农业产业化经营与县域经济发展研究
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摘要
县域经济对我国经济总体发展起着重要的基础作用。发展县域经济对缩小我国城乡差距,解决“三农(农民、农村、农业)”问题和最终实现全面建设小康社会目标等都具有决定性意义。县域经济的发展道路,从根本上说就是走农村(县域)工业化、农村城镇化、农业现代化道路,实现贸工农一体化,统筹城乡经济社会发展。研究和实践证明,农业县县域经济的发展应该从“农”字上着眼,”工”字上着手。党的十六大报告指出:“积极推进农业产业化经营,提高农民进入市场的组织程度和农业综合效益。发展农产品加工业,壮大县域经济。”说明农业产业化经营是我国农业县县域经济发展的重要战略选择。本文从县域经济发展战略的高度来探讨农业产业化经营战略的价值与作用及其与县域经济发展各个方面的相互经济关系,从而推动县域经济发展。
与此同时,农业产业化经营是发展县域经济的重要战略选择。农业产业化经营,确切地讲,是贸工农一体化的农业产业化过程。它是20世纪90年代中国从实践中总结提出的新范畴。农业产业化经营与国外的“农工商一体化”、“农工一体化”以及“农工商综合经营”等具有相似的本质内涵,就是将农业相关的几大环节通过利益分配机制有机地结合起来,把农业由农、工、商割裂的弱质产业,变为农工商一体化协调发展的强势产业过程。总之,农业产业化经营模式的提出与推行是农业由传统型向现代型转变的必经阶段,是农业生产经营体制和机制改革创新的过程,是农业发展的必然选择。
作为县域经济发展的重要战略选择,农业产业化经营与县域经济发展的多个方面和领域具有内在的必然联系。县域经济发展体现在“农三化(农村工业化、农村城镇化、农业现代化)”上以及增加农民收入、建设农村全面小康社会等方面。县域经济发展的这些方面都与农业产业化经营具有内在必然联系。如农业产业化经营中的龙头企业作为其重要环节,是县域工业的重要组成部分。龙头
County economy development plays an essential role in China's overall economic development. It acts as the conclusive element to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas, to resolve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, and to ensure our people a relative comfortable life. Its development path, basically, is through the urbanization of rural areas, industrialization of rural areas and agriculture, the integration of commerce, industry and agriculture, and the balance of the economic and social development between rural and urban areas. Both research and practice have proved that, the county economy development in agriculture-based counties should focus on "agriculture" and commence from "industry". The 16th National Congress has stated: "Promote the operation of agricultural industrialization, improve the organization for the commercialization, and achieve the overall rural economic efficiency, develop the agricultural processing industry, and expand county economy.", which shows that agricultural industrialization is an important strategic choice to develop China's county economy. Based on the county economy development strategy, and to accelerate the county economy, this thesis discusses the values and functions of agricultural industrialization and its nexus with other aspects in county economy development.As stated, agricultural industrialization is an important strategic choice to develop county economy. The operation of agricultural industrialization,
to put it short, involves in the integration among commerce, industry and agriculture, which is also a new term summarized from Chinese practice in 1990s. Similar with the concepts of "integration among agriculture, industry and commerce", "integration between agriculture and industry" and "aggregated operation of agriculture, industry and commerce" proposed in some other countries, the operation of agricultural industrialization, namely, is to link the agriculture-related chains through interest distribution, then boost the status of agriculture into a strong industry from the originally weak one, which was separated from the industry and commerce. To sum up, the proposal and implementation of the operation of agricultural industrialization is an inevitable stage to achieve agricultural modernization, and an inevitable choice for the innovation for agricultural system and mechanism.As an important strategic choice to develop county economy, agricultural industrialization is internally related to different aspects and fields of county economy. The development of the county economy development embodies "industrializing and urbanizing rural areas, and modernizing agriculture", increasing farmers' income, and building a better-off rural community in an all-round way. All these aspects are closely related to the operation of agricultural industrialization. For instance, as the important component of county industrialization, the expansion of the leading enterprises pushes county industrialization procession. Along with the carrying out of the operation of agricultural industrialization, the expansion of agriculture pushes the county industrialization procession as well. Moreover, the division of labor helps some farmers disengage from the single household and small-scale farming, and start to engage in the non-agricultural industries in rural areas, such as agricultural industry, service and trading. There is no need to stay in rural areas, due to the job differences; these farmers are heading to cities and towns, which drives the urbanization of rural areas. In addition, while the modernization of rural
areas is the goal of agricultural development, to help the traditional agriculture develop to a modern one, the operation of agricultural industrialization acts as the inevitable stage and means.This thesis has eight chapters in all. The first two chapters present the definitions of agricultural industrialization and county economy respectively, discuss related theories and analyze their history and development. The next five chapters make a detailed analysis of agricultural industrialization and county economy in a logic and dialectical way. Chapter 8 does a case study of an upland agriculture-based county, Zitong County of Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, analyzing and demonstrating the application of the strategy of agricultural industrialization to county economy, its effects on county economy and the correlations between the two. This thesis attempts to make innovations in the following aspects:After an in-depth analysis and study of the concept of agricultural industrialization, the thesis proposes that agricultural industrialization, which is an innovative mode of agricultural economy, aims not only to solve the problems of agriculture itself, but also the problems of the whole regional economy. Agricultural industrialization, which was an economic concept proposed by Chinese scholars and promoted in practice, originally aims to reform our traditional agriculture, and solve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. However, in the production process, thanks to constant discovery and innovation of its operating mode, agricultural industrialization exerts great influences on every sphere of county economy, propelling the development of county economy on a whole level. And hence, more and more regional economy researchers and practitioners have adopted the strategy of agricultural industrialization not only to reform and develop traditional agriculture, but also as a top priority to the development of county economy.In comparison with the common industrial route of western countries, Chinese industrial route is considered to be an abnormal industrialization
with Chinese characteristics. In general, the initial rise of industrialization in western developed countries has the historical conditions of industrialization, becoming a historical need. No matter industrialization of liberal capitalism or industrialization of national capitalism, shares the general rules of itself, like the realization of industrialization or urbanization by way of crisis, war and plunder. And the development of industrialization follows the way of light industry (textile) firstly, then heavy industry and transportation, highlighting scientific advancement and foreign trade development and so on. Our industry disrespected the general rules of economic development from the very beginning, without satisfying the needs of economic development itself. On the contrary, our industry paved the way to industrialization by using planned and executive means to satisfy the needs of economic and non-economic factors. In other words, the assignment approach of major industrial projects was adopted, with emphasis on heavy industry while ignoring light industry, and the capital was accumulated at the cost of agriculture. And as a result, the two-level economic structure came into being, engendering the gap between city and county, the gap between eastern and western countries, the gap between workers and farmers, forming our industrialization with Chinese characteristics, and causing the non-equilibrium conflicts and problems in the process of development with striking characteristics.After an in-depth analysis and study of the development of county economy, the kernel of county economy can be summarized as agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization, which are the process of county economy. Meanwhile, they are interrelated with each other, and promoted by each other. Agricultural industrialization plays a core role, having a close link to every aspect of county economy. To research on the development of county economy in terms of agricultural industrialization is an innovation of this thesis.Throughout the whole thesis, it revolves around the way to new
industrialization for counties (esp. agriculture-based counties), the development of society and economy in harmony, how to apply scientific development views to practice. And it discovers that a new industrial route for county economy is how to find the integration of resources and economy, the integration of economy and society, and the integration of human and nature. Such integration is the approach of agricultural industrialization. And therefore, agricultural industrialization shoulders the responsibilities of the development of county economy, the advancement of regional society, and the promotion of new county industrialization.
与此同时,农业产业化经营是发展县域经济的重要战略选择。农业产业化经营,确切地讲,是贸工农一体化的农业产业化过程。它是20世纪90年代中国从实践中总结提出的新范畴。农业产业化经营与国外的“农工商一体化”、“农工一体化”以及“农工商综合经营”等具有相似的本质内涵,就是将农业相关的几大环节通过利益分配机制有机地结合起来,把农业由农、工、商割裂的弱质产业,变为农工商一体化协调发展的强势产业过程。总之,农业产业化经营模式的提出与推行是农业由传统型向现代型转变的必经阶段,是农业生产经营体制和机制改革创新的过程,是农业发展的必然选择。
作为县域经济发展的重要战略选择,农业产业化经营与县域经济发展的多个方面和领域具有内在的必然联系。县域经济发展体现在“农三化(农村工业化、农村城镇化、农业现代化)”上以及增加农民收入、建设农村全面小康社会等方面。县域经济发展的这些方面都与农业产业化经营具有内在必然联系。如农业产业化经营中的龙头企业作为其重要环节,是县域工业的重要组成部分。龙头
County economy development plays an essential role in China's overall economic development. It acts as the conclusive element to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas, to resolve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers, and to ensure our people a relative comfortable life. Its development path, basically, is through the urbanization of rural areas, industrialization of rural areas and agriculture, the integration of commerce, industry and agriculture, and the balance of the economic and social development between rural and urban areas. Both research and practice have proved that, the county economy development in agriculture-based counties should focus on "agriculture" and commence from "industry". The 16th National Congress has stated: "Promote the operation of agricultural industrialization, improve the organization for the commercialization, and achieve the overall rural economic efficiency, develop the agricultural processing industry, and expand county economy.", which shows that agricultural industrialization is an important strategic choice to develop China's county economy. Based on the county economy development strategy, and to accelerate the county economy, this thesis discusses the values and functions of agricultural industrialization and its nexus with other aspects in county economy development.As stated, agricultural industrialization is an important strategic choice to develop county economy. The operation of agricultural industrialization,
to put it short, involves in the integration among commerce, industry and agriculture, which is also a new term summarized from Chinese practice in 1990s. Similar with the concepts of "integration among agriculture, industry and commerce", "integration between agriculture and industry" and "aggregated operation of agriculture, industry and commerce" proposed in some other countries, the operation of agricultural industrialization, namely, is to link the agriculture-related chains through interest distribution, then boost the status of agriculture into a strong industry from the originally weak one, which was separated from the industry and commerce. To sum up, the proposal and implementation of the operation of agricultural industrialization is an inevitable stage to achieve agricultural modernization, and an inevitable choice for the innovation for agricultural system and mechanism.As an important strategic choice to develop county economy, agricultural industrialization is internally related to different aspects and fields of county economy. The development of the county economy development embodies "industrializing and urbanizing rural areas, and modernizing agriculture", increasing farmers' income, and building a better-off rural community in an all-round way. All these aspects are closely related to the operation of agricultural industrialization. For instance, as the important component of county industrialization, the expansion of the leading enterprises pushes county industrialization procession. Along with the carrying out of the operation of agricultural industrialization, the expansion of agriculture pushes the county industrialization procession as well. Moreover, the division of labor helps some farmers disengage from the single household and small-scale farming, and start to engage in the non-agricultural industries in rural areas, such as agricultural industry, service and trading. There is no need to stay in rural areas, due to the job differences; these farmers are heading to cities and towns, which drives the urbanization of rural areas. In addition, while the modernization of rural
areas is the goal of agricultural development, to help the traditional agriculture develop to a modern one, the operation of agricultural industrialization acts as the inevitable stage and means.This thesis has eight chapters in all. The first two chapters present the definitions of agricultural industrialization and county economy respectively, discuss related theories and analyze their history and development. The next five chapters make a detailed analysis of agricultural industrialization and county economy in a logic and dialectical way. Chapter 8 does a case study of an upland agriculture-based county, Zitong County of Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, analyzing and demonstrating the application of the strategy of agricultural industrialization to county economy, its effects on county economy and the correlations between the two. This thesis attempts to make innovations in the following aspects:After an in-depth analysis and study of the concept of agricultural industrialization, the thesis proposes that agricultural industrialization, which is an innovative mode of agricultural economy, aims not only to solve the problems of agriculture itself, but also the problems of the whole regional economy. Agricultural industrialization, which was an economic concept proposed by Chinese scholars and promoted in practice, originally aims to reform our traditional agriculture, and solve the issues concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. However, in the production process, thanks to constant discovery and innovation of its operating mode, agricultural industrialization exerts great influences on every sphere of county economy, propelling the development of county economy on a whole level. And hence, more and more regional economy researchers and practitioners have adopted the strategy of agricultural industrialization not only to reform and develop traditional agriculture, but also as a top priority to the development of county economy.In comparison with the common industrial route of western countries, Chinese industrial route is considered to be an abnormal industrialization
with Chinese characteristics. In general, the initial rise of industrialization in western developed countries has the historical conditions of industrialization, becoming a historical need. No matter industrialization of liberal capitalism or industrialization of national capitalism, shares the general rules of itself, like the realization of industrialization or urbanization by way of crisis, war and plunder. And the development of industrialization follows the way of light industry (textile) firstly, then heavy industry and transportation, highlighting scientific advancement and foreign trade development and so on. Our industry disrespected the general rules of economic development from the very beginning, without satisfying the needs of economic development itself. On the contrary, our industry paved the way to industrialization by using planned and executive means to satisfy the needs of economic and non-economic factors. In other words, the assignment approach of major industrial projects was adopted, with emphasis on heavy industry while ignoring light industry, and the capital was accumulated at the cost of agriculture. And as a result, the two-level economic structure came into being, engendering the gap between city and county, the gap between eastern and western countries, the gap between workers and farmers, forming our industrialization with Chinese characteristics, and causing the non-equilibrium conflicts and problems in the process of development with striking characteristics.After an in-depth analysis and study of the development of county economy, the kernel of county economy can be summarized as agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization, which are the process of county economy. Meanwhile, they are interrelated with each other, and promoted by each other. Agricultural industrialization plays a core role, having a close link to every aspect of county economy. To research on the development of county economy in terms of agricultural industrialization is an innovation of this thesis.Throughout the whole thesis, it revolves around the way to new
industrialization for counties (esp. agriculture-based counties), the development of society and economy in harmony, how to apply scientific development views to practice. And it discovers that a new industrial route for county economy is how to find the integration of resources and economy, the integration of economy and society, and the integration of human and nature. Such integration is the approach of agricultural industrialization. And therefore, agricultural industrialization shoulders the responsibilities of the development of county economy, the advancement of regional society, and the promotion of new county industrialization.
引文
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