪等仪器设备,对从市场上采集的仿鸡血石样品的光学性质、结构及成分进行了分析。并分别以绿泥石、叶蜡石、高岭石为原料,再辅以有机胶黏剂和有机染料,在常温常压和常温加压的条件下合成了仿鸡血石样品。
研究结果表明,仿鸡血石的密度和折射率均小于天然鸡血石;其成分与天然鸡血石的也不相同,天然鸡血石的“地”的成分为高岭石和地开石,“血”为辰砂(HgS)。而仿鸡血石的“地”主要矿物为绿泥石,且含有少量石英杂质,其红色部分是由于红色有机颜料的添加造成的;经显微镜下研究,样品应该为天然绿泥石研磨后混入红色颜料后压制而成。对合成的鸡血石仿制品进行了宝石学参数的测定,并与市场上销售的仿鸡血石的参数做了对比。结果表明,本实验合成的仿制品在密度、折射率、硬度等宝石学参数上与市场上销售的仿制品均相似。本文仿鸡血石的合成实验既为人工合成鸡血石提供一种合成方法,也有助于市场上仿鸡血石的鉴定和识别。
Recent years, the chicken-blood stone becomes popular in the market. With people's increasing demand, high-quality raw materials were in short supply. Therefore, a wide variety of imitation appeared on the market and the customer and collectors’profits were hurt. The imitated blood stone was studied in this context. The optic characters, structure and components of the sample were analyzed with the instruments such as XRF, XRD, FTIR, polarized microscope, etc. The imitated blood stones were synthesized under normal temperature and standard atmosphere, normal temperature and high pressure with chlorite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, organic adhesive and organic dyes in our lab.
The results show that the density and refractive index of the sample is lower than the natural’s. The main components of the natural’s terra are kaolinite and pholerite. The natural’s blood is cinnabar. The imitated bloodstone from the market was mainly composed of chlorite. The red part of the imitated blood stone was caused by the appending gules organic pigment. The imitated blood stone was pressed with triturated chlorite interfused with the pigments as we observed under the microscope. The gemstones parameters of the imitated blood stone we made were detected and compared with the imitation found on the market. The results show that the gemstones parameters of the imitated blood stone we made are similar with the ones from the market. The experiment proposed in this paper provides not only a possible way of the imitated blood stone but also a method to the identification of the imitation.
研究结果表明,仿鸡血石的密度和折射率均小于天然鸡血石;其成分与天然鸡血石的也不相同,天然鸡血石的“地”的成分为高岭石和地开石,“血”为辰砂(HgS)。而仿鸡血石的“地”主要矿物为绿泥石,且含有少量石英杂质,其红色部分是由于红色有机颜料的添加造成的;经显微镜下研究,样品应该为天然绿泥石研磨后混入红色颜料后压制而成。对合成的鸡血石仿制品进行了宝石学参数的测定,并与市场上销售的仿鸡血石的参数做了对比。结果表明,本实验合成的仿制品在密度、折射率、硬度等宝石学参数上与市场上销售的仿制品均相似。本文仿鸡血石的合成实验既为人工合成鸡血石提供一种合成方法,也有助于市场上仿鸡血石的鉴定和识别。
Recent years, the chicken-blood stone becomes popular in the market. With people's increasing demand, high-quality raw materials were in short supply. Therefore, a wide variety of imitation appeared on the market and the customer and collectors’profits were hurt. The imitated blood stone was studied in this context. The optic characters, structure and components of the sample were analyzed with the instruments such as XRF, XRD, FTIR, polarized microscope, etc. The imitated blood stones were synthesized under normal temperature and standard atmosphere, normal temperature and high pressure with chlorite, pyrophyllite, kaolinite, organic adhesive and organic dyes in our lab.
The results show that the density and refractive index of the sample is lower than the natural’s. The main components of the natural’s terra are kaolinite and pholerite. The natural’s blood is cinnabar. The imitated bloodstone from the market was mainly composed of chlorite. The red part of the imitated blood stone was caused by the appending gules organic pigment. The imitated blood stone was pressed with triturated chlorite interfused with the pigments as we observed under the microscope. The gemstones parameters of the imitated blood stone we made were detected and compared with the imitation found on the market. The results show that the gemstones parameters of the imitated blood stone we made are similar with the ones from the market. The experiment proposed in this paper provides not only a possible way of the imitated blood stone but also a method to the identification of the imitation.
引文
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2林嵩山.昌化、巴林鸡血石的特征及鉴定.宝石和宝石学杂志, 2000, 2(1):21-22
3郭守国.宝石学教程.北京:科学出版社, 1998:236-238 256-257
4张蓓莉.系统宝石学(第二版).北京:地质出版社, 2006, 439-441 441-443 444-448 449-451
5 Deer W A, Howie R A and Zussman J. An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals. London:Longman,1996,25-29
6任磊夫.粘土矿物与粘土岩.北京:地质出版社,1992,43-45
7 M.D.Ruiz Cruz. Kaolinite and Dickite Formation during Shale Diagenesis:Isotopic Data.1997:95-104
8曾若兰.中国汞矿.成都:四川科技出版社,1988,90-95
9 Jacob S.Waples, Kathryn L.Nagy, George R.Aiken, and Joseph N. Ryan.Dissolution of Cinnabar(HgS) in the Presence of Natural Organic Matter. 2004,10:1575-1588
10 Shao-Rui sun,Yu-Hui Dong. The Optical Properties of HgS under High Pressures.Solid State Communications. 2006,138:476-479
11陈志强,邓燕华.鸡血石的矿物成分.桂林冶金地质学院学报,1992,18:356-366
12 Parnell J, Baron M, Boyce A. Controls on Kaolinite and Dickite Distribution, High-land Boundary Fault Zone, Scotland and Northern Ireland. J Geol Soc,2000 ,153(3) :635-640
13李海负.巴林鸡血石.有机地球化学,1992,4:13-14
14蔡国声.鉴别鸡血石.福建美术出版社,2001:21-34
15包绍华.浙江昌化鸡血石的地质成因及鉴定特征.浙江地质, 2002, 18(1):82-86
16呙敏超.中国独有的玉石——鸡血石.湖南省矿产测试利用研究所.,2004,5,54-55
17李平,王蓓.鸡血石与仿鸡血石的鉴别特征.武汉:宝石和宝石学杂志,2006,8(4):13-16
18陈科生,李大德.鉴别真假鸡血石的简易方法.珠宝科技,1990,2(2):29-31
19田亮光,程佑法,刘海彬等.处理鸡血石及仿制品的鉴定.宝石和宝石学杂志,2004,6(3):18-21
20王时麒.鸡血石的造假方法与识别.中国宝石,2005,14(1):180-181
21王蓓,李平,陆丁荣.鸡血石与注胶或补破处理鸡血石的鉴别.岩矿测试.2007,26(5):385-387
22陈科生,李大德.鉴别真假鸡血石的简易方法.珠宝科技,1990,2(2):29-30
23呙敏超.中国独有的玉石——鸡血石.国土资源导刊,2004,5:54-55
24 Krupp R. Physicochemical Aspects of Mercury Metallogenesis. Chem Geol ,1998,69 :345-356
25 M.Svensson, B.Allard, A.Duker. Formation of HgS-mixing HgO or Elemental Hg with S,FeS or FeS2. Science of Total Environment, 2006:418-423
26包绍华.昌化鸡血石质量评价要素及分析.浙江树人大学学报, 2002, 2(5):61-65
27牟莉,崔文元.昌化明矾石地鸡血石的矿物学研究.岩石矿物学杂志,2004,23(1):69-74 54-55
28田亮光,陶金波.昌化鸡血石.宝石和宝石学杂志, 2003, 5(3):1-3
29张守亮,崔文元.巴林鸡血石的宝石矿物学研究.宝石和宝石学杂志,2002,4(3):26-30 28-29
30廖宗廷,周征宇,腾英.昌化鸡血石“地”的矿物成分及其对质量的影响.同济大学学报,2004,32(7):897-900
31吴植民.昌化鸡血石与巴林鸡血石的变色原因及其比较.珠宝科技,1992,7(2):11
32郭继春,曲俊生.影响鸡血石”血”的因素及”走血”成因研究.珠宝科技,1999,14(3):52-55
33廖宗廷,周征宇,李冉,陈桃.鸡血石”走血”之谜新探索.宝石和宝石学杂志,2002,4(4):6-9
34周正宇,李冉.鸡血石“走血”之迷新探索.宝石和宝石学杂志, 2002, 4(4):6-8
35 Guggenheim S, Zhan Wudi. Crystal Structures of Two Partically Dehydrated Chlorite:the“Modified”Chlorite Structure. Am Mineral,1999,84:1415-1421
36 Decaritat P, Hutchion I and Walshe J L. Chlorite Geothememetry:a Review. Clays and clay Minerals,1993,40:470-479
37 Cathelineau M and Nieva D A. Chlorite Solid Solution Geothermometer:The Los Azufres(Mexico) Geothemal System. Contrib.Mineral.Petrol,1985,91:235-244
38王濮,潘兆橹,翁玲宝等.系统矿物学.北京:地质出版社,1982,38-39
39 Chu Jiu-rong. The Modification Methods and Mechanisms of Epoxy Resins. New Chemical Materials,1998,26(10):16-19
40段华军,张联盟,王均,杨小利.低放热低粘度高韧性环氧树脂室温固化剂的性能研究.绝缘材料,2007,40(6):1-9
41张翠红,宫晋英,张鑫.环氧树脂低温固化剂的合成及性能研究.化学建材,2006,22(3):22-24
42张小博,刘海萍.环氧树脂室温固化用柔性固化剂的制备与性能研究.中国胶黏剂,2008,17(5):1-4
43 Rimdusit S, Ishida H. Development of New Class of Electronic Packaging Materials Based on Ternary Systems of Benzoxazine,Eoxyand Phennolic Resins. Polymer,2000,41,7941-7949
44张惠玲,陈连喜,雷家珩.新型环氧树脂潜伏性固化剂的合成及性能研究.武汉:武汉理工大学,2005,6:18-20
45张春玲,孙国恩,张莉,那辉.新型环氧树脂固化剂的性能.吉林大学学报,2007,37(2):353-356
46姚燕,孟祥玲.环氧树脂用固化剂的研究进展.现代涂料与涂装,2007,10(4):37-40
47胡玉明,吴良义.固化剂.北京:化学工业出版社,2004:22-23
48陈耀祖,涂亚平.有机质谱原理及应用.北京:科学出版社, 2001:54-55
49 Stefano B. Applying X-ray Geothermometer Diffraction to a Chlorite. Clays and Clay Minerals,1999,47:54-63
50 Nieto F. Chemical Composition of Matapelitic Chlorites:X-ray Diffraction and Optical Property Approach. Eur.J.Minaral,1997,9:829-841
51刘卫东.利用拉曼光谱鉴别鸡血石及其仿造品.宝石和宝石学杂志, 2005,5(3):24-25
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