电子商务环境下的供应链管理研究
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摘要
近年来，对于供应链管理的研究已成为管理科学研究的热点领域，相关成果不
断涌现。另一方面，由于市场全球化程度加深，竞争日益激烈，企业的规模日趋庞大，而
用户需求的不确定性和个性化不断增加，产品寿命周期缩短，这就要求企业管理者必须对
传统的管理思想和运作模式做出创新性的变革。电子商务就是在这种环境下应运而生的一
种新型企业经营思想。电子商务是信息技术与现代企业经营活动结合的产物，而信息技术
正是供应链管理的实施基础之一。鉴于此，我们对电子商务环境下的供应链管理进行了研
究。本文从供应链管理的角度剖析了电子商务的涵义，探讨了电子商务对供应链管理的影
响，其中着重探讨了供应链信息流网络的建立、企业资源计划（ERP）以及客户关系管理
（CRM）。通过分析，我们认为电子商务对供应链管理的影响主要体现在两个方面：首先
是各种先进技术尤其是IT的运用使得供应链的运作和管理手段变得强有力和丰富；其次是
电子商务使得供应链的管理思想发生了巨大的变革，这主要体现在以顾客需求为导向的经
营模式的出现之上。接下来我们对三个案例进行了分析。最后对若干有待深入研究的问题
进行了展望。
The study on supply chain management (SCM) has been a hot area of the
management science and many achievements have aroused in recent years. On the other hand, the
global market, the drastic competition and the giant enterprise scale bring a innovative
transformation of the traditional management thoughts and operation models of enterprise
management, which causes the generation of electronic commerce (EC). EC is the result of the
combination of information technology (IT) and operation of modem enterprises. At the same
time, information technology is one of the bases of SCM. Considering that, we study on the
Supply Chain Management under the Circumstance of Electronic Conunerce. In the paper. we
analyse the meaning of EC and the influence of EC on SCM, and put emphasis on the building of
information flow net for the SCM, enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship
management (CRM). The results show that the influence of EC on SCM mainly lies in the
following two aspects: One is that the way of operation and management of modem enterprises
become more powerful and full of diversity because of the use of advance technologies, especially
information technology. The other is that electronic commerce causes the huge transformation of
the thoughts of enterprise management, which mainly lie in the appearance of customer-demand-
oriented operation model and the widely use of supply chain management. Then we analyse three
cases. At last we prospect some issues which need studying deeply.
断涌现。另一方面，由于市场全球化程度加深，竞争日益激烈，企业的规模日趋庞大，而
用户需求的不确定性和个性化不断增加，产品寿命周期缩短，这就要求企业管理者必须对
传统的管理思想和运作模式做出创新性的变革。电子商务就是在这种环境下应运而生的一
种新型企业经营思想。电子商务是信息技术与现代企业经营活动结合的产物，而信息技术
正是供应链管理的实施基础之一。鉴于此，我们对电子商务环境下的供应链管理进行了研
究。本文从供应链管理的角度剖析了电子商务的涵义，探讨了电子商务对供应链管理的影
响，其中着重探讨了供应链信息流网络的建立、企业资源计划（ERP）以及客户关系管理
（CRM）。通过分析，我们认为电子商务对供应链管理的影响主要体现在两个方面：首先
是各种先进技术尤其是IT的运用使得供应链的运作和管理手段变得强有力和丰富；其次是
电子商务使得供应链的管理思想发生了巨大的变革，这主要体现在以顾客需求为导向的经
营模式的出现之上。接下来我们对三个案例进行了分析。最后对若干有待深入研究的问题
进行了展望。
The study on supply chain management (SCM) has been a hot area of the
management science and many achievements have aroused in recent years. On the other hand, the
global market, the drastic competition and the giant enterprise scale bring a innovative
transformation of the traditional management thoughts and operation models of enterprise
management, which causes the generation of electronic commerce (EC). EC is the result of the
combination of information technology (IT) and operation of modem enterprises. At the same
time, information technology is one of the bases of SCM. Considering that, we study on the
Supply Chain Management under the Circumstance of Electronic Conunerce. In the paper. we
analyse the meaning of EC and the influence of EC on SCM, and put emphasis on the building of
information flow net for the SCM, enterprise resource planning (ERP) and customer relationship
management (CRM). The results show that the influence of EC on SCM mainly lies in the
following two aspects: One is that the way of operation and management of modem enterprises
become more powerful and full of diversity because of the use of advance technologies, especially
information technology. The other is that electronic commerce causes the huge transformation of
the thoughts of enterprise management, which mainly lie in the appearance of customer-demand-
oriented operation model and the widely use of supply chain management. Then we analyse three
cases. At last we prospect some issues which need studying deeply.
引文
[1] Fawcett S E.Using strategic assessment to increase the value-added capabilities of manufacturing and logistics. Production and Inventory Management Joural, 1995, 33-37
[2] Goldman Steven, Nagel Roger. Agile competitors and virtual organizations. New York: Kenneth Press. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995
[3] Lee Hau et al. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management Science, 1997,43 (4)
[4] Thomas Douglas J, Griffin Paul M, Coordinated supply chain management. European Journal of Operations Research, 1996,94
[5] Rogers D F, Tsubakitani S. Newsboy-style results for multi-echelon inventory problems: Back-orders optimization with intermediate delays. Journal of the OR Society, 1991,42 (1)
[6] Lau H, Lau A H-L. Coordinating two suppliers with offsetting lead time and price performance. Journal of Operations Management, 1994, 11
[7] Clark A J.Scarf H. Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem. Management Science, 1960,6
[8] Kohli R, Park H. Coordination Buyer-seller transactions across multiple products. Mangement Science, 1994, 40
[9] Banerjee A. A joint economic lot size model for purchaser and vendor. Decision Scinece, 1993, 39 (8)
[10] Rotirni Aderohunmu, Ayodele Mobolurin and Noel Bryson. Joint Vender-buyer Policy in JIT Manufacturing. Journal of the Operational Research Scoiety. 1995,46
[11] Robert J. Vokurka. Supplier Partnerships: A Case Study. Production and Inventory Management Journal-First Quarter. 1998
[12] Rhonda R.Lummus,Robert J Vokurka.Karen L.Alber. Strategic Supply Chain Planning. Production and Inventory Management Journal-Third Quarter. 1998
[13] Christine Jones,Jeff Clark. Effectiveness framework for supply chain management. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems. Vol.3 No.4 1990
[14] Stephen C.Graves,Divid B.Kletter, William B. Hetzel. AdynamicModel for Requiremnets Planning with Application to Supply Chain Optimizaiton. Operations Research, Vol.41 No.5 September-Octber 1993
[15] Moris A. Cohen, Hau L.Lee. Strategic Analysis of Integrated Production Distribution System: Models and Methods. Operations Research .Vol 36 No.2 March-April 1988
[16] Bruce C. Amtzen,Gerald G.Brown,etc. Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation. Interfaces 25:1 January-February 1995
[17] Carlos J.Vidal, Marc Goetschalckx. Strategic Production-Distribution Models: A Critical Review with Emphasis on Global Supply Chain Models. European Journal of Operational Research. 1997-98
[18] G.J. Van Houtum, K.Inderfurth,W.H.Zijm. Material Coordination in Stochastic Multi-echelon Systems. European Journal of Operational Research. 1996-95
[19] J.Wikner, D.R. Towill & M.Naim. Smoothing supply chain dynamics.
[20] David P.Christy, John R. Grout. Safeguarding supply chain relationships. International Journal of Production Economics. 1994-36
[21] Todd R. Hammel,Laura Rock Kopczak. Tightening the Supply Chain. Production and Inventory Management Journal-Second Quarter, 1993
[22] Charles A. Weber, John R.Current,W. Benton. Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods. European Jorunal of Research. 1991-50
[23] Jan Holmstrom. Implementing Vender-Managed Inventor the Efficient Way: a Case Study of Partnership in the Supply Chain. Production and Inventory Management Journal-Third Quarter. 1998
[24] Kalakota R. and A.B. Whinston. Frontiers of Electronic Commerce. Reading,Mass.:Addison-Wesley. 1996
[25] Steinfeld C.R.Kraut, A.Plummer. the Impact of Interoganizationl Networks on Buyer-Seller relationships. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication. Vol.1,No.3． 1995
[26] Radosevich L.. the Once and Future EDI. CIO. December 15,1996-January 1,1997
[27] Bhimani A. Securing the Commercial Internet. Communications of the ACM, June 1996．
[28] Borenstein N.S. et al. Perils and Pitfalls of Practical Cybercommerce.Communications of the ACM. June 1996
[29] Williamson S. and R. Wright. Barter and Monetary Exchange Under Private Information. Amercian Electronic Review. 84(1)
[30] Keller A.M. Smart Catalogs and Virtual Catalogs. Reading in Electronic Commerce, Chapter 11． Reading, Mass.:Adding-Wesley
[31] Taylor J. A. Federal Lawmakers Plan Bill to Ban New Internet Taxes. Investor's Business Daily, Section A9． January 29, 1997
[32] Richard B Chase, Nicholas J. Aquilano, F. Robert Jacobs. Produciton and Operation Management: manufacturing and services.机械工业出版社．1998
[33] 汪云峰．马士华．支持供应链管理的信息系统．计算机系统应用．1998年第7期
[34] 蓝伯雄，郑晓娜，徐心．电子商务时代的供应链管理．中国管理科学．2000年第3 期
[35] 陈晓红，刘蓓林．B2B的电子商务与供应链管理．2000年第四期
[36] 高国栋．IT与供应链管理．计算机系统应用．2000年第1期
[37] 孙元欣．SCM供应链管理及其对流通业的影响．2000年第3期
[38] 林勇，马士华．供应链管理(SCM)与信息技术(IT)．管理现代化．2000年第2 期
[39] 单汨源，孙亚．供应链及其应用研究．中南大学学报(社会科学版)．2000年第3 期
[40] 林勇；马士华．集成化供应链管理．工业工程与管理．1998年第5期
[41] 陈安，刘鲁．供应链管理问题的研究现状及挑战．系统工程学报．2000年第2期
[42] 叶杰刚．国内外物流理论研究概况．经济学动态．2000年第11期
[43] 陈志祥，马士华等．敏捷化供应链系统的分析、设计与重构．管理工程学报．2001年 第一期
[44] 陈志祥，马士华等．供应链企业间的合作与委托实现机制问题．科研管理．1999年 第六期
[45] 肖渡，沈群红．合作网络形成的理论探讨及其意义．管理工程学报．2000年第1期
[46] 迟晓英，宣国良.价值链研究发展综述．外国经济与管理．2000年第1期
[47] 张建民．市场经济微观经济重建--论构建适合中国国有企业的委托一代理关系． 经济问题研究．1998{5)
[48] 但斌，张旭梅．面向供应链的合作计划、预测与补给．工业工程．1999年第2期
[49] 于晓军．刘英姿．供应链组织模型及评价指标．htcp：//www．cimsnet.com
[50] 陈剑．提升供应链管理．计算机世界．1999年第17期
[51] 张铎．电子商务与物流．北京：清华大学出版社．2000．
[52] 钱颂迪主编．运筹学．北京：清华大学出版社．1995．
[53] 严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构．北京：清华大学出版社．1994．
[54] 李英凡．基于供应链系统的物流策略分析．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．1999
[55] 童利忠．敏捷制造环境下供应链管理建模理论与应用的研究．西南交通大学博士学 位论文．1999
[56] 傅翀，唐小我．供应链管理中的信息流网络．电子科技大学学报(社科版)2001年 第3期(即出)
[57] Soon-Yong Choi，Dale O．Stahl，Andrew B．Whinston．张大力等译．电子商务经济学． 电子工业出版社．2000
[58] 马士华．林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．机械工业出版社．2000
[59] Gray P．Schneider, James T.Perry,成栋，李进等译．机械工业出版社．2000
[60] Ravi Kalakota, Andrew B．Whinston．陈雪美译．电子商务管理指南．清华大学出版社． 2000
[61] 863计划CIMS课题研究介绍．计算机世界．2001年第8期．B14-B15
[62] 朱冠舟．ERP的六大核心思想．计算机世界．．计算机世界．2001年第17期．C6
[63] 徐少春．电子商务，从企业基础管理信息化做起．计算机世界．2000年第47期．A20
[64] 田同生．企业如何实施CRM．计算机世界．计算机世界．2000年第19期．B
[65] http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user-surveys
[66] http://www.counsel.com/spotlight/scient.html
[67] http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/survey/index.html
[68] http://www.cyberatlas.com/wip2． html
[69] http://www.systop.com.cn/kehu/crm.htm&word=CRM
[70] http://www.webmaster.com.cn/market/sale/CRM-zl/crm-wz-05． htm
[71] http://www.e-works.net.cn/glxt/crml27． htm&word=CRM
[72] http://www.cnnobel.com
[73] http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/biblio.html
[2] Goldman Steven, Nagel Roger. Agile competitors and virtual organizations. New York: Kenneth Press. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995
[3] Lee Hau et al. Information distortion in a supply chain: the bullwhip effect. Management Science, 1997,43 (4)
[4] Thomas Douglas J, Griffin Paul M, Coordinated supply chain management. European Journal of Operations Research, 1996,94
[5] Rogers D F, Tsubakitani S. Newsboy-style results for multi-echelon inventory problems: Back-orders optimization with intermediate delays. Journal of the OR Society, 1991,42 (1)
[6] Lau H, Lau A H-L. Coordinating two suppliers with offsetting lead time and price performance. Journal of Operations Management, 1994, 11
[7] Clark A J.Scarf H. Optimal policies for a multi-echelon inventory problem. Management Science, 1960,6
[8] Kohli R, Park H. Coordination Buyer-seller transactions across multiple products. Mangement Science, 1994, 40
[9] Banerjee A. A joint economic lot size model for purchaser and vendor. Decision Scinece, 1993, 39 (8)
[10] Rotirni Aderohunmu, Ayodele Mobolurin and Noel Bryson. Joint Vender-buyer Policy in JIT Manufacturing. Journal of the Operational Research Scoiety. 1995,46
[11] Robert J. Vokurka. Supplier Partnerships: A Case Study. Production and Inventory Management Journal-First Quarter. 1998
[12] Rhonda R.Lummus,Robert J Vokurka.Karen L.Alber. Strategic Supply Chain Planning. Production and Inventory Management Journal-Third Quarter. 1998
[13] Christine Jones,Jeff Clark. Effectiveness framework for supply chain management. Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Systems. Vol.3 No.4 1990
[14] Stephen C.Graves,Divid B.Kletter, William B. Hetzel. AdynamicModel for Requiremnets Planning with Application to Supply Chain Optimizaiton. Operations Research, Vol.41 No.5 September-Octber 1993
[15] Moris A. Cohen, Hau L.Lee. Strategic Analysis of Integrated Production Distribution System: Models and Methods. Operations Research .Vol 36 No.2 March-April 1988
[16] Bruce C. Amtzen,Gerald G.Brown,etc. Global Supply Chain Management at Digital Equipment Corporation. Interfaces 25:1 January-February 1995
[17] Carlos J.Vidal, Marc Goetschalckx. Strategic Production-Distribution Models: A Critical Review with Emphasis on Global Supply Chain Models. European Journal of Operational Research. 1997-98
[18] G.J. Van Houtum, K.Inderfurth,W.H.Zijm. Material Coordination in Stochastic Multi-echelon Systems. European Journal of Operational Research. 1996-95
[19] J.Wikner, D.R. Towill & M.Naim. Smoothing supply chain dynamics.
[20] David P.Christy, John R. Grout. Safeguarding supply chain relationships. International Journal of Production Economics. 1994-36
[21] Todd R. Hammel,Laura Rock Kopczak. Tightening the Supply Chain. Production and Inventory Management Journal-Second Quarter, 1993
[22] Charles A. Weber, John R.Current,W. Benton. Vendor Selection Criteria and Methods. European Jorunal of Research. 1991-50
[23] Jan Holmstrom. Implementing Vender-Managed Inventor the Efficient Way: a Case Study of Partnership in the Supply Chain. Production and Inventory Management Journal-Third Quarter. 1998
[24] Kalakota R. and A.B. Whinston. Frontiers of Electronic Commerce. Reading,Mass.:Addison-Wesley. 1996
[25] Steinfeld C.R.Kraut, A.Plummer. the Impact of Interoganizationl Networks on Buyer-Seller relationships. Journal of Computer Mediated Communication. Vol.1,No.3． 1995
[26] Radosevich L.. the Once and Future EDI. CIO. December 15,1996-January 1,1997
[27] Bhimani A. Securing the Commercial Internet. Communications of the ACM, June 1996．
[28] Borenstein N.S. et al. Perils and Pitfalls of Practical Cybercommerce.Communications of the ACM. June 1996
[29] Williamson S. and R. Wright. Barter and Monetary Exchange Under Private Information. Amercian Electronic Review. 84(1)
[30] Keller A.M. Smart Catalogs and Virtual Catalogs. Reading in Electronic Commerce, Chapter 11． Reading, Mass.:Adding-Wesley
[31] Taylor J. A. Federal Lawmakers Plan Bill to Ban New Internet Taxes. Investor's Business Daily, Section A9． January 29, 1997
[32] Richard B Chase, Nicholas J. Aquilano, F. Robert Jacobs. Produciton and Operation Management: manufacturing and services.机械工业出版社．1998
[33] 汪云峰．马士华．支持供应链管理的信息系统．计算机系统应用．1998年第7期
[34] 蓝伯雄，郑晓娜，徐心．电子商务时代的供应链管理．中国管理科学．2000年第3 期
[35] 陈晓红，刘蓓林．B2B的电子商务与供应链管理．2000年第四期
[36] 高国栋．IT与供应链管理．计算机系统应用．2000年第1期
[37] 孙元欣．SCM供应链管理及其对流通业的影响．2000年第3期
[38] 林勇，马士华．供应链管理(SCM)与信息技术(IT)．管理现代化．2000年第2 期
[39] 单汨源，孙亚．供应链及其应用研究．中南大学学报(社会科学版)．2000年第3 期
[40] 林勇；马士华．集成化供应链管理．工业工程与管理．1998年第5期
[41] 陈安，刘鲁．供应链管理问题的研究现状及挑战．系统工程学报．2000年第2期
[42] 叶杰刚．国内外物流理论研究概况．经济学动态．2000年第11期
[43] 陈志祥，马士华等．敏捷化供应链系统的分析、设计与重构．管理工程学报．2001年 第一期
[44] 陈志祥，马士华等．供应链企业间的合作与委托实现机制问题．科研管理．1999年 第六期
[45] 肖渡，沈群红．合作网络形成的理论探讨及其意义．管理工程学报．2000年第1期
[46] 迟晓英，宣国良.价值链研究发展综述．外国经济与管理．2000年第1期
[47] 张建民．市场经济微观经济重建--论构建适合中国国有企业的委托一代理关系． 经济问题研究．1998{5)
[48] 但斌，张旭梅．面向供应链的合作计划、预测与补给．工业工程．1999年第2期
[49] 于晓军．刘英姿．供应链组织模型及评价指标．htcp：//www．cimsnet.com
[50] 陈剑．提升供应链管理．计算机世界．1999年第17期
[51] 张铎．电子商务与物流．北京：清华大学出版社．2000．
[52] 钱颂迪主编．运筹学．北京：清华大学出版社．1995．
[53] 严蔚敏，吴伟民．数据结构．北京：清华大学出版社．1994．
[54] 李英凡．基于供应链系统的物流策略分析．西南交通大学硕士学位论文．1999
[55] 童利忠．敏捷制造环境下供应链管理建模理论与应用的研究．西南交通大学博士学 位论文．1999
[56] 傅翀，唐小我．供应链管理中的信息流网络．电子科技大学学报(社科版)2001年 第3期(即出)
[57] Soon-Yong Choi，Dale O．Stahl，Andrew B．Whinston．张大力等译．电子商务经济学． 电子工业出版社．2000
[58] 马士华．林勇，陈志祥．供应链管理．机械工业出版社．2000
[59] Gray P．Schneider, James T.Perry,成栋，李进等译．机械工业出版社．2000
[60] Ravi Kalakota, Andrew B．Whinston．陈雪美译．电子商务管理指南．清华大学出版社． 2000
[61] 863计划CIMS课题研究介绍．计算机世界．2001年第8期．B14-B15
[62] 朱冠舟．ERP的六大核心思想．计算机世界．．计算机世界．2001年第17期．C6
[63] 徐少春．电子商务，从企业基础管理信息化做起．计算机世界．2000年第47期．A20
[64] 田同生．企业如何实施CRM．计算机世界．计算机世界．2000年第19期．B
[65] http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/user-surveys
[66] http://www.counsel.com/spotlight/scient.html
[67] http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/survey/index.html
[68] http://www.cyberatlas.com/wip2． html
[69] http://www.systop.com.cn/kehu/crm.htm&word=CRM
[70] http://www.webmaster.com.cn/market/sale/CRM-zl/crm-wz-05． htm
[71] http://www.e-works.net.cn/glxt/crml27． htm&word=CRM
[72] http://www.cnnobel.com
[73] http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/biblio.html