佳木斯电力电线电缆有限责任公司库存优化研究
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摘要
近年来，随着市场经济的发展，国有企业库存问题日趋尖锐，已成为导致企业亏损、阻碍企业进一步发展的主要障碍。
佳木斯电力电线电缆有限责任公司是一家典型的国有企业，长期的库存积压、浪费已成为企业目前最大的问题。本文就如何解决企业的库存管理问题、如何优化企业库存进行了分析和研究。本文主要采用了分析与实证相结合、定性与定量相结合的方法，来解决企业实际库存控制问题。
本文首先分析了企业目前库存管理中存在的主要问题，对国内外关于企业库存优化理论和数量模型的研究现状进行了综述，在提出所研究问题的基础上，指出了本文研究的主要目的和意义。然后本文对有关库存优化的基本理论进行了比较详细的叙述和分析研究，指出了它们的原理和特点。然后在分析企业原材料需求和库存特点的基础上，根据企业的实际情况，建立了基于线性需求的库存优化模型和基于随机需求的库存优化模型——蒙特卡罗法，代入企业各项库存参数进行实证，并比较了两种模型的各自的优缺点。基于上述模型，本文最后从宏观上，根据企业的库存特点，依据所构建的库存优化数量模型，并结合当代供应链库存管理思想，为企业设计了一套供应链库存优化管理模式的新思路。
With the development of market economy recently, there appear more and more problems on the inventory of state-company, which has become a critical obstacle to the development of these companies.
As a typical State-Company, Jiamusi Electric Wire & Cable Company, Ltd. encounters inventory problems such as overstock and wasting. In order to solve the problem, this article analyzes how to manage and optimize its inventory, in the way of combining analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively with empirical evidence.
Firstly, this article analyzes the main topics on inventory management, sums up the current theory and quantitative model at home and abroad, and points the main aims. Secondly, based on detailed depiction and analysis on the optimization of inventory, including analysis the demands of material and the character of stock, together with the situation of Electric Wire & Cable Company, Ltd., two inventory optimizing models are developed, with the aid of liner and random optimization method -Monte Carle Method. After computing with concrete data, both strong point and shortcoming of these two models are compared. Finally, this article develops a new set of ideas about supply chain, according to the new optimizing inventory models.
佳木斯电力电线电缆有限责任公司是一家典型的国有企业，长期的库存积压、浪费已成为企业目前最大的问题。本文就如何解决企业的库存管理问题、如何优化企业库存进行了分析和研究。本文主要采用了分析与实证相结合、定性与定量相结合的方法，来解决企业实际库存控制问题。
本文首先分析了企业目前库存管理中存在的主要问题，对国内外关于企业库存优化理论和数量模型的研究现状进行了综述，在提出所研究问题的基础上，指出了本文研究的主要目的和意义。然后本文对有关库存优化的基本理论进行了比较详细的叙述和分析研究，指出了它们的原理和特点。然后在分析企业原材料需求和库存特点的基础上，根据企业的实际情况，建立了基于线性需求的库存优化模型和基于随机需求的库存优化模型——蒙特卡罗法，代入企业各项库存参数进行实证，并比较了两种模型的各自的优缺点。基于上述模型，本文最后从宏观上，根据企业的库存特点，依据所构建的库存优化数量模型，并结合当代供应链库存管理思想，为企业设计了一套供应链库存优化管理模式的新思路。
With the development of market economy recently, there appear more and more problems on the inventory of state-company, which has become a critical obstacle to the development of these companies.
As a typical State-Company, Jiamusi Electric Wire & Cable Company, Ltd. encounters inventory problems such as overstock and wasting. In order to solve the problem, this article analyzes how to manage and optimize its inventory, in the way of combining analyzing qualitatively and quantitatively with empirical evidence.
Firstly, this article analyzes the main topics on inventory management, sums up the current theory and quantitative model at home and abroad, and points the main aims. Secondly, based on detailed depiction and analysis on the optimization of inventory, including analysis the demands of material and the character of stock, together with the situation of Electric Wire & Cable Company, Ltd., two inventory optimizing models are developed, with the aid of liner and random optimization method -Monte Carle Method. After computing with concrete data, both strong point and shortcoming of these two models are compared. Finally, this article develops a new set of ideas about supply chain, according to the new optimizing inventory models.
引文
1 秦明森，王方智．实用物流技术．中国物资出版社．2001：14-17
2 Bernardo A. Huberman, Rajan M. Lukose, and Tad Hogg. An economics approach to hard computational problems. Science, 275, 1997. 51-54.
3 曹德欣，沈祖和．一类非光滑优化问题的区间算法．高等学校计算数学学报．v20，n1，1998：23-33．
4 Craycraft, Catherine. Sedo, Stanley, Gotlob, David. Foreign operations and the choice of inventory accounting methods Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Volume: 7, Issue: 1, 1998:81-93
5 张德良、刘树明．论价格折扣条件下的订货与库存控制．山东轻工业学院院报，v12，n3．1997：65-69
6 宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社．2000：78-81
7 朱道立，龚国华，罗齐．物流和供应链管理．复旦大学出版社．2001：225-226
8 丁立言，张铎．物流系统工程．清华大学出版社．2000年，114-117
9 刘志学．现代物流手册．中国物资出版社．2001：123-126
10 李新华．企业物流管理．中国广播电视出版社．2002：25-26
11 刘惠生．管理系统工程．企业管理出版社．1990：49-52
12 吴清一．物流学．中国建材工业出版社．1997：88-90
13 Hamilton, James D. On the interpretation of cointegration in the linear-quadratic inventory model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Volume: 26, Issue: 12, October, 2002: 2037-2049
14 Fleischmann, Moritz; Kuik, Roelof.; Dekker, Rommert. Controlling inventories with stochastic item returns: A basic model. European Journal of Operational Research, Volume: 138, Issue:1 , April 1, 2002: 63-75
15 Lopez-Garcia, Leovigildo; Posada-Bolivar, Adelita. A Simulator that uses Tabu Search to Approach the Optimal Solution to Stochastic Inventory Models. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37,
Issue: 1-2, October, 1999: 215-218
16 (美)F．S．麦克劳林，R．C．皮哈德．管理决策的定量技术．中国铁道出版社．1982：154～162
17 S. Kirkpatrick, et al. Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science, v220, n4598, 1983:671-680.
18 张永康．全局优化问题随机型方法综述．运筹学杂志．v11，n1，1992：28-41．
19 Anagun, A. S. Selecting inventory models using an expert system. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 33, Issue: 1-2, October, 1997:299-302
20 彭宏，彭佳红．并行遗传算法的一些新进展．吉首大学学报．v18，n4，1997：71-77．
21 谢金星．进化计算简要综述．控制与决策．v12，n1，1997：21-30．
22 郝翔，李人厚．一种快速有效的多模态函数寻优方法-双群体遗传算法．控制理论与应用．v14，n5，1997：766-768．
23 赵明旺．连续可微函数全局优化的混合遗传算法．控制与决策．v12，n5，1997：589-592．
24 V.P. Gergel, Ya.D. Sergeyev, Sequential and parallel algorithms for global minimizing functions with Lipschitzian derivatives. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, v37, n4-5, 1999:163-179.
25 费浦生，陈忠．最优化问题的并行算法．数学进展．v25，n4，1996，p289-298．
26 周永务．线性需求合并短缺的有限时间水平的生产——库存模型．系统工程理论与实践．1995，(5)：44-49
27 Manthou, Vassiliki Vlachopoulou, Maro. Bar-code technology for inventory and marketing management systems: A model for its development and implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, Volume: 71, Issue: 1-3, May 6, 2001:157-164
28 康立山，谢云，尤矢勇，罗祖华．非数值并行算法(第一册)：模拟退火算法，科学出版社．1994：236-238
29 陈国良等，遗传算法及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1996：105-109
30 田澎，杨自厚等．离散复杂系统最优化的Darwin & Boltzmann混合策略．自动化学报．v22，n1，1996：96-100．
31 Naish, Howard F. The linear quadratic inventory model as a micro foundation for Keynesian theories of the business cycle. Journal of
Economic Behavior & Organization, Volume: 36, Issue: 1, July 30,1998:39-57
32 Peter C. Schuur, Classification of acceptance criteria for the simulated annealing algorithm, Mathematics of Operations Research, v22, n2, 1997:266.
33 Hwang, Heung-Suk. A Study on an Inventory Model for Items with Weibull Ameliorating. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 33, Issue: 3-4, December, 1997:701-704
34 Hwang, Heung-Suk. Inventory Models for Both Deteriorating and Ameliorating Items. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37, Issue: 1-2, October, 1999:257-260
35 晓莉，雷功炎．关于随机优化算化的几点讨论．计算数学．v18，n4，1996：435-441
36 田澎，王浣尘．一类随机Tabu搜索策略及其全局收敛性研究．上海交通大学学报．v30，n2，199：147-152
37 Chen S, Cowan C F N, Grant M. Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function network. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks. 1991, 2(2):302-309
38 Chen S, Chng E S, Alkadhimi K. Regularized orthogonal least squares algorithm for constructing radial basis function networks。INT. J. CONTROL, 1996, 64:829-837
39 魏选平．蒙特卡罗法仿真实例及其结果分析．上海航天．2002，2：33-35
40 Creutz M. Monte Carlo Study of Quantied SU(2) Gauge Theories. Phys. Rev.,1980:238
41 Blinder K. Monte-Carlo methods in statistical physics[M].New York: Springer Verlag, Berlin Heideberg, 1986:71-82
42 陈荣．蒙特卡罗模拟在库存控制中的应用．华东冶金学院学报．1999，1：63-67
43 杜士钰．分销仓储配送中心订货决策的蒙特卡罗方法．系统工程学报．1998：696-100
44 Hasting W. Monte Carlo Sampling Methods Using Markov Chains and their Applications. Biometrika, 1970:57-97
45 黎锁平．运用蒙特卡罗方法求解随机性问题．甘肃工业大学学报．2001，6：95-97
46 李玉良，绍新宇．CPFR—供应链库存管理新趋势．机械设计与制造工程．2001，5：1-3
47 Hau L Lee, Corey Billington. Managing Supply chain inventory: pitfalls and opportunities[J]. Sloan Management Review, 1992,(1):65-73
48 曾艳．一种新的供应链库存管理策略．物流技术．2002，(1)：18-19
49 但斌，张旭梅．基于CPFR的供应链体系结构和运作研究．计算机集成制造技术．2000，8：41-44
50 Ganeshan, Ram. Managing supply chain inventories: A multiple retailer, one warehouse, multiple supplier model. International Journal of Production Economics, Volume: 59, Issue: 1-3, March, 1999, 341-354
2 Bernardo A. Huberman, Rajan M. Lukose, and Tad Hogg. An economics approach to hard computational problems. Science, 275, 1997. 51-54.
3 曹德欣，沈祖和．一类非光滑优化问题的区间算法．高等学校计算数学学报．v20，n1，1998：23-33．
4 Craycraft, Catherine. Sedo, Stanley, Gotlob, David. Foreign operations and the choice of inventory accounting methods Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Volume: 7, Issue: 1, 1998:81-93
5 张德良、刘树明．论价格折扣条件下的订货与库存控制．山东轻工业学院院报，v12，n3．1997：65-69
6 宋华，胡左浩．现代物流与供应链管理．经济管理出版社．2000：78-81
7 朱道立，龚国华，罗齐．物流和供应链管理．复旦大学出版社．2001：225-226
8 丁立言，张铎．物流系统工程．清华大学出版社．2000年，114-117
9 刘志学．现代物流手册．中国物资出版社．2001：123-126
10 李新华．企业物流管理．中国广播电视出版社．2002：25-26
11 刘惠生．管理系统工程．企业管理出版社．1990：49-52
12 吴清一．物流学．中国建材工业出版社．1997：88-90
13 Hamilton, James D. On the interpretation of cointegration in the linear-quadratic inventory model. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Volume: 26, Issue: 12, October, 2002: 2037-2049
14 Fleischmann, Moritz; Kuik, Roelof.; Dekker, Rommert. Controlling inventories with stochastic item returns: A basic model. European Journal of Operational Research, Volume: 138, Issue:1 , April 1, 2002: 63-75
15 Lopez-Garcia, Leovigildo; Posada-Bolivar, Adelita. A Simulator that uses Tabu Search to Approach the Optimal Solution to Stochastic Inventory Models. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37,
Issue: 1-2, October, 1999: 215-218
16 (美)F．S．麦克劳林，R．C．皮哈德．管理决策的定量技术．中国铁道出版社．1982：154～162
17 S. Kirkpatrick, et al. Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science, v220, n4598, 1983:671-680.
18 张永康．全局优化问题随机型方法综述．运筹学杂志．v11，n1，1992：28-41．
19 Anagun, A. S. Selecting inventory models using an expert system. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 33, Issue: 1-2, October, 1997:299-302
20 彭宏，彭佳红．并行遗传算法的一些新进展．吉首大学学报．v18，n4，1997：71-77．
21 谢金星．进化计算简要综述．控制与决策．v12，n1，1997：21-30．
22 郝翔，李人厚．一种快速有效的多模态函数寻优方法-双群体遗传算法．控制理论与应用．v14，n5，1997：766-768．
23 赵明旺．连续可微函数全局优化的混合遗传算法．控制与决策．v12，n5，1997：589-592．
24 V.P. Gergel, Ya.D. Sergeyev, Sequential and parallel algorithms for global minimizing functions with Lipschitzian derivatives. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, v37, n4-5, 1999:163-179.
25 费浦生，陈忠．最优化问题的并行算法．数学进展．v25，n4，1996，p289-298．
26 周永务．线性需求合并短缺的有限时间水平的生产——库存模型．系统工程理论与实践．1995，(5)：44-49
27 Manthou, Vassiliki Vlachopoulou, Maro. Bar-code technology for inventory and marketing management systems: A model for its development and implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, Volume: 71, Issue: 1-3, May 6, 2001:157-164
28 康立山，谢云，尤矢勇，罗祖华．非数值并行算法(第一册)：模拟退火算法，科学出版社．1994：236-238
29 陈国良等，遗传算法及其应用，人民邮电出版社，1996：105-109
30 田澎，杨自厚等．离散复杂系统最优化的Darwin & Boltzmann混合策略．自动化学报．v22，n1，1996：96-100．
31 Naish, Howard F. The linear quadratic inventory model as a micro foundation for Keynesian theories of the business cycle. Journal of
Economic Behavior & Organization, Volume: 36, Issue: 1, July 30,1998:39-57
32 Peter C. Schuur, Classification of acceptance criteria for the simulated annealing algorithm, Mathematics of Operations Research, v22, n2, 1997:266.
33 Hwang, Heung-Suk. A Study on an Inventory Model for Items with Weibull Ameliorating. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 33, Issue: 3-4, December, 1997:701-704
34 Hwang, Heung-Suk. Inventory Models for Both Deteriorating and Ameliorating Items. Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume: 37, Issue: 1-2, October, 1999:257-260
35 晓莉，雷功炎．关于随机优化算化的几点讨论．计算数学．v18，n4，1996：435-441
36 田澎，王浣尘．一类随机Tabu搜索策略及其全局收敛性研究．上海交通大学学报．v30，n2，199：147-152
37 Chen S, Cowan C F N, Grant M. Orthogonal least squares learning algorithm for radial basis function network. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks. 1991, 2(2):302-309
38 Chen S, Chng E S, Alkadhimi K. Regularized orthogonal least squares algorithm for constructing radial basis function networks。INT. J. CONTROL, 1996, 64:829-837
39 魏选平．蒙特卡罗法仿真实例及其结果分析．上海航天．2002，2：33-35
40 Creutz M. Monte Carlo Study of Quantied SU(2) Gauge Theories. Phys. Rev.,1980:238
41 Blinder K. Monte-Carlo methods in statistical physics[M].New York: Springer Verlag, Berlin Heideberg, 1986:71-82
42 陈荣．蒙特卡罗模拟在库存控制中的应用．华东冶金学院学报．1999，1：63-67
43 杜士钰．分销仓储配送中心订货决策的蒙特卡罗方法．系统工程学报．1998：696-100
44 Hasting W. Monte Carlo Sampling Methods Using Markov Chains and their Applications. Biometrika, 1970:57-97
45 黎锁平．运用蒙特卡罗方法求解随机性问题．甘肃工业大学学报．2001，6：95-97
46 李玉良，绍新宇．CPFR—供应链库存管理新趋势．机械设计与制造工程．2001，5：1-3
47 Hau L Lee, Corey Billington. Managing Supply chain inventory: pitfalls and opportunities[J]. Sloan Management Review, 1992,(1):65-73
48 曾艳．一种新的供应链库存管理策略．物流技术．2002，(1)：18-19
49 但斌，张旭梅．基于CPFR的供应链体系结构和运作研究．计算机集成制造技术．2000，8：41-44
50 Ganeshan, Ram. Managing supply chain inventories: A multiple retailer, one warehouse, multiple supplier model. International Journal of Production Economics, Volume: 59, Issue: 1-3, March, 1999, 341-354