IEEE 802.16e中节能类型II的系统建模与性能分析
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摘要
为了提高移动终端的能量使用效率,支持无线宽带城域网的IEEE 802.16e标准提出了三种休眠模式。本文基于现代网络中的UGS(Unsolicited Grant Service)和RT-VR(Real-Time Variable Rate)类型的业务,对节能类型II进行了研究。
首先,基于经典的节能类型II的工作原理,将侦听窗口内传输数据帧之前的阶段抽象为唤醒延迟,传输数据帧的阶段抽象为忙期,建立带有唤醒延迟的多重休假排队模型,给出数据帧平均响应时间的表达式。将侦听窗口内传输数据帧的阶段抽象为一种特殊休假期,建立一种具有两种休假机制,且在一种休假机制内可以传输数据帧的多重休假排队模型,给出经典的节能类型II的性能指标表达式。
其次,为了避免休眠状态与唤醒状态之间的频繁切换,将休眠延迟机制引入到经典的节能类型II中,提出一种改进的节能类型II的休眠策略。建立带有休假延迟与唤醒延迟的多重休假排队模型,及带有休假延迟与两种休假机制,且在一种休假机制内可以传输数据帧的多重休假排队模型,给出改进的节能类型II的性能指标表达式。
最后,基于经典的节能类型II和改进的节能类型II,综合考虑能量节省率、系统切换率和数据帧平均响应时间等性能指标,分别建立成本函数,并给出休眠窗口的优化设置方案。通过数值例子,定量刻画了系统负载对性能指标的影响,通过系统仿真,验证改进的节能类型II的有效性。
To improve the energy efficiency of the mobile station, in wireless broadband metropolitan area network, IEEE 802.16e standard propose three kinds of sleep modes. In this paper, we study power saving class of type II, which is recommended for Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) and Real-Time Variable Rate (RT-VR) traffics in modern wireless network.
Firstly, according to the work principle of the conventional power saving class of type II, the time period before transmitting data frames in the listen window is seen as an awake-delay, and the time period for transmitting data frames is seen as a busy period, a multiple vacation queueing model with an awake-delay is built. The formula for the average response time of data frames is given. The time period for transmitting data frames in the listen window is seen as a special vacation, a multiple vacation queueing model with two kinds of vacation mechanisms, during one of the vacation mechanisms, some data frames could be transmitted. The performance measures for the conventional power saving class of type II are given.
Secondly, in order to avoid frequent switches between the awake state and the sleep state, we introduce a sleep-delay mechanism into the conventional power saving class of type II, and propose an enhanced power saving class of type II. Based on the multiple vacation queueing models used in the conventional power saving class of type II, we built two multiple vacation queueing models with vacation-delay. The performance measures for the enhanced power saving class of type II are given.
Finally, considering the energy saving ratio, the system handover and the average response time of data frames, two different cost functions are built to describe the conventional power saving class of type II and the enhanced power saving class of type II, respectively. The optimal value for the sleep window size is given. With numerical results, the influence of the system load on the system performance is numerically evaluated, and the validity of the enhanced power saving class of type II is verified.
首先,基于经典的节能类型II的工作原理,将侦听窗口内传输数据帧之前的阶段抽象为唤醒延迟,传输数据帧的阶段抽象为忙期,建立带有唤醒延迟的多重休假排队模型,给出数据帧平均响应时间的表达式。将侦听窗口内传输数据帧的阶段抽象为一种特殊休假期,建立一种具有两种休假机制,且在一种休假机制内可以传输数据帧的多重休假排队模型,给出经典的节能类型II的性能指标表达式。
其次,为了避免休眠状态与唤醒状态之间的频繁切换,将休眠延迟机制引入到经典的节能类型II中,提出一种改进的节能类型II的休眠策略。建立带有休假延迟与唤醒延迟的多重休假排队模型,及带有休假延迟与两种休假机制,且在一种休假机制内可以传输数据帧的多重休假排队模型,给出改进的节能类型II的性能指标表达式。
最后,基于经典的节能类型II和改进的节能类型II,综合考虑能量节省率、系统切换率和数据帧平均响应时间等性能指标,分别建立成本函数,并给出休眠窗口的优化设置方案。通过数值例子,定量刻画了系统负载对性能指标的影响,通过系统仿真,验证改进的节能类型II的有效性。
To improve the energy efficiency of the mobile station, in wireless broadband metropolitan area network, IEEE 802.16e standard propose three kinds of sleep modes. In this paper, we study power saving class of type II, which is recommended for Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) and Real-Time Variable Rate (RT-VR) traffics in modern wireless network.
Firstly, according to the work principle of the conventional power saving class of type II, the time period before transmitting data frames in the listen window is seen as an awake-delay, and the time period for transmitting data frames is seen as a busy period, a multiple vacation queueing model with an awake-delay is built. The formula for the average response time of data frames is given. The time period for transmitting data frames in the listen window is seen as a special vacation, a multiple vacation queueing model with two kinds of vacation mechanisms, during one of the vacation mechanisms, some data frames could be transmitted. The performance measures for the conventional power saving class of type II are given.
Secondly, in order to avoid frequent switches between the awake state and the sleep state, we introduce a sleep-delay mechanism into the conventional power saving class of type II, and propose an enhanced power saving class of type II. Based on the multiple vacation queueing models used in the conventional power saving class of type II, we built two multiple vacation queueing models with vacation-delay. The performance measures for the enhanced power saving class of type II are given.
Finally, considering the energy saving ratio, the system handover and the average response time of data frames, two different cost functions are built to describe the conventional power saving class of type II and the enhanced power saving class of type II, respectively. The optimal value for the sleep window size is given. With numerical results, the influence of the system load on the system performance is numerically evaluated, and the validity of the enhanced power saving class of type II is verified.
引文
1郎为民,刘波. WiMAX技术原理与应用.北京:机械工业出版社, 2008:104-109
2刘伟.宽带综合接入技术.北京:科学出版社, 2007:198-203
3刘波,安娜. WiMAX技术与应用详解.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007:165-256
4张智江,李正茂.宽带无线接入系统.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007:314-324
5郭世满,马蕴颖,郭苏宁.宽带接入技术及应用.北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2006:134-262
6唐雄燕,李建宇.宽带无线接入技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006:165-172
7董晓鲁,党梅梅,沈嘉. WiMAX技术、标准与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007:223-225
8田韬,张新程,周晓津. WiMAX 16e无线网络技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2009:209-229
9 802.16e-2005, I. S. Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems - Amendment 2: Physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands and corrigendum 1. IEEE Computer Society and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, New York, 2006
10刘晨,黄华.基于IEEE 802.16e的WiMAX移动性管理.通信技术, 2007, 40(9):23-25
11 Y. Xiao. Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE Communications Letters, 2005, 9(7):595-597
12 Y. Xiao. Performance Analysis of an Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. CCNC, Japan, 2006:406-410
13 L. Kong, D. Tsang. Performance Study of Power Saving Classes of Type I and II in IEEE 802.16e. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Tempa, 2006:20-27
14 G. Dong, J. Dai. Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Sleep Mode in IEEE 802.16e. Computer Engineering, 2007, 33(19):10-12
15 S. Zheng, K. Wang, S. Tsao and P. Lin. Enhanced Sleep Mode Operations for EnergySaving in IEEE 802.16e. LNCS, Heidelberg, 2007:261-272
16刘利,李津生,洪佩琳. IEEE 802.16e休眠模式算法的研究与改进.计算机学报, 2007, 30(1):146-152
17 J. Lee, D. Cho. An Optimal Power-Saving Class II for VoIP Traffic and Its Performance Evaluations in IEEE 802.16e. Computer Communications, 2008:3204-3208
18 Y. Chen, Shiao. Tsao. Energy-Efficient Sleep-Mode Operations for Broadband Wireless Access Systems. VTC-2006 Fall, Montreal, 2006:1-5
19 J. Lee, D. C.ho Performance Evaluation of Energy Saving Mechanism Based on Probabilistic Sleep Interval Decision Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2007, 56(4):1773-1780
20胥勋林,鲜继清,蒋龙龙,等. IEEE 802.16e宽带无线移动接入网络中休眠模式系统设计.重庆工学院学报, 2008, 22(3):9-14
21 S. Huang, R. Jan and C. Chen. Energy Efficient Scheduling with QoS Guarantee for IEEE 802.16e Broadband Wireless Access Networks. IWCMC, New York, 2007:547-552
22薛建彬,袁占亭.一种新颖的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制.兰州理工大学学报, 2008, 34(2):91-95
23薛建彬,朱延峰,袁占亭.一种适配数据速率的IEEE 802.16休眠机制算法.吉林大学学报, 2009, 39(2):519-524
24薛建彬,袁占亭,陈海燕,等.基于WIMAX网络的IEEE 802.16e PSC Type II休眠机制.兰州理工大学学报, 2009, 35(1):94-97
25 S. Baek, J. Son. Performance Analysis of Push-To-Talk over IEEE 802.16e with Sleep Mode and Idle Mode. Proc. of QTNA 2007, 2007:349-364
26 K. Han, S. Choi. Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. VTC2006-Spring, Melbourne, 2006:1141-1145
27 B. Lee, H. Lee. Cumulative-TIM Method for the Sleep Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. ICOIN 2006, Heidelberg, 2006:502-511
28 K. Han, S. Choi. Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16eMobile BroadBand Wireless Access Systems, Melbourne. IEEE VTC’2006-Spring, 2006:1141-1145
29 Y. Han, S. Min and D. Jeong. Performance Comparison of Sleep Mode Operations in IEEE 802.16e Terminals. ICCS 2007, LNCS 4490, 2007:441-448
30 B. Kim, J. Park and Y. Choi. Power Saving Mechanisms of IEEE 802.16e: Sleep Mode vs. Idle Mode. LNCS, Heidelberg, 2006:332-340
31 E. Hwang, B. Choi. A Survey on Power Saving Schemes in the IEEE 802.16e. QTNA2007, 2007:273-288
32 Y. Zhang, M. Fujise. Energy Management in the IEEE 802.16e MAC. IEEE Comunications Letters, 2006, 10(4):311-313
33 Z. Niu, Y. Zhu and V. Bentis. A Phase-Type Based Markov Chain Model for IEEE
802.16e Sleep Mode and Its Performance Analysis. Heidelberg, 2007:791-802
34 J. Xiao, S. Zou. B. Ren and S. Cheng. An Enhanced Energy Saving Scheme in Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. Heidelberg, 2006:81-92
35曹永绍,张春业,徐文静,等. IEEE 802.16e MAC层能量控制机制的研究.电气电子教学学报, 2007, 29(3):58-61
36黄福贵,益晓新,吴克军,等. 802.16e自适应侦听间隔节能模式.中山大学学报, 2006, 45(sup):10-13
37 K. Turck, S. Vuyst, D. Fiems and S. Wittevrongel. An Analytic Model of IEEE 802.16e Sleep Mode Operation with Correlated Traffic. LNCS, Heidelberg, 2007:109-120
38 M. Kim, J. Choi and M. Kang. Trade-off Guidelines for Power Management Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e MAC. Computer Communications, 2008, 31(10):2063-2070
39 M. Kim, J. Choi, T. Dinh and M. Kang. Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.16e Power Management for the Initiations of Awakeing. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 2007, 14(Supplement):55-58
40 Y. Zhang. Performance Modeling of Energy Management Mechanism in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX. WCNC, Kowloon, 2007:3205-3209
41 W. Liao, W. Yen. Power Saving Scheduling with a QoS Guarantee in a Mobile WiMAXSystem, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2009, 32(6):1144-1152
42 C. Chang, C. Huang. Fast and Secure Mobility for IEEE 802.16e Broadband Wireless Networks. ICPPW2007, Xian, 2007
43吕胜利,李静铂.关闭期和启动期的Geom/G/1排队的改进.通化师范学院学报, 2003, 24(4):13-16
44马占友,徐秀丽,田乃硕.多重休假的带启动-关闭期的Geom/G/1.运筹与管理, 2004, 13(5):21-25
45宋家友,姬建伟. IEEE 802.16e移动宽带无线接入技术.电视技术, 2005, (5):50-53
46谢希仁.计算机网络. 5.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008:36-62
47田乃硕,徐秀丽,马占友.离散时间排队论.北京:科学出版社, 2008:87-118
48孙荣恒,李建平.排队论基础.北京:科学出版社, 2002:122-233
49金顺福,霍占强.交换虚通道性能分析.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007:93-141
50陈怀琛. MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南. 3.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2007:5-20
2刘伟.宽带综合接入技术.北京:科学出版社, 2007:198-203
3刘波,安娜. WiMAX技术与应用详解.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007:165-256
4张智江,李正茂.宽带无线接入系统.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007:314-324
5郭世满,马蕴颖,郭苏宁.宽带接入技术及应用.北京:北京邮电大学出版社, 2006:134-262
6唐雄燕,李建宇.宽带无线接入技术及应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2006:165-172
7董晓鲁,党梅梅,沈嘉. WiMAX技术、标准与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2007:223-225
8田韬,张新程,周晓津. WiMAX 16e无线网络技术与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2009:209-229
9 802.16e-2005, I. S. Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems - Amendment 2: Physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands and corrigendum 1. IEEE Computer Society and the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society, New York, 2006
10刘晨,黄华.基于IEEE 802.16e的WiMAX移动性管理.通信技术, 2007, 40(9):23-25
11 Y. Xiao. Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. IEEE Communications Letters, 2005, 9(7):595-597
12 Y. Xiao. Performance Analysis of an Energy Saving Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. CCNC, Japan, 2006:406-410
13 L. Kong, D. Tsang. Performance Study of Power Saving Classes of Type I and II in IEEE 802.16e. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Tempa, 2006:20-27
14 G. Dong, J. Dai. Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Sleep Mode in IEEE 802.16e. Computer Engineering, 2007, 33(19):10-12
15 S. Zheng, K. Wang, S. Tsao and P. Lin. Enhanced Sleep Mode Operations for EnergySaving in IEEE 802.16e. LNCS, Heidelberg, 2007:261-272
16刘利,李津生,洪佩琳. IEEE 802.16e休眠模式算法的研究与改进.计算机学报, 2007, 30(1):146-152
17 J. Lee, D. Cho. An Optimal Power-Saving Class II for VoIP Traffic and Its Performance Evaluations in IEEE 802.16e. Computer Communications, 2008:3204-3208
18 Y. Chen, Shiao. Tsao. Energy-Efficient Sleep-Mode Operations for Broadband Wireless Access Systems. VTC-2006 Fall, Montreal, 2006:1-5
19 J. Lee, D. C.ho Performance Evaluation of Energy Saving Mechanism Based on Probabilistic Sleep Interval Decision Algorithm in IEEE 802.16e. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2007, 56(4):1773-1780
20胥勋林,鲜继清,蒋龙龙,等. IEEE 802.16e宽带无线移动接入网络中休眠模式系统设计.重庆工学院学报, 2008, 22(3):9-14
21 S. Huang, R. Jan and C. Chen. Energy Efficient Scheduling with QoS Guarantee for IEEE 802.16e Broadband Wireless Access Networks. IWCMC, New York, 2007:547-552
22薛建彬,袁占亭.一种新颖的IEEE 802.16e休眠机制.兰州理工大学学报, 2008, 34(2):91-95
23薛建彬,朱延峰,袁占亭.一种适配数据速率的IEEE 802.16休眠机制算法.吉林大学学报, 2009, 39(2):519-524
24薛建彬,袁占亭,陈海燕,等.基于WIMAX网络的IEEE 802.16e PSC Type II休眠机制.兰州理工大学学报, 2009, 35(1):94-97
25 S. Baek, J. Son. Performance Analysis of Push-To-Talk over IEEE 802.16e with Sleep Mode and Idle Mode. Proc. of QTNA 2007, 2007:349-364
26 K. Han, S. Choi. Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16e Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. VTC2006-Spring, Melbourne, 2006:1141-1145
27 B. Lee, H. Lee. Cumulative-TIM Method for the Sleep Mode in IEEE 802.16e Wireless MAN. ICOIN 2006, Heidelberg, 2006:502-511
28 K. Han, S. Choi. Performance Analysis of Sleep Mode Operation in IEEE 802.16eMobile BroadBand Wireless Access Systems, Melbourne. IEEE VTC’2006-Spring, 2006:1141-1145
29 Y. Han, S. Min and D. Jeong. Performance Comparison of Sleep Mode Operations in IEEE 802.16e Terminals. ICCS 2007, LNCS 4490, 2007:441-448
30 B. Kim, J. Park and Y. Choi. Power Saving Mechanisms of IEEE 802.16e: Sleep Mode vs. Idle Mode. LNCS, Heidelberg, 2006:332-340
31 E. Hwang, B. Choi. A Survey on Power Saving Schemes in the IEEE 802.16e. QTNA2007, 2007:273-288
32 Y. Zhang, M. Fujise. Energy Management in the IEEE 802.16e MAC. IEEE Comunications Letters, 2006, 10(4):311-313
33 Z. Niu, Y. Zhu and V. Bentis. A Phase-Type Based Markov Chain Model for IEEE
802.16e Sleep Mode and Its Performance Analysis. Heidelberg, 2007:791-802
34 J. Xiao, S. Zou. B. Ren and S. Cheng. An Enhanced Energy Saving Scheme in Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems. Heidelberg, 2006:81-92
35曹永绍,张春业,徐文静,等. IEEE 802.16e MAC层能量控制机制的研究.电气电子教学学报, 2007, 29(3):58-61
36黄福贵,益晓新,吴克军,等. 802.16e自适应侦听间隔节能模式.中山大学学报, 2006, 45(sup):10-13
37 K. Turck, S. Vuyst, D. Fiems and S. Wittevrongel. An Analytic Model of IEEE 802.16e Sleep Mode Operation with Correlated Traffic. LNCS, Heidelberg, 2007:109-120
38 M. Kim, J. Choi and M. Kang. Trade-off Guidelines for Power Management Mechanism in the IEEE 802.16e MAC. Computer Communications, 2008, 31(10):2063-2070
39 M. Kim, J. Choi, T. Dinh and M. Kang. Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.16e Power Management for the Initiations of Awakeing. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications, 2007, 14(Supplement):55-58
40 Y. Zhang. Performance Modeling of Energy Management Mechanism in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX. WCNC, Kowloon, 2007:3205-3209
41 W. Liao, W. Yen. Power Saving Scheduling with a QoS Guarantee in a Mobile WiMAXSystem, Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2009, 32(6):1144-1152
42 C. Chang, C. Huang. Fast and Secure Mobility for IEEE 802.16e Broadband Wireless Networks. ICPPW2007, Xian, 2007
43吕胜利,李静铂.关闭期和启动期的Geom/G/1排队的改进.通化师范学院学报, 2003, 24(4):13-16
44马占友,徐秀丽,田乃硕.多重休假的带启动-关闭期的Geom/G/1.运筹与管理, 2004, 13(5):21-25
45宋家友,姬建伟. IEEE 802.16e移动宽带无线接入技术.电视技术, 2005, (5):50-53
46谢希仁.计算机网络. 5.北京:电子工业出版社, 2008:36-62
47田乃硕,徐秀丽,马占友.离散时间排队论.北京:科学出版社, 2008:87-118
48孙荣恒,李建平.排队论基础.北京:科学出版社, 2002:122-233
49金顺福,霍占强.交换虚通道性能分析.北京:电子工业出版社, 2007:93-141
50陈怀琛. MATLAB及其在理工课程中的应用指南. 3.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2007:5-20