知识共享与组织学习对供应链企业间研发合作绩效的影响研究
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摘要
随着新产品生命周期的缩短和市场竞争的加剧，企业自主研究开发的不确定性越来越大，企业仅仅依靠自己的研发力量已经无法适应消费者快速变化的需求。尽管研发联盟得到了空前增长，但实际上其绩效是相当低的，国外的调查显示，联盟失败率高达40-70％。因此对于企业研发合作绩效影响因素的研究具有重要的现实意义。合作研发的实质是合作伙伴在新产品研发过程中知识的共享与学习。目前关于研发合作企业间的知识共享与组织学习还缺乏较为系统的理论研究，因此研究知识共享与组织学习对供应链企业间合作研发绩效的影响具有十分重要的理论与实践意义。
论文的研究方法采用的是国外管理学界实证研究领域十分流行的调查法，即以调查问卷的形式进行数据收集，进而用管理统计方法对数据进行分析处理，验证假设并得出一般性结论。首先通过对国内外相关文献的研究，形成关于供应链企业间知识共享、组织学习与研发合作绩效关系的初始问卷。问卷使用Likert5分法评分。通过问卷预测试，对问卷指标和设计进行了调整，形成正式问卷。最后，将正式问卷的测试数据用于结构方程模型分析，使用Amos5.0检验论文提出的假设模型。结果显示，所有的情境因素均对知识共享、组织学习与研发合作绩效三者的关系有显著影响。
综上所述，论文在借鉴国内外相关理论的基础上，运用Survey、探索性因子分析、结构方程模型等实证研究方法，提出了一个衡量企业知识共享程度、组织学习能力以及研发合作绩效的指标体系，并探讨了在情境因素的作用下，知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效之间的关系是否存在显著性差异。据此，本研究可以指导企业通过有效的知识共享与组织学习来提升企业研发合作绩效和保证企业在未来的市场竞争中保持其竞争优势，具有一定的现实意义。同时，在考虑情境因素的基础上，本研究建立了一个能够反映知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效三者之间关系的完整理论框架，可以弥补现有相关研究的不足。
With the shortened life cycle of new products and the intensified market competition, the uncertainty of independent R&D in enterprises becomes greater and greater. R&D on one's own way hasn't met the changeable demand of consumers yet. In fact, its performance is quite low though R&D alliance has been increased unprecedentedly. Foreign investigation reveals that the lost ratio of alliance is up to 40%-70%. It is very important for enterprises to do research on the impact factors of R&D cooperative performance. The essence of R&D cooperation is that cooperative partners' to share and study the knowledge in the process of new product R&D. Because of the lack of systematic theoretical research on knowledge sharing and organizational learning, it has realistic and empirical meanings to study on the effect of knowledge sharing and organizational learning on R&D cooperative performance in supply chain at present.
The thesis uses the survey method which is popular in the field of empirical research abroad, namely collecting data by means of questionnaire, analyzing and handling the data by the method of management statistics, and then testing the supposition and educing the conclusions. Initial questionnaire about the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational learning and R&D cooperative performance in supply chain is formed by reviewing relevant literatures in domestic and international. Five-point Likert Scale is used to grade the measures. The formal questionnaire is formed by the way of adjusting the measures after the pre-test. Finally, structural equation model is used to analyze the data in formal questionnaire and the supposed model is tested by using Amos5.0. The conclusion shows that all contextual factors have significant effect on the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational learning and R&D cooperative performance.
As mentioned above, based on the relevant theories about knowledge sharing, organization learning and R&D cooperation and by means of survey, exploratory factor analysis, structural equation model, the thesis puts up with an index system to describe the structure of knowledge sharing, organization learning and R&D cooperative performance, and then discuss whether the effect of contextual factors on the relationship between knowledge sharing, organization learning and R&D cooperative performance has significant difference. In view of the above, this research can instruct enterprise to promote the R&D cooperative performance and guarantee enterprise to keep their competitive advantage in future market competition by effective knowledge sharing and organizational learning. At the same time, on the basis of considering contextual factors, this research has established an intact theory frame which can reflect the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational learning and R&D cooperative performance to make up the shortage of existing research.
论文的研究方法采用的是国外管理学界实证研究领域十分流行的调查法，即以调查问卷的形式进行数据收集，进而用管理统计方法对数据进行分析处理，验证假设并得出一般性结论。首先通过对国内外相关文献的研究，形成关于供应链企业间知识共享、组织学习与研发合作绩效关系的初始问卷。问卷使用Likert5分法评分。通过问卷预测试，对问卷指标和设计进行了调整，形成正式问卷。最后，将正式问卷的测试数据用于结构方程模型分析，使用Amos5.0检验论文提出的假设模型。结果显示，所有的情境因素均对知识共享、组织学习与研发合作绩效三者的关系有显著影响。
综上所述，论文在借鉴国内外相关理论的基础上，运用Survey、探索性因子分析、结构方程模型等实证研究方法，提出了一个衡量企业知识共享程度、组织学习能力以及研发合作绩效的指标体系，并探讨了在情境因素的作用下，知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效之间的关系是否存在显著性差异。据此，本研究可以指导企业通过有效的知识共享与组织学习来提升企业研发合作绩效和保证企业在未来的市场竞争中保持其竞争优势，具有一定的现实意义。同时，在考虑情境因素的基础上，本研究建立了一个能够反映知识共享、组织学习和研发合作绩效三者之间关系的完整理论框架，可以弥补现有相关研究的不足。
With the shortened life cycle of new products and the intensified market competition, the uncertainty of independent R&D in enterprises becomes greater and greater. R&D on one's own way hasn't met the changeable demand of consumers yet. In fact, its performance is quite low though R&D alliance has been increased unprecedentedly. Foreign investigation reveals that the lost ratio of alliance is up to 40%-70%. It is very important for enterprises to do research on the impact factors of R&D cooperative performance. The essence of R&D cooperation is that cooperative partners' to share and study the knowledge in the process of new product R&D. Because of the lack of systematic theoretical research on knowledge sharing and organizational learning, it has realistic and empirical meanings to study on the effect of knowledge sharing and organizational learning on R&D cooperative performance in supply chain at present.
The thesis uses the survey method which is popular in the field of empirical research abroad, namely collecting data by means of questionnaire, analyzing and handling the data by the method of management statistics, and then testing the supposition and educing the conclusions. Initial questionnaire about the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational learning and R&D cooperative performance in supply chain is formed by reviewing relevant literatures in domestic and international. Five-point Likert Scale is used to grade the measures. The formal questionnaire is formed by the way of adjusting the measures after the pre-test. Finally, structural equation model is used to analyze the data in formal questionnaire and the supposed model is tested by using Amos5.0. The conclusion shows that all contextual factors have significant effect on the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational learning and R&D cooperative performance.
As mentioned above, based on the relevant theories about knowledge sharing, organization learning and R&D cooperation and by means of survey, exploratory factor analysis, structural equation model, the thesis puts up with an index system to describe the structure of knowledge sharing, organization learning and R&D cooperative performance, and then discuss whether the effect of contextual factors on the relationship between knowledge sharing, organization learning and R&D cooperative performance has significant difference. In view of the above, this research can instruct enterprise to promote the R&D cooperative performance and guarantee enterprise to keep their competitive advantage in future market competition by effective knowledge sharing and organizational learning. At the same time, on the basis of considering contextual factors, this research has established an intact theory frame which can reflect the relationship between knowledge sharing, organizational learning and R&D cooperative performance to make up the shortage of existing research.
引文
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