基于企业网络的战略柔性与企业创新绩效提升机制研究
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摘要
随着全球化的不断推进和科学技术的飞速发展,企业所面临的环境正日趋复杂多变,环境变化给企业发展造成的影响也愈加深刻。对于逐步融入全球制造体系的我国本土企业而言,竞争环境的动态性和复杂性日益加剧体现尤为明显。如何应对动态环境所带来的挑战抑或利用动态环境所带来的机遇,已经成为众多企业战略管理决策实践中的关键议题,也成为理论界研究讨论的热点问题。
动态的环境意味着企业竞争不仅围绕着产品质量和成本等因素展开,速度和时间方面的竞争要求企业比以往更加关注技术创新、战略柔性等因素。良好的技术学习以及成功的创新战略可以培育和提高企业的核心能力,战略柔性则能使企业快速适应外部环境的变化并进行变革创新及灵活高效的管理,进而实现优势绩效的持续营造。战略柔性的相关研究已引起广大学者的关注,然而,已有的研究对于战略柔性仍没有形成一个统一的构念体系,战略柔性受到哪些前置因素的影响以及战略柔性在动态环境下如何影响企业创新绩效等问题研究尚不够深入,相关的实证研究更属凤毛麟角。
在此背景下,本文以全球制造网络中的我国本土企业为研究对象,围绕“企业如何培育和运用战略柔性以提升创新绩效”这一基本问题进行研究,在对战略柔性的内涵及外延进行了逻辑严密的理论推演与分析界定的基础上,借鉴和融合企业网络理论、组织学习理论及权变理论等,提出并拟解答如下三个研究问题：(1)战略柔性是否会积极影响企业创新绩效?(2)企业如何借助于外部网络及内部组织能力培育和构建战略柔性?(3)企业如何选择及运用与动态环境特征相匹配的战略柔性以实现高创新绩效?本文的研究主要通过以下部分展开：
(1)文献述评与理论发展。通过对环境动态性理论、战略柔性理论、企业网络理论、技术创新理论等领域相关文献进行了回顾,梳理出与本文研究框架相关的理论线索。分析与归纳了战略柔性的内涵、特征及其构成要素,认为从内涵来看战略柔性包括资源柔性和协调柔性,从整体外延来看战略柔性可分为前瞻性战略柔性和反应性战略柔性两种类型。指出战略柔性的观点强调企业要做到对资源和能力集合的持续性的获取、发展和保持,而且必须保持足够的开放性和反应性。
(2)探索性案例研究及理论框架的提出。在对12家企业进行了多轮深入的访谈后,选择5家企业进行探索性案例研究,通过对案例内及案例间讨论,描述了企业网络特征、组织吸收能力对战略柔性两大要素资源柔性与协调柔性的影响,以及资源柔性、协调柔性与企业创新绩效的一般关系,初步形成了基于企业网络的战略柔性构建及与企业创新绩效关系研究框架,为后续理论研究提供了源于实践的构想。
(3)基于网络的战略柔性构建及与企业创新绩效关系模型构建与实证检验。在探索性案例研究基础上,对研究框架相关理论文献进一步整理,确立了基于企业网络的战略柔性构建及与创新绩效关系的概念模型,并且通过272家企业的调查问卷,通过探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和结构方程建模等定量化实证方法对模型和假设进行检验,最终得出了基于企业网络的战略柔性构建及与企业创新绩效关系的相关结论。
(4)环境动态性对企业战略柔性运用与企业创新绩效关系的影响研究。鉴于战略柔性不仅仅表现为“企业被动地适应变化以获取竞争优势”的反应性战略柔性,本文将“迅速调整组织内外部的创新资源、能力和结构以制造环境变化而赢得竞争”为表现的前瞻性战略柔性纳入讨论。以环境动态性作为调节变量,从整体视角深入探讨前瞻性战略柔性、反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的影响机制。深化了战略柔性对企业创新绩效积极作用的解释力。
通过上述研究论证工作,本研究得出以下主要观点和结论：
(1)资源柔性与协调柔性作为战略柔性的两大要素对企业创新绩效有积极的影响。资源柔性的正向影响效果说明了企业如拥有用途较广、转换难度小、转换时间成本低的创新资源,一方面可以降低企业适应环境变化的成本,另一方面能缩短企业应对环境变化所需的成本,这都有利于企业快速响应环境的变化,成功进行创新活动,获取较高的创新绩效。协调柔性的正向影响效果说明了在环境发生变化时,企业一方面可以利用自己较强的资源利用能力有效地调整资源的组合来应对环境的变化,另一方面企业较强的资源利用能力可以帮助企业发现环境变化带来的新机会以及发现新的价值被低估的资源,从而帮助企业获取竞争优势。所得结论可以厘清战略柔性的内涵维度并弥补战略柔性对创新绩效影响的实证研究不足。
(2)企业外部网络特征及组织吸收能力对于战略柔性的构建有着重要的影响。具体而言,企业网络特征的四个维度位置中心度、联结强度、网络规模和网络范围对资源柔性有着显著的正向影响；企业网络特征对协调柔性有正向影响的四条假设未能得到证实,本文从资源柔性的中介效应、内部组织能力是协调柔性的主要来源、外部网络特征影响机制本身的复杂性三个方面进行了原因分析；吸收能力的两个维度知识获取能力和知识应用能力对协调柔性有显著的正向影响；知识获取能力对资源柔性的显著正向影响,知识应用能力对于资源柔性的正向影响假设没有得到证实。所得结论对企业如何利用外部资源和内部组织能力以提升战略柔性提供理论依据。
(3)不同类型的战略柔性在环境动态性的调节作用下对企业创新绩效影响机制不同。具体而言,未引入环境动态性调节时,前瞻性战略柔性和反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效均有显著正向影响,说明了无论是快速有效地应对和适应环境的变化,还是主动去制造变化、塑造有利于自身发展的环境,对企业的创新绩效均有积极的作用；环境变化速度越迅速,前瞻性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的正向影响作用越明显,而在环境快速变化缓和的情境下,反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的正向影响作用越明显；环境变化难以预测性越高,反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的正向影响作用越明显,而环境难以预测性对前瞻性战略柔性与企业创新绩效关系的调节效应假设没有得到验证,即环境变化难以预测性对前瞻性战略柔性与企业创新绩效的正向关系无调节作用。所得结论对企业采取与动态环境相匹配的战略柔性类型以促进企业创新绩效提供管理建议和决策支持。
上述研究结论深化了对网络背景下战略柔性与企业创新绩效关系的理解,使得本文研究具备了较强的理论与现实意义。纵观前文,本文在以下三个方面进行了深化和拓展：(1)详细阐述了战略柔性的概念及构成要素,为企业获取持续优势提供了新的视角；(2)深入剖析了战略柔性的外部网络特征及内部组织能力前置影响因素,为基于网络背景的战略柔性理论研究深入开展提供思路；(3)充分揭示了不同类型战略柔性在动态环境调节下对企业创新绩效影响机制的差异,为战略柔性如何在动态环境中更好发挥作用提供重要理论参考。
With the continuous advance of globalization and the rapid development of S&T, environment faced by firms is increasingly complex and dynamic, which has a deeper and deeper effect on firms'development. For our local firms which are gradually integrated into the global manufacturing system, it is especially significant that aggravation of competitive environmental dynamism and complexity intensify day by day. How to deal with challenges in a dynamic environment or exploit opportunities arising from this dynamic environment has become a key issue of decision-making practice in firms'strategic management, as well as hot topic studied and discussed by academia.
Dynamic environment means that competition among firms not only centers on factors such as product quality and cost, but also compels firms to pay more attention to technological innovation, strategic flexibility and other factors than ever before. Favorable technological learning and successful innovation strategy can cultivate and improve firms' core capabilities, while strategic flexibility enables firms to quickly adapt to changes in external environment and initiate changes and innovation as well as flexible and efficient management, so as to build sustaining performance advantages. Related researches on strategic flexibility have aroused broad attention of scholars, however, the existing researches for strategic flexibility have not formed a complete construct system, questions such as what antecedents strategic flexibility is subject to, and how strategic flexibility affects innovation performance in a dynamic environment have not been studied deep enough, what more, relevant empirical researches are even more rare.
In this context, this dissertation took China's local firms which are embedded in the global manufacturing network as study object, and focused on "How firms make use of strategic flexibility to enhance innovation performance" as the fundamental question. On the basis of logically rigorous theoretical deduction, analysis and definition, and by referring to and integrating inter-firm network theory, organizational learning theory and contingency theory etc., this thesis proposed and was going to answer the following three research questions:(Ⅰ) Will strategic flexibility positively affect innovation performance? (Ⅱ) How can firms take advantages of external network and internal organizational capacity to cultivate strategic flexibility? (Ⅲ) How do firms select certain type of strategic flexibility to match with the external dynamic environment in order to achieve high innovation performance? This study will be conducted mainly through the following sections:
(1) Literature review and theoretical development. By reviewing relevant literature of certain research fields such as strategic flexibility, inter-firm network, technological innovation, this dissertation systemized theoretical clues related to the research framework, including analyzing and summarizing connotation, characteristics and constituent elements of strategic flexibility, and holding that strategic flexibility comprises resource flexibility and coordination flexibility from the perspective of connotation, while can be divided into proactive strategic flexibility and reactive strategic flexibility in terms of overall extension. From the perspective of strategic flexibility, we pointed out and emphasized that, firms should persistently acquire, develop and sustain integration of resources and capabilities, and must remain open and responsive enough.
(2) Exploratory case studies and the proposing of theoretical framework. After conducting several in-depth interviews with 12 firms, we selected 5 of them to do exploratory case study. Through discussions within and between cases, we described characteristics of inter-firm network, effects of organizational absorptive capacity on two elements——resource flexibility and coordination flexibility of strategic flexibility, as well as ordinary relationship between resource flexibility, coordination flexibility and innovation performance. Thus, the research framework of relationship between strategic flexibility and performance based on inter-firm network has been initially formed, providing a conception which originates from practice to the following theoretical researches.
(3) Model construction and empirical test of network-based relationship between strategic flexibility and firms'innovation performance. Based on exploratory case studied, we further neatened theoretical literature related to the research framework, and established the concept model of network-based relationship between strategic flexibility and innovation performance. In the following part, utilizing questionnaires selected from 272 firms, and testing the model and hypothesis by quantitative empirical methods such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, eventually reached conclusions of network-based relationship between strategic flexibility and firms'innovation performance.
(4) Research on firms'selection strategies of strategic flexibility under the context of dynamic environment. In view of that strategic flexibility is not only reactive strategic flexibility, which means "firms passively adapt to changes in order to obtain competitive advantages", this dissertation will discuss proactive strategic flexibility which embodies "promptly adjust innovation resources, capabilities and structure in and out of the organization to create environmental changes therefore win competitions". Taking environmental dynamism as a moderate variable, and deeply probing into mechanism by which proactive strategic flexibility and reactive strategic flexibility impacting innovation performance from an overall perspective deepen the explanatory power of the positive role strategic flexibility plays on firms'innovation performance.
After the above research and demonstration, following conclusions can be reached:
(1) as the two major elements of strategic flexibility, resource flexibility and coordination flexibility have positive impacts on innovation performance. Positive effect of resource flexibility means that if a firm owns innovation resources that have broad usage, small conversion difficulty, and conversion time and low time cost of conversion, then, on the one hand, costs of the firm to adapt to environmental changes can be reduced, on the other hand, costs needed to respond to environmental changes will be reduced too. Both are beneficial to firms to quickly respond to environmental changes, successfully conduct innovative activities, and access to higher innovation performance. Positive effect of coordination flexibility shows that when environment changes, for one thing, firms can use their strong capacity to make effective use of resources to adjust the mix of resources to respond to environmental changes, for another, strong capacity to make effective use of resources can help firms to find new opportunities arising from environmental changes, as well as discovery new undervalued resources, thus help firms to achieve competitive advantage. The conclusions can clear up the connotation dimensions of strategic flexibility and offset insufficient empirical researches on effects of strategic flexibility on innovation performance.
(2) The characteristics of inter-firm network and organizational absorptive capacity have important impacts on the two major elements of strategic flexibility. Specifically, the four dimensions:position centrality, tie strength, network size and network scope of inter-firm network of resources have significant positive effects on resource flexibility; The four hypotheses that the characteristics of inter-firm network have positive effects on coordination flexibility were not verified, and this dissertation gave explanations from perspectives of mediate effect of resource flexibility, internal organizational capacity as major source of coordination flexibility, and the complexity of the effect mechanism of interfirm network; the two dimensions of absorptive capacity——knowledge acquisition capacity and knowledge application capacity have significant positive impacts on coordination flexibility; knowledge acquisition capacity has a significant positive impact on resource flexibility; the hypothesis that knowledge application capacity has a significant positive impact on resource flexibility was not confirmed. The conclusions supply theoretical basis to how firms utilize external resources and internal organizational capacity to enhance strategic flexibility.
(3) Different types of strategic flexibility in a dynamic environment impact firms'innovation performance differently. Specifically, both proactive strategic flexibility and reactive strategic flexibility have positive effects on innovation performance, which implies that whether dealing with and adapting to environmental changes or actively creating changes to foster favorable environment to own development of firms themselves are beneficial to innovation performance; the more rapidly environment changes, the more obvious positive effects of proactive strategic flexibility on innovation performance, while the more obvious negative effects of reactive strategic flexibility on innovation performance; the higher unpredictability of environment changes, the more obvious positive effects of reactive strategic flexibility on innovation performance, while the moderate effect of unpredictability of environment changes on relationship of proactive strategic flexibility and innovation performance was not verified, that is, there is no moderate effect on the positive relationship between proactive strategic flexibility and innovation performance. The conclusions provide management advice and decision support to firms to adopt suitable type of strategic flexibility which matches the dynamic environment in order to promote innovation performance.
The above conclusions deepen understanding of the relationship between strategic flexibility and firms'innovation performance under the context of network, making this dissertation possess strong theoretical and practical significance. Throughout the whole, this dissertation makes deepening and expansion in the following three aspects:(1) elaborated on the concept of strategic flexibility and its constituent elements, providing a new perspective to how firms achieve sustaining advantages; (2) deeply analyzed of the external network characteristics of strategic flexibility and antecedents of internal organizational capacity, supplying train of thought to conduct theoretical researches on strategic flexibility; (3) thoroughly revealed the differences of mechanisms by which different types of strategic flexibility impacts firms'innovation performance under the condition of dynamic environment, offering theoretical reference to make strategic flexibility play a better role in a dynamic environment.
动态的环境意味着企业竞争不仅围绕着产品质量和成本等因素展开,速度和时间方面的竞争要求企业比以往更加关注技术创新、战略柔性等因素。良好的技术学习以及成功的创新战略可以培育和提高企业的核心能力,战略柔性则能使企业快速适应外部环境的变化并进行变革创新及灵活高效的管理,进而实现优势绩效的持续营造。战略柔性的相关研究已引起广大学者的关注,然而,已有的研究对于战略柔性仍没有形成一个统一的构念体系,战略柔性受到哪些前置因素的影响以及战略柔性在动态环境下如何影响企业创新绩效等问题研究尚不够深入,相关的实证研究更属凤毛麟角。
在此背景下,本文以全球制造网络中的我国本土企业为研究对象,围绕“企业如何培育和运用战略柔性以提升创新绩效”这一基本问题进行研究,在对战略柔性的内涵及外延进行了逻辑严密的理论推演与分析界定的基础上,借鉴和融合企业网络理论、组织学习理论及权变理论等,提出并拟解答如下三个研究问题：(1)战略柔性是否会积极影响企业创新绩效?(2)企业如何借助于外部网络及内部组织能力培育和构建战略柔性?(3)企业如何选择及运用与动态环境特征相匹配的战略柔性以实现高创新绩效?本文的研究主要通过以下部分展开：
(1)文献述评与理论发展。通过对环境动态性理论、战略柔性理论、企业网络理论、技术创新理论等领域相关文献进行了回顾,梳理出与本文研究框架相关的理论线索。分析与归纳了战略柔性的内涵、特征及其构成要素,认为从内涵来看战略柔性包括资源柔性和协调柔性,从整体外延来看战略柔性可分为前瞻性战略柔性和反应性战略柔性两种类型。指出战略柔性的观点强调企业要做到对资源和能力集合的持续性的获取、发展和保持,而且必须保持足够的开放性和反应性。
(2)探索性案例研究及理论框架的提出。在对12家企业进行了多轮深入的访谈后,选择5家企业进行探索性案例研究,通过对案例内及案例间讨论,描述了企业网络特征、组织吸收能力对战略柔性两大要素资源柔性与协调柔性的影响,以及资源柔性、协调柔性与企业创新绩效的一般关系,初步形成了基于企业网络的战略柔性构建及与企业创新绩效关系研究框架,为后续理论研究提供了源于实践的构想。
(3)基于网络的战略柔性构建及与企业创新绩效关系模型构建与实证检验。在探索性案例研究基础上,对研究框架相关理论文献进一步整理,确立了基于企业网络的战略柔性构建及与创新绩效关系的概念模型,并且通过272家企业的调查问卷,通过探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析和结构方程建模等定量化实证方法对模型和假设进行检验,最终得出了基于企业网络的战略柔性构建及与企业创新绩效关系的相关结论。
(4)环境动态性对企业战略柔性运用与企业创新绩效关系的影响研究。鉴于战略柔性不仅仅表现为“企业被动地适应变化以获取竞争优势”的反应性战略柔性,本文将“迅速调整组织内外部的创新资源、能力和结构以制造环境变化而赢得竞争”为表现的前瞻性战略柔性纳入讨论。以环境动态性作为调节变量,从整体视角深入探讨前瞻性战略柔性、反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的影响机制。深化了战略柔性对企业创新绩效积极作用的解释力。
通过上述研究论证工作,本研究得出以下主要观点和结论：
(1)资源柔性与协调柔性作为战略柔性的两大要素对企业创新绩效有积极的影响。资源柔性的正向影响效果说明了企业如拥有用途较广、转换难度小、转换时间成本低的创新资源,一方面可以降低企业适应环境变化的成本,另一方面能缩短企业应对环境变化所需的成本,这都有利于企业快速响应环境的变化,成功进行创新活动,获取较高的创新绩效。协调柔性的正向影响效果说明了在环境发生变化时,企业一方面可以利用自己较强的资源利用能力有效地调整资源的组合来应对环境的变化,另一方面企业较强的资源利用能力可以帮助企业发现环境变化带来的新机会以及发现新的价值被低估的资源,从而帮助企业获取竞争优势。所得结论可以厘清战略柔性的内涵维度并弥补战略柔性对创新绩效影响的实证研究不足。
(2)企业外部网络特征及组织吸收能力对于战略柔性的构建有着重要的影响。具体而言,企业网络特征的四个维度位置中心度、联结强度、网络规模和网络范围对资源柔性有着显著的正向影响；企业网络特征对协调柔性有正向影响的四条假设未能得到证实,本文从资源柔性的中介效应、内部组织能力是协调柔性的主要来源、外部网络特征影响机制本身的复杂性三个方面进行了原因分析；吸收能力的两个维度知识获取能力和知识应用能力对协调柔性有显著的正向影响；知识获取能力对资源柔性的显著正向影响,知识应用能力对于资源柔性的正向影响假设没有得到证实。所得结论对企业如何利用外部资源和内部组织能力以提升战略柔性提供理论依据。
(3)不同类型的战略柔性在环境动态性的调节作用下对企业创新绩效影响机制不同。具体而言,未引入环境动态性调节时,前瞻性战略柔性和反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效均有显著正向影响,说明了无论是快速有效地应对和适应环境的变化,还是主动去制造变化、塑造有利于自身发展的环境,对企业的创新绩效均有积极的作用；环境变化速度越迅速,前瞻性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的正向影响作用越明显,而在环境快速变化缓和的情境下,反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的正向影响作用越明显；环境变化难以预测性越高,反应性战略柔性对企业创新绩效的正向影响作用越明显,而环境难以预测性对前瞻性战略柔性与企业创新绩效关系的调节效应假设没有得到验证,即环境变化难以预测性对前瞻性战略柔性与企业创新绩效的正向关系无调节作用。所得结论对企业采取与动态环境相匹配的战略柔性类型以促进企业创新绩效提供管理建议和决策支持。
上述研究结论深化了对网络背景下战略柔性与企业创新绩效关系的理解,使得本文研究具备了较强的理论与现实意义。纵观前文,本文在以下三个方面进行了深化和拓展：(1)详细阐述了战略柔性的概念及构成要素,为企业获取持续优势提供了新的视角；(2)深入剖析了战略柔性的外部网络特征及内部组织能力前置影响因素,为基于网络背景的战略柔性理论研究深入开展提供思路；(3)充分揭示了不同类型战略柔性在动态环境调节下对企业创新绩效影响机制的差异,为战略柔性如何在动态环境中更好发挥作用提供重要理论参考。
With the continuous advance of globalization and the rapid development of S&T, environment faced by firms is increasingly complex and dynamic, which has a deeper and deeper effect on firms'development. For our local firms which are gradually integrated into the global manufacturing system, it is especially significant that aggravation of competitive environmental dynamism and complexity intensify day by day. How to deal with challenges in a dynamic environment or exploit opportunities arising from this dynamic environment has become a key issue of decision-making practice in firms'strategic management, as well as hot topic studied and discussed by academia.
Dynamic environment means that competition among firms not only centers on factors such as product quality and cost, but also compels firms to pay more attention to technological innovation, strategic flexibility and other factors than ever before. Favorable technological learning and successful innovation strategy can cultivate and improve firms' core capabilities, while strategic flexibility enables firms to quickly adapt to changes in external environment and initiate changes and innovation as well as flexible and efficient management, so as to build sustaining performance advantages. Related researches on strategic flexibility have aroused broad attention of scholars, however, the existing researches for strategic flexibility have not formed a complete construct system, questions such as what antecedents strategic flexibility is subject to, and how strategic flexibility affects innovation performance in a dynamic environment have not been studied deep enough, what more, relevant empirical researches are even more rare.
In this context, this dissertation took China's local firms which are embedded in the global manufacturing network as study object, and focused on "How firms make use of strategic flexibility to enhance innovation performance" as the fundamental question. On the basis of logically rigorous theoretical deduction, analysis and definition, and by referring to and integrating inter-firm network theory, organizational learning theory and contingency theory etc., this thesis proposed and was going to answer the following three research questions:(Ⅰ) Will strategic flexibility positively affect innovation performance? (Ⅱ) How can firms take advantages of external network and internal organizational capacity to cultivate strategic flexibility? (Ⅲ) How do firms select certain type of strategic flexibility to match with the external dynamic environment in order to achieve high innovation performance? This study will be conducted mainly through the following sections:
(1) Literature review and theoretical development. By reviewing relevant literature of certain research fields such as strategic flexibility, inter-firm network, technological innovation, this dissertation systemized theoretical clues related to the research framework, including analyzing and summarizing connotation, characteristics and constituent elements of strategic flexibility, and holding that strategic flexibility comprises resource flexibility and coordination flexibility from the perspective of connotation, while can be divided into proactive strategic flexibility and reactive strategic flexibility in terms of overall extension. From the perspective of strategic flexibility, we pointed out and emphasized that, firms should persistently acquire, develop and sustain integration of resources and capabilities, and must remain open and responsive enough.
(2) Exploratory case studies and the proposing of theoretical framework. After conducting several in-depth interviews with 12 firms, we selected 5 of them to do exploratory case study. Through discussions within and between cases, we described characteristics of inter-firm network, effects of organizational absorptive capacity on two elements——resource flexibility and coordination flexibility of strategic flexibility, as well as ordinary relationship between resource flexibility, coordination flexibility and innovation performance. Thus, the research framework of relationship between strategic flexibility and performance based on inter-firm network has been initially formed, providing a conception which originates from practice to the following theoretical researches.
(3) Model construction and empirical test of network-based relationship between strategic flexibility and firms'innovation performance. Based on exploratory case studied, we further neatened theoretical literature related to the research framework, and established the concept model of network-based relationship between strategic flexibility and innovation performance. In the following part, utilizing questionnaires selected from 272 firms, and testing the model and hypothesis by quantitative empirical methods such as exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, eventually reached conclusions of network-based relationship between strategic flexibility and firms'innovation performance.
(4) Research on firms'selection strategies of strategic flexibility under the context of dynamic environment. In view of that strategic flexibility is not only reactive strategic flexibility, which means "firms passively adapt to changes in order to obtain competitive advantages", this dissertation will discuss proactive strategic flexibility which embodies "promptly adjust innovation resources, capabilities and structure in and out of the organization to create environmental changes therefore win competitions". Taking environmental dynamism as a moderate variable, and deeply probing into mechanism by which proactive strategic flexibility and reactive strategic flexibility impacting innovation performance from an overall perspective deepen the explanatory power of the positive role strategic flexibility plays on firms'innovation performance.
After the above research and demonstration, following conclusions can be reached:
(1) as the two major elements of strategic flexibility, resource flexibility and coordination flexibility have positive impacts on innovation performance. Positive effect of resource flexibility means that if a firm owns innovation resources that have broad usage, small conversion difficulty, and conversion time and low time cost of conversion, then, on the one hand, costs of the firm to adapt to environmental changes can be reduced, on the other hand, costs needed to respond to environmental changes will be reduced too. Both are beneficial to firms to quickly respond to environmental changes, successfully conduct innovative activities, and access to higher innovation performance. Positive effect of coordination flexibility shows that when environment changes, for one thing, firms can use their strong capacity to make effective use of resources to adjust the mix of resources to respond to environmental changes, for another, strong capacity to make effective use of resources can help firms to find new opportunities arising from environmental changes, as well as discovery new undervalued resources, thus help firms to achieve competitive advantage. The conclusions can clear up the connotation dimensions of strategic flexibility and offset insufficient empirical researches on effects of strategic flexibility on innovation performance.
(2) The characteristics of inter-firm network and organizational absorptive capacity have important impacts on the two major elements of strategic flexibility. Specifically, the four dimensions:position centrality, tie strength, network size and network scope of inter-firm network of resources have significant positive effects on resource flexibility; The four hypotheses that the characteristics of inter-firm network have positive effects on coordination flexibility were not verified, and this dissertation gave explanations from perspectives of mediate effect of resource flexibility, internal organizational capacity as major source of coordination flexibility, and the complexity of the effect mechanism of interfirm network; the two dimensions of absorptive capacity——knowledge acquisition capacity and knowledge application capacity have significant positive impacts on coordination flexibility; knowledge acquisition capacity has a significant positive impact on resource flexibility; the hypothesis that knowledge application capacity has a significant positive impact on resource flexibility was not confirmed. The conclusions supply theoretical basis to how firms utilize external resources and internal organizational capacity to enhance strategic flexibility.
(3) Different types of strategic flexibility in a dynamic environment impact firms'innovation performance differently. Specifically, both proactive strategic flexibility and reactive strategic flexibility have positive effects on innovation performance, which implies that whether dealing with and adapting to environmental changes or actively creating changes to foster favorable environment to own development of firms themselves are beneficial to innovation performance; the more rapidly environment changes, the more obvious positive effects of proactive strategic flexibility on innovation performance, while the more obvious negative effects of reactive strategic flexibility on innovation performance; the higher unpredictability of environment changes, the more obvious positive effects of reactive strategic flexibility on innovation performance, while the moderate effect of unpredictability of environment changes on relationship of proactive strategic flexibility and innovation performance was not verified, that is, there is no moderate effect on the positive relationship between proactive strategic flexibility and innovation performance. The conclusions provide management advice and decision support to firms to adopt suitable type of strategic flexibility which matches the dynamic environment in order to promote innovation performance.
The above conclusions deepen understanding of the relationship between strategic flexibility and firms'innovation performance under the context of network, making this dissertation possess strong theoretical and practical significance. Throughout the whole, this dissertation makes deepening and expansion in the following three aspects:(1) elaborated on the concept of strategic flexibility and its constituent elements, providing a new perspective to how firms achieve sustaining advantages; (2) deeply analyzed of the external network characteristics of strategic flexibility and antecedents of internal organizational capacity, supplying train of thought to conduct theoretical researches on strategic flexibility; (3) thoroughly revealed the differences of mechanisms by which different types of strategic flexibility impacts firms'innovation performance under the condition of dynamic environment, offering theoretical reference to make strategic flexibility play a better role in a dynamic environment.
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