光与无线融合宽带接入网中的智能管控技术研究
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摘要
随着全业务和互联网的迅速发展,用户对多媒体应用如高清电视、视频点播等高速率、大带宽、高质量业务的需求日益增长。同时,在移动业务的推动下,用户提出了全覆盖、移动性等接入灵活、应用便利的需求。用户对信息通信的需求越来越多样化,业务应用也趋于多媒体化,需要综合的宽带化网络来满足用户需求。接入需求的多样性、接入环境的复杂性,以及无线接入在带宽和传输距离之间的矛盾,决定了无线依托于光,无线接入和光接入共存、互补,光与无线融合的发展趋势。另一方面,随着网络规模的不断扩大和业务提供多样性的增强,网络智能化逐渐向网络边缘和业务层延伸的全网智能化方向演进,进而对宽带接入网在业务提供的差异化和智能化以及管控技术的灵活性和动态性等方面提出了挑战。
“光与无线接入”结合光通信与无线通信两者的优势,实现了动态、灵活、宽带的信息接入。本文针对光通信和无线通信两者之间良好的互补特性,提出了一种基于以太网无源光网络(EPON)技术和无线局域网技术WLAN(IEEE802.11)的融合宽带接入组网方案。基于EPON和WLAN的融合组网方案,本论文对融合宽带接入网中的智能管控技术展开了深入研究,主要包括分布式异构环境下的业务切换机制、基于动态资源分配和联合路由算法的保护机制及节能管理机制等几个方面。本论文的主要研究成果和创新点如下：
1.针对网络技术和电信业务的复杂性和多样性,深入研究了光与无线融合的网络结构,提出和设计了一种基于以太网无源光网络(EPON)技术和无线局域网技术WLAN (IEEE802.11)的联合绍网方案。该方案依赖于两种网络技术的互补特性,基于联合组网资源调度与网络优化技术,实现了无线网络部分和光网络部分的信息交互和功能协作,提供动态、灵活、宽带的信息接入,有利于未来全业务运营,降低投资和运营成本,并提供更好的服务。
2.针对融合接入网络中移动用户对于连续性服务的要求,提出了一种基于用户位置管理和网络资源动态分配的业务切换机制,该机翩包括用户位置管理、网络资源动态分配和配置两部分。其中用户位置管理机制针对复杂网络环境,提出了一种环境感知距离无关的定位算法(EARL),该算法可以有效克服无线信号在复杂网络环境中的不规则传输,减少定位误差。与现有的定位算法Dv-hop和CDL相比,该算法具有更高的定位精度。另外,为了实现业务在用户层的无缝切换和网络资源的动态分配,设计和开发了一个中间件(middleware)结构来支持融合网络环境下的用户移动性,以保证当用户的物理环境发生变化时保持用户的逻辑业务环境不变,保障业务的差异性,提高网络资源的利用率
3.针对融合网络中的生存性和故障管理,提出了一种基于无线Mesh技术的无线保护切换机制。当网络发生故障时,该机制根据网络拓扑、可用资源、业务配置等信息,利用无线Mesh网络的自组织网络结构智能地为受故障ONU影响的业务提供最佳恢复路由。同时,由于用户对移动性的需求以及光纤布线的困难,提出了一种具有无线接入和自动保护倒换功能的ONU,简称为WONU,并讨论了基于该WONU的融合网络结构中的故障检测、保护倒换和带宽调整等问题。进一一步针对网络中的视频业务提出了一种QoS保证的动态带宽分配机制以提高网络资源利用率,保证用户服务质量。
4.针对通信网络尤其是接入网中的能量消耗,结合ITU-T和IEEE标准讨论内容,提出了一种基于休眠和周期唤醒的ONU节能机制。基于ONU的休眠机制和融合网络的分层结构,融合网络在光网络部分采用流量聚合的ONU休眠机制,在无线网络部分采用能耗和时延感知的路由机制以实现绿色网络通信。提出的ONU节能机制在OLT端集中实现对ONUs工作状态的监测和控制,通过OLT和ONU之间的消息控制机制(请求和授权)来实现ONU的周期唤醒,以降低ONU的能量消耗。通过实验观测和硬件平台验证了融合网络中该节能机制的有效性。实验结果表明,基于流量聚合的ONU休眠机制可以减少网络至少40%的能量消耗,而能耗感知的无线路由技术以牺牲系统时延换取降低系统能耗。
With the development of full-services and Internet, the requirement of users for the multimedia applications such as IPTV, HDTV and VoD is also daily increasing. At the same time, as the quad-play services (voice, video, Internet and wireless) push the communication technologies ahead rapidly, the users require the network can provide full-covering, mobility and flexibility. It is necessary for the integrated broadband network to meet the various requirements of the users. However, considering the diversity of the requirements, the complex of the access environment, and the contradiction of the bandwidth and transmission distance in the wireless network, the integration of the optical and wireless is proposed for their complementation with each other. Moreover, the intelligence of the whole network including the service layer and the edge of network makes it necessary to enhance the management and control of the access network.
A combination of optical and wireless network can be an attractive solution to the broadband access network. Therefore, an integrated architecture based on the Ethernet PON and Wireless LAN (802.11) is proposed, which takes the advantage of the two networks and reduces the CAPEX and OPEX. Based on the integration of optical and wireless, we have researched on the intelligent management and control technologies in the wireless-optical broadband access network. It mainly includes the schemes of service handoff, survivability and energy saving. Some innovative results have been proposed as following:
1. A novel integrated architecture based on the EPON and WLAN has been proposed. And this thesis elaborated the characteristic, key-technologies, networking technologies and future applications of the proposed architecture. This architecture implements the information interaction and funaction cooperation between the optical network and wireless network. It can provide the service intelligently and manage the network dynamically to guarantee the diversity of service and optimize the utilization of the network resource.
2. Considering the user-centric services, a service handoff scheme based on the user location management and dynamical resource allocation has been proposed. It includes two respects:an environment-aware localization scheme for the user location management and a service handoff scheme based on the middleware. With the complexity of the network, an environment-aware and range-free localization algorithm was proposed to overcome the irregular transmission of the wireless signal. It can reduce the localization error and have higher localization accuracy compared to DV-Hop and CDL. In addition, to implement the service handoff automatically and allocate the network resource dynamically, a middleware has been designed and developed to support the users'mobility in the integrated network. The goal of the middleware is to keep users'logical service environment despite changes in the physical environment, so it can guarantee the diversity of service and optimize the utilization of the network resource.
3. Considering the survivability and fault management, a wireless protection scheme based on the mesh technology has been proposed. According to the information of network topology, available resource and service deployment, it setups the point-to-point wireless link to reroute the affected traffic of the failed ONU with the help of the ad-hoc architecture in the mesh network. And an ONU with wireless and protection function was also proposed to meet the requirement of mobility and flexibility. The problems about fault detection, protection switch, and bandwidth adjustment have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, a QoS-aware dynamic resource allocation scheme for the video service was especially proposed to guarantee the QoS of users.
4. Based on the discussion in the ITU-T and IEEE standardization, a sleep and periodical wake-up scheme has been proposed to reduce the energy consumption in the ONUs. The OLT intensively monitors and controls the work state of the ONUs. The messages of REPORT and GATE were utilized to implement the sleeping scheme in the ONUs. Furthermore, with the hierarchical access architecture, the integrated network reduces the power-consumption through traffic aggregation and energy-aware routing algorithm to put low-load ONUs into sleep. Experimental results show that the proposed energy saving scheme can reduce the power consumption by at least40%.
“光与无线接入”结合光通信与无线通信两者的优势,实现了动态、灵活、宽带的信息接入。本文针对光通信和无线通信两者之间良好的互补特性,提出了一种基于以太网无源光网络(EPON)技术和无线局域网技术WLAN(IEEE802.11)的融合宽带接入组网方案。基于EPON和WLAN的融合组网方案,本论文对融合宽带接入网中的智能管控技术展开了深入研究,主要包括分布式异构环境下的业务切换机制、基于动态资源分配和联合路由算法的保护机制及节能管理机制等几个方面。本论文的主要研究成果和创新点如下：
1.针对网络技术和电信业务的复杂性和多样性,深入研究了光与无线融合的网络结构,提出和设计了一种基于以太网无源光网络(EPON)技术和无线局域网技术WLAN (IEEE802.11)的联合绍网方案。该方案依赖于两种网络技术的互补特性,基于联合组网资源调度与网络优化技术,实现了无线网络部分和光网络部分的信息交互和功能协作,提供动态、灵活、宽带的信息接入,有利于未来全业务运营,降低投资和运营成本,并提供更好的服务。
2.针对融合接入网络中移动用户对于连续性服务的要求,提出了一种基于用户位置管理和网络资源动态分配的业务切换机制,该机翩包括用户位置管理、网络资源动态分配和配置两部分。其中用户位置管理机制针对复杂网络环境,提出了一种环境感知距离无关的定位算法(EARL),该算法可以有效克服无线信号在复杂网络环境中的不规则传输,减少定位误差。与现有的定位算法Dv-hop和CDL相比,该算法具有更高的定位精度。另外,为了实现业务在用户层的无缝切换和网络资源的动态分配,设计和开发了一个中间件(middleware)结构来支持融合网络环境下的用户移动性,以保证当用户的物理环境发生变化时保持用户的逻辑业务环境不变,保障业务的差异性,提高网络资源的利用率
3.针对融合网络中的生存性和故障管理,提出了一种基于无线Mesh技术的无线保护切换机制。当网络发生故障时,该机制根据网络拓扑、可用资源、业务配置等信息,利用无线Mesh网络的自组织网络结构智能地为受故障ONU影响的业务提供最佳恢复路由。同时,由于用户对移动性的需求以及光纤布线的困难,提出了一种具有无线接入和自动保护倒换功能的ONU,简称为WONU,并讨论了基于该WONU的融合网络结构中的故障检测、保护倒换和带宽调整等问题。进一一步针对网络中的视频业务提出了一种QoS保证的动态带宽分配机制以提高网络资源利用率,保证用户服务质量。
4.针对通信网络尤其是接入网中的能量消耗,结合ITU-T和IEEE标准讨论内容,提出了一种基于休眠和周期唤醒的ONU节能机制。基于ONU的休眠机制和融合网络的分层结构,融合网络在光网络部分采用流量聚合的ONU休眠机制,在无线网络部分采用能耗和时延感知的路由机制以实现绿色网络通信。提出的ONU节能机制在OLT端集中实现对ONUs工作状态的监测和控制,通过OLT和ONU之间的消息控制机制(请求和授权)来实现ONU的周期唤醒,以降低ONU的能量消耗。通过实验观测和硬件平台验证了融合网络中该节能机制的有效性。实验结果表明,基于流量聚合的ONU休眠机制可以减少网络至少40%的能量消耗,而能耗感知的无线路由技术以牺牲系统时延换取降低系统能耗。
With the development of full-services and Internet, the requirement of users for the multimedia applications such as IPTV, HDTV and VoD is also daily increasing. At the same time, as the quad-play services (voice, video, Internet and wireless) push the communication technologies ahead rapidly, the users require the network can provide full-covering, mobility and flexibility. It is necessary for the integrated broadband network to meet the various requirements of the users. However, considering the diversity of the requirements, the complex of the access environment, and the contradiction of the bandwidth and transmission distance in the wireless network, the integration of the optical and wireless is proposed for their complementation with each other. Moreover, the intelligence of the whole network including the service layer and the edge of network makes it necessary to enhance the management and control of the access network.
A combination of optical and wireless network can be an attractive solution to the broadband access network. Therefore, an integrated architecture based on the Ethernet PON and Wireless LAN (802.11) is proposed, which takes the advantage of the two networks and reduces the CAPEX and OPEX. Based on the integration of optical and wireless, we have researched on the intelligent management and control technologies in the wireless-optical broadband access network. It mainly includes the schemes of service handoff, survivability and energy saving. Some innovative results have been proposed as following:
1. A novel integrated architecture based on the EPON and WLAN has been proposed. And this thesis elaborated the characteristic, key-technologies, networking technologies and future applications of the proposed architecture. This architecture implements the information interaction and funaction cooperation between the optical network and wireless network. It can provide the service intelligently and manage the network dynamically to guarantee the diversity of service and optimize the utilization of the network resource.
2. Considering the user-centric services, a service handoff scheme based on the user location management and dynamical resource allocation has been proposed. It includes two respects:an environment-aware localization scheme for the user location management and a service handoff scheme based on the middleware. With the complexity of the network, an environment-aware and range-free localization algorithm was proposed to overcome the irregular transmission of the wireless signal. It can reduce the localization error and have higher localization accuracy compared to DV-Hop and CDL. In addition, to implement the service handoff automatically and allocate the network resource dynamically, a middleware has been designed and developed to support the users'mobility in the integrated network. The goal of the middleware is to keep users'logical service environment despite changes in the physical environment, so it can guarantee the diversity of service and optimize the utilization of the network resource.
3. Considering the survivability and fault management, a wireless protection scheme based on the mesh technology has been proposed. According to the information of network topology, available resource and service deployment, it setups the point-to-point wireless link to reroute the affected traffic of the failed ONU with the help of the ad-hoc architecture in the mesh network. And an ONU with wireless and protection function was also proposed to meet the requirement of mobility and flexibility. The problems about fault detection, protection switch, and bandwidth adjustment have been discussed in detail. Furthermore, a QoS-aware dynamic resource allocation scheme for the video service was especially proposed to guarantee the QoS of users.
4. Based on the discussion in the ITU-T and IEEE standardization, a sleep and periodical wake-up scheme has been proposed to reduce the energy consumption in the ONUs. The OLT intensively monitors and controls the work state of the ONUs. The messages of REPORT and GATE were utilized to implement the sleeping scheme in the ONUs. Furthermore, with the hierarchical access architecture, the integrated network reduces the power-consumption through traffic aggregation and energy-aware routing algorithm to put low-load ONUs into sleep. Experimental results show that the proposed energy saving scheme can reduce the power consumption by at least40%.
引文
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