基于动态能力观的企业战略网络构建与治理研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化和新技术革命浪潮的加速推进,领先型的企业,尤其是那些处在动态产业中的企业,已越来越多地使用不同种类的企业间合作关系来构筑其战略网络,以提高其资源禀赋条件,更好地掌控战略不确定性。结果,当今的许多企业嵌入在一个由顾客、供应商、竞争者、互补者间关系所形成的紧密网络中,战略网络成为企业增加竞争优势,提升绩效的重要源泉。在这样的背景下,战略网络的构建与治理成为企业重要的战略性问题。
本文系统吸收企业竞争优势理论、战略网络理论、社会经济学理论、动态能力理论和博弈理论等相关领域的研究成果,以动态能力观为融合这些理论的研究主线,将动态能力研究与战略网络研究这两个战略管理领域的前沿问题结合起来。
本文采用定性分析和定量分析相结合,规范分析和案例研究相结合的方法,试图对以下两个关键性问题进行较为系统的全面研究：①从动态能力的观点出发,探寻企业遵循动态能力观点,整合内外部资源,围绕自身发展构建战略网络,基于企业动态能力及战略网络动态能力的更新获取竞争优势。②揭示企业战略网络合作发生、发展的内在规律,在此基础上的找出战略网络治理中的关键机制,实现战略网络持续发展。围绕这两个关键性问题,论文的研究工作和内容主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)在对战略网络的内涵梳理的基础上,界定本研究中战略网络的基本内容。
在对不同研究视角和不同网络层次下战略网络的定义及内涵梳理的基础上,重新界定本研究中战略网络的定义,提出战略网络四层次分析框架,指出战略网络系统构成要素、战略网络的类型以及战略网络的功能等基本内容。
(2)以动态能力理论为逻辑主线,形成多学科战略网络融合研究的视角。
在对交易成本经济学、经济学社会理论、资源依赖理论、战略选择理论、利益相关者理论、组织学习理论、制度理论等理论关于网络构建问题进行剖析的基础上,发现动态能力理论可以成为融合这些网络构建理论的共同逻辑主线,提出从动态能力观来整合这几种理论,用多学科融合视角研究战略网络的构建问题,形成论文的理论基础。
(3)基于动态能力观,研究战略网络构建过程及战略网络合作伙伴的选择。
在战略网络构建过程研究中,首先在融合动态能力理论和企业竞争优势理论研究的基础上,提出战略网络竞争优势的来源有两个：内在性来源和动态性来源,并找出整合这两种竞争优势的动态机制；其后,提出获取战略网络竞争优势所需要的动态能力——企业网络能力；此后,从产生动态能力的战略管理过程入手,提出战略网络构建过程和构建内容。
战略网络合作伙伴的选择是战略网络构建的微观基础,本文在对传统选择合作伙伴的传统方法进行批判的基础上,提出选择合作伙伴新思路,归纳得出战略网络节点选择原则,利用重复博弈理论和委托代理理论,设计了基于声誉的战略网络合作伙伴选择机制。
(4)以揭示战略网络合作发生、发展规律为基础,提出战略网络治理问题。
首先,在利用博弈理论对战略网络合作的二元合作和群体合作的产生及演化机理进行分析,然后,提出战略网络治理问题的特点,其后,提出战略网络动力机制、学习机制、匹配机制、信任机制以及激励机制,指出规范对战略网络治理中的作用。最后,以东软集团的战略网络构建与治理为案例,对本文提出的基于动态能力观的战略网络构建与治理框架进行了实证研究,佐证和支持了论文的主题思想和理论观点。
(5)以东软集团的战略网络构建与治理实践,验证论文的观点。
Along with the quick propulsion of the economic globalization and the new technique revolution tide, leading companies, particularly in dynamic industries, have increasingly used different kinds of cooperative interorganizational relationships to form their strategic networks, to improve their resource endowment and to master strategic uncertainty better than their competitors. As a result, many firms today are embedded in a dense network of interorganizational relationships with customers, suppliers, competetitors, and complementors. Strategic networks are therefore recognized as an increasingly important source of competitive advantage and superior performance. Consequently, the configuration and governance of the strategic networks become important strategic issues for firms.
This paper systematically absorbs the research result of the related realms, such as business enterprise competitive advantage theories, strategic network theories, sociallly economic network theories, dynamic capability theories and game theories etc, and then sets up a main research line to syncretize these theories based on dynamic capability theories, combining the strategic network theories and the dynamic capability theories which are the two leading edges in the strategic management field.
Combining theoretical analysis with case study and combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the thesis tries to solve the following two key problems:①In view of dynamic capability, how can the enterprises set up their strategic networks to gain competitive advantage by syncretizing their inside and outside resources, by updating their dynamic capabilities and their strategic networks'dynamic capabilities.②Revealing corporate strategy and development of the inherent laws, on the basis of the strategic network to identify the key governance mechanism, to achive a strategic network of sustainalbe development. Centering on these two problems, the paper studies the following research tasks:
(1) Based on analyzing the definitions of strategic network, we nail down the basic content of strategic network in this research.
Based on analyzing the definitions and the connotations of strategic network in different research views and in different network levels, this study redefines the defination of strategic network, and put forward the four-level-analysis frame, and point out the basic contents of the strategic network system, such as its inscape, its type and its function.
(2) Based on the main logic line of dynamic capability theory, we form a systematic analytical framework syncretized many fields in study of strategic network.
After analyzing the relative theories on network formation, such as the transaction cost economics, the social economics, the resource-based theory, the strategic choice theory, the relative benefitors theory, the organization learning theory and the institution theory, we find that dynamic capability theory can be the common logic line of syncretizing these theories, and bring forward that we can integrate these theories into dynamic capability theory and study the formation in a syncretized view of many knowledges. It is the academic base of the paper.
(3) Based on the dynamic capability theory, we study the formation process of the strategic network and the choice of its partners.
In the research of the formation process, we first put forward that the competitive advantages of the strategic network root in inner source and the out source, based on syncretizing the dyanmic capability theory and the business enterprise commpetitive advantage, then we find out the dynamic mechanism of combining these two kinds competitive advantages, after that we point out that the enterprises need the network capability as the dynamic capability to gain strategic netwrok competitive advantages, then we study the process of strategic network formation and its contents.
As the basic function of the partner choice in strategic networks formation, this paper puts forward a new method of partner choosing different from traditional methods, and sum up the rules of choice of network nodes, then design the partner choice mechanism based on reputation using the repeated game theory and principal-agent theory.
(4) Based on revealing the rules of how the strategic network happens and develop, this paper researches the problems of how to govern the strategic network.
First, we analyze the rules of how the dyadic cooperation and the colonial cooperation happen and evolve, then we put forward the mechanisms of strategic network government, such as motivity mechanism, learning mechanism, matching mechanism, trust mechanism and encouragement mechanism. We also find that the criterions are effective on the strategic network government.
(5) In the end, we demonstrate these ideas by using the Neusoft Group's strategic network formation and government as a case to support our points of the main ideas of this paper.
本文系统吸收企业竞争优势理论、战略网络理论、社会经济学理论、动态能力理论和博弈理论等相关领域的研究成果,以动态能力观为融合这些理论的研究主线,将动态能力研究与战略网络研究这两个战略管理领域的前沿问题结合起来。
本文采用定性分析和定量分析相结合,规范分析和案例研究相结合的方法,试图对以下两个关键性问题进行较为系统的全面研究：①从动态能力的观点出发,探寻企业遵循动态能力观点,整合内外部资源,围绕自身发展构建战略网络,基于企业动态能力及战略网络动态能力的更新获取竞争优势。②揭示企业战略网络合作发生、发展的内在规律,在此基础上的找出战略网络治理中的关键机制,实现战略网络持续发展。围绕这两个关键性问题,论文的研究工作和内容主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)在对战略网络的内涵梳理的基础上,界定本研究中战略网络的基本内容。
在对不同研究视角和不同网络层次下战略网络的定义及内涵梳理的基础上,重新界定本研究中战略网络的定义,提出战略网络四层次分析框架,指出战略网络系统构成要素、战略网络的类型以及战略网络的功能等基本内容。
(2)以动态能力理论为逻辑主线,形成多学科战略网络融合研究的视角。
在对交易成本经济学、经济学社会理论、资源依赖理论、战略选择理论、利益相关者理论、组织学习理论、制度理论等理论关于网络构建问题进行剖析的基础上,发现动态能力理论可以成为融合这些网络构建理论的共同逻辑主线,提出从动态能力观来整合这几种理论,用多学科融合视角研究战略网络的构建问题,形成论文的理论基础。
(3)基于动态能力观,研究战略网络构建过程及战略网络合作伙伴的选择。
在战略网络构建过程研究中,首先在融合动态能力理论和企业竞争优势理论研究的基础上,提出战略网络竞争优势的来源有两个：内在性来源和动态性来源,并找出整合这两种竞争优势的动态机制；其后,提出获取战略网络竞争优势所需要的动态能力——企业网络能力；此后,从产生动态能力的战略管理过程入手,提出战略网络构建过程和构建内容。
战略网络合作伙伴的选择是战略网络构建的微观基础,本文在对传统选择合作伙伴的传统方法进行批判的基础上,提出选择合作伙伴新思路,归纳得出战略网络节点选择原则,利用重复博弈理论和委托代理理论,设计了基于声誉的战略网络合作伙伴选择机制。
(4)以揭示战略网络合作发生、发展规律为基础,提出战略网络治理问题。
首先,在利用博弈理论对战略网络合作的二元合作和群体合作的产生及演化机理进行分析,然后,提出战略网络治理问题的特点,其后,提出战略网络动力机制、学习机制、匹配机制、信任机制以及激励机制,指出规范对战略网络治理中的作用。最后,以东软集团的战略网络构建与治理为案例,对本文提出的基于动态能力观的战略网络构建与治理框架进行了实证研究,佐证和支持了论文的主题思想和理论观点。
(5)以东软集团的战略网络构建与治理实践,验证论文的观点。
Along with the quick propulsion of the economic globalization and the new technique revolution tide, leading companies, particularly in dynamic industries, have increasingly used different kinds of cooperative interorganizational relationships to form their strategic networks, to improve their resource endowment and to master strategic uncertainty better than their competitors. As a result, many firms today are embedded in a dense network of interorganizational relationships with customers, suppliers, competetitors, and complementors. Strategic networks are therefore recognized as an increasingly important source of competitive advantage and superior performance. Consequently, the configuration and governance of the strategic networks become important strategic issues for firms.
This paper systematically absorbs the research result of the related realms, such as business enterprise competitive advantage theories, strategic network theories, sociallly economic network theories, dynamic capability theories and game theories etc, and then sets up a main research line to syncretize these theories based on dynamic capability theories, combining the strategic network theories and the dynamic capability theories which are the two leading edges in the strategic management field.
Combining theoretical analysis with case study and combining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, the thesis tries to solve the following two key problems:①In view of dynamic capability, how can the enterprises set up their strategic networks to gain competitive advantage by syncretizing their inside and outside resources, by updating their dynamic capabilities and their strategic networks'dynamic capabilities.②Revealing corporate strategy and development of the inherent laws, on the basis of the strategic network to identify the key governance mechanism, to achive a strategic network of sustainalbe development. Centering on these two problems, the paper studies the following research tasks:
(1) Based on analyzing the definitions of strategic network, we nail down the basic content of strategic network in this research.
Based on analyzing the definitions and the connotations of strategic network in different research views and in different network levels, this study redefines the defination of strategic network, and put forward the four-level-analysis frame, and point out the basic contents of the strategic network system, such as its inscape, its type and its function.
(2) Based on the main logic line of dynamic capability theory, we form a systematic analytical framework syncretized many fields in study of strategic network.
After analyzing the relative theories on network formation, such as the transaction cost economics, the social economics, the resource-based theory, the strategic choice theory, the relative benefitors theory, the organization learning theory and the institution theory, we find that dynamic capability theory can be the common logic line of syncretizing these theories, and bring forward that we can integrate these theories into dynamic capability theory and study the formation in a syncretized view of many knowledges. It is the academic base of the paper.
(3) Based on the dynamic capability theory, we study the formation process of the strategic network and the choice of its partners.
In the research of the formation process, we first put forward that the competitive advantages of the strategic network root in inner source and the out source, based on syncretizing the dyanmic capability theory and the business enterprise commpetitive advantage, then we find out the dynamic mechanism of combining these two kinds competitive advantages, after that we point out that the enterprises need the network capability as the dynamic capability to gain strategic netwrok competitive advantages, then we study the process of strategic network formation and its contents.
As the basic function of the partner choice in strategic networks formation, this paper puts forward a new method of partner choosing different from traditional methods, and sum up the rules of choice of network nodes, then design the partner choice mechanism based on reputation using the repeated game theory and principal-agent theory.
(4) Based on revealing the rules of how the strategic network happens and develop, this paper researches the problems of how to govern the strategic network.
First, we analyze the rules of how the dyadic cooperation and the colonial cooperation happen and evolve, then we put forward the mechanisms of strategic network government, such as motivity mechanism, learning mechanism, matching mechanism, trust mechanism and encouragement mechanism. We also find that the criterions are effective on the strategic network government.
(5) In the end, we demonstrate these ideas by using the Neusoft Group's strategic network formation and government as a case to support our points of the main ideas of this paper.
引文
1 转引自李新春,战略联盟、网络与信任,2006：6-7
②转引自Ritter T, Gemunden H.G (2003), P691
③转引自Ritter T, Gemunden H.G (2003), P691
④转引自：Walter, A., Muller T.A., Helfert, G.,&Ritter, T.(2003).Fuctions of industrial supplier relationships and their impact on relationship quality.Industrial Marketing Management, (32):160-161
⑤转引自Ritter T., Gemunden H.G.(2003), P693
⑥转引自李新春,《战略联盟、网络与信任》2006
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