企业业绩评价指标若干理论问题研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
从经济学和会计学方面解释企业业绩的含义,企业业绩应包括经营结果和经营行为。企业业绩评价指标体系应包括对经营结果进行评价的指标和对经营行为进行评价的指标两部份。良好的企业业绩包括财务目标的完成和战略促进行为的完成。
     本文对企业业绩评价指标的若干理论问题进行了研究,指出企业业绩评价指标应包括评价结果的财务指标和评价行为的非财务指标,行为评价指标的选择依据是价值相关性,批评了关于财务指标缺陷的说法,否定了定量指标、定性指标的分类方法。指出企业业绩评价指标的数量应为20个左右、评价指标的质量应满足准确性等9项要求、评价指标的测试包括特性测试、平衡测试和相互关系测试。
     企业业绩评价指标本质上是企业内部的一种制度安排,经营者的报酬往往和业绩评价指标直接挂钩。当评价指标不全面完整时,代理人出于自身利益的考虑,就会采取机会主义行为,代理成本就会增加,这时就出现了经济后果。本文从理论上分析了业绩评价指标的经济后果,并对中国国有企业和中美上市公司的业绩评价指标及经济后果进行了现实考察。
     本文研究了《企业效绩评价操作细则(修订)》,指出修订后的指标体系突出了对企业发展能力的评价、指标设计更加科学合理、评议指标反映了时代要求,并提出了改进意见。
     最后,文章指出企业业绩评价指标是权变的,实践中没有一成不变的、普遍适用的企业业绩评价指标,指标设计应随机制宜。
The corporation performance comprises results and behaviors (processes) from the point of view of economics and accounting. The corporation performance appraisal indexes include indexes appraising results and indexes appraising behaviors (processes). The excellent performance is the achievement of financial goal and strategic behaviors.
    We study some theories of corporation performance appraisal indexes. The system of indexes includes financial indexes appraising results and non-financial indexes appraising behaviors (processes). The appraisal indexes will be chosen according to value relevance. We refute the method that classifying indexes of quantity and quality. The number of indexes is about 20 and the qualities of indexes will be met by precision, congruity and so on. Appraisal indexes will be tested for their quality, equilibrium and correlation
    Corporation performance appraisal indexes in essence are a system arrangement in a corporation, and manager's reward is often paid according to his achievements. If the indexes system is incomplete, the manager will take opportunism action for his benefit, so the agency cost will increase. At this time the economic consequence occur. The paper analyzed the economic consequences of appraisal indexes and testified it by the fact that occurs in the Chinese state-owned enterprises and listed companies in China and US.
    We studied the corporation performance operated detail rules (revised) and pointed out that the indexes system emphasized the development ability and the non-financial indexes reflected the needs of time. We also bring forward some opinion to improve the indexes system.
    Finally, we point out that the appraisal indexes are contingent and designed according to circumstances.
引文
[1] 李苹莉,宁超.关于经营者业绩评价的思考.会计研究,2000(5):22~27
    [2] 樊行健,陈共荣.财务经济分析.第1版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000
    [3] Andersen, B. Performance Management: A Business Process Benchmarking Approach. 1st. edition. London: Chapman &Hall, 1997
    [4] Ainsworth, M. and Smith, N. Making it Happen: Managing Performance at Work. 1st. edition. Sydney: Prentice Hall, 1993
    [5] Anderson, G.C. Managing Performance Appraisal System. 1st. edition. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993
    [6] Costello, S.J. Effective Performance Management. 1st. edition. New York: Irwin, 1994
    [7] Fletcher, C. Appraisal: Routes to Improved Performance. 1st. edition. London: Institute of Personnel Management, 1993
    [8] Robert S. Kaplan & David P. Norton: The Balanced Scorecard-Measure that Drive Performance, Harvard Business Review, September~October 1992
    [9] 孟建民.企业经营业绩评估——中国企业绩效评估方法研究.第1版.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002
    [10]张蕊.企业战略经营业绩评价指标体系研究.第1版.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002
    [11]杜胜利.企业经营业绩评价.第1版.北京:经济科学出版社,1999
    [12]杨雄胜.财务基本理论研究.第1版.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2000
    [13]白蔚秋.改进业绩评价系统,正确评估企业的经营业绩.中央财经大学学报,2001(2):12~16
    [14]Robert·S. Kaplan and David·P. Norton: Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic System, Harvard Business Review, January~February 1996.
    [15]Michael Armstrong and Angela Baronl. Performance Management. 1st. edition. London: The Cromwell Press, 1998
    [16] Eccles, R.G. The performance measurement manifesto, Harvard Business Review, 1991,68(1): 131~137
    [17] Cruinn, K. Performance management: not just an annual appraisal, Personnel, 1987, August: 39~42
    
    
    [18]威廉姆·R.司可脱著.财务会计理论.陈汉文译,中文第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
    [19] Richard S. Williams. Performance Management. 1st. edition. London: International Thomson Business Press, 1998
    [20] Simon H. 1978, Rationality as Process and as Product of Thought, American Economic Association Papers and Proceedings, Richard T. Ely Lecture, May, Vol. 68, NO. 2
    [21]王国成,王文举.阶梯西方经济学(前沿专题).第1版.北京:中共中央党校出版社,1999
    [22]阎达五,李勇.找准治理会计信息失真的切入点,财务与会计,2002(5):8~10
    [23]威廉·A.希曼,约翰林·H.格尔著.企业量化管理实施.吴维库译.中文第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
    [24]朱小平,刘爽.企业内部业绩评价及激励制度若干问题思考.浙江财税与会计,2002(8):4~6
    [25]黄群慧.企业家激励约束与国有企业改革.第1版,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000
    [26]支晓强.如何选择业绩评价标准.会计研究,2000(11):25~30
    [27]孟建民主编.中国企业效绩评价.第1版.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2002
    [28]理查德·威廉姆斯.业绩管理.赵正斌,胡蓉译.中文第1版.大连:东北财经大学出版社,1999
    [29]胡奕明.非财务指标的选择——价值相关分析.财经研究,2001(5):44~50
    [30]M.E.波特.竞争战略.陈小悦译.中文第1版.北京:华夏出版社,1997
    [31] Tom Copeland. Tim Koller. Jack Murrin. Valuation: Measuring and Managing the Value of Companies. 3rd. Edition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000
    [32]R.D.巴泽尔,B.T.盖尔.战略与绩效——PIMS原理.吴冠之译.中文第1版.北京:华夏出版社,2000
    [33]罗伯特·S.卡普兰,安东尼·A.阿特金森.高级管理会计.吕长江译.中文第1版.大连:东北财经大学出版社,1999
    [34]汪家常,魏立江.业绩管理.第1版.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2001
    [35]杨雄胜,杨臻黛.企业综合评价指标体系研究.财政研究,1998(5):39~46
    [36]Robert·S. Kaplan, David·P. Norton: Translating Strategy into Action-The Balanced Scorecard, Harvard Business School Press, Boston, Massachusetts, 2000
    
    
    [37]财政部统计评价司编.企业效绩评价工作指南.第1版.北京:经济科学出版社,2002
    [38]周长青.当代公司业绩评价体系创新的若干问题研究:[厦门大学博士学位论文].北京:中国国家图书馆,2001
    [39]小艾尔弗雷德·D.钱德勒.看得见的手.重武译.中文第1版.北京:商务印书馆,1987
    [40]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.第1版.上海:上海人民出版社,2001
    [41]迈克尔,迪屈奇.交易成本经济学.王铁生,葛立成译.中文第1版.北京:经济科学出版社,1999
    [42]田志龙.经营者监督与激励.第1版.北京:中国发展出版社,1999
    [43]财政部统计评价司:企业效绩评价问答.第1版.北京:经济科学出版社,2000
    [44]财政部,国家国有资产管理局.全国第五次清产核资统计资料.第1版.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1996
    [45]陈小悦,肖星,过晓艳.配股权与上市公司利润操纵.经济研究,2000(1):30~36
    [46]靳明.从ROE的实证分析看上市公司的业绩操纵行为.中国工业经济,2000(2):64~69
    [47]黄世忠,陈建明.美国财务舞弊症结探究.会计研究,2002(10):24~32
    [48]张昕海,于东科.股权激励.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2001
    [49]郄永忠.世界通信丑闻震动全球.中国证券报,06/28/2002
    [50]李苹莉.经营者业绩评价:[中国人民大学博士学位论文].北京:中国国家图书馆 2001

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700