小组工作在甘肃省民办高校新生自卑心理问题的应用
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摘要
从20世纪80年代开始至今,民办院校在数量和办学规模上在不断发展壮大,至2011年为止,民办高校数量占全国高校数量29%,民办高校学生占高校总人数的17%。这些还在不断增长的数字告诉我们,民办高校已经成为高等教育中不可忽视的力量。然而,因为民办高校办学时间较晚,基础建设与师资力量无法与公立大学相比,社会大众也对其多持负面评价,这使得很多民办高校学生入校伊始就因此而产生了自卑心理。而自卑问题带有隐蔽性的特点,导致本来关注度不高的自卑学生无法及时得到正确地引导和帮助,从而对其学习生活造成了不利影响。随着自卑导致的问题不断增加,甚至会导致学生在学习就业受挫、民办高校对学生的培养成效降低的恶性循环。
在上述背景下,本文针对民办高校新生自卑心理问题,使用FIS自卑量表对L学院大一新生进行测量,选取社会工作的小组工作方法,并基于对相关文献的分析及开组前对测量有中度自卑心理且分数在145分—180分组员的访谈,了解明确他们的需求后,依据制定的小组计划内容,对民办高校自卑心理学生进行了实务研究。本文的小组活动旨在帮助小组成员获取朋辈支持、增加自我认同及对学校的归属感,从而降低自卑感、树立自信心。活动时间为时七周,共计开展了七节活动。组员在社会工作者的带领下,通过参与游戏互动、交流分享等形式的活动,尝试降低自卑感,提高自信心。为了全面客观地评价此次小组活动具体实施了哪些活动、小组成员在活动中得到了哪些改变和收获以及这些改变是否与小组工作有关。本次小组工作在确定了过程评估和结果评估两种类型的基础上,还特别选取了对照组,对小组工作的最终成效进行更进一步地对比说明。最终,通过对小组活动的时间频率、组员出席率以及与对照组前后测分数对比等分析出,本次小组在干预民办高校新生自卑心理是具有一定作用的。此外,笔者依据此次小组工作的经验总结,对学校社会工作介入甘肃省民办高校的困境及路径做了初步地探讨。
本文取得的主要研究结论有：第一,小组工作方法对民办高校学生缓解自卑心理问题有良好的促进效果。第二,优势视角有助于减轻民办高校学生自卑心理。第三,民办高校自卑心理学生不仅有尊重的需要,更有自我实现的需要。笔者认为这些研究结论可以为今后小组活动在民办高校的开展提供借鉴意义,并期望学校社会工作的理念和方法能够早日运用到甘肃省民办高校的各个群体当中,为甘肃省的社会工作事业贡献力量。
Since1980s, the reform of Chinese tertiary education system has stimulated a rapid growth in private education sector. Statistically, by the end of2011,29%tertiary academies are operated and funded privately and together, those private tertiary academies take up17%of total freshmen enrollment country-wide. With the number of private colleges continues to grow, they are playing a more and more important role in modern Chinese tertiary education.Despite of the rapid growth in private college and the number of freshmen they attract, comparing to a government funded college, a private college normally suffers from:
●poorly managed infrastructures or facilities
●late entry to the public education sector that results in a lack of prestige
●poorly qualified academic staff
Due to the three pointed mentioned above, public opinion towards a private college is normally negatively biased. This negatively biased public view has been causing inferiority complex among freshmen enrolled into a private college. This inferiority complex has a concealing nature, which prevents it is from being discovered and thus preventing timing diagnose and treatment. When un-diagnosed or even un-treated, inferiority complex roots deeper and eventually manifest itself into a major hurdle to those who are affected by inferiority complex. Hence, a private college suffers a negatively biased public view that causes inferiority complex among its freshmen, and this inferiority complex, when un-treated, negatively hurdles freshmen from becoming achievers, and this outcome causes public view to become more negative; a bad circle is formed.
As stated above, a group therapy was conducted on inferiority complex at College "L", using Feeling of Inferiority Scale (FIS). Study participants with a FIS score between145and180were selected and a group therapy was provided. The objectives of this group therapy were to:
●Help subjects gather support/recognition from their family and friends
●Increase their self-esteem
●Increase their sense of belonging or attachment to their college
●Decrease or even eliminate their inferiority complex Seven group work sessions were provided over seven weeks, one session every week. Organized by social workers, all therapy participants played therapeutic games and exchanged thoughts, in an attempt to increase their self-esteem and eliminate their inferiority complex. After its conclusion, this group work was assessed on its procedure and its outcome. Additionally, among the participants, two smaller groups were chosen and their respective therapeutic outcomes were compared and analyzed. A second FIS score was collected after group therapy and it was compared against their first FIS score; it can be concluded that this group therapy has helped participants'increase their self-esteem and decrease their inferiority complex. The author is confident that this group therapy session paved the road towards further social study about private colleges in the city of Lanzhou.
In summary, the author concluded that:
●Group therapy session helped ease the sense of feeling inferior among freshmen enrolled in a private college
●By indoctrinating a sense of "superior complex" into the participants, their sense of feeling inferior could be reduced
●Therapy participants, all freshmen enrolled in a private college, beneath their inferiority complex, they have a strong yet hidden sense of self-esteem and a strong will of self-actualization.
The author believes that three conclusions mentioned above can be used as references in future academic studies in the same field.
在上述背景下,本文针对民办高校新生自卑心理问题,使用FIS自卑量表对L学院大一新生进行测量,选取社会工作的小组工作方法,并基于对相关文献的分析及开组前对测量有中度自卑心理且分数在145分—180分组员的访谈,了解明确他们的需求后,依据制定的小组计划内容,对民办高校自卑心理学生进行了实务研究。本文的小组活动旨在帮助小组成员获取朋辈支持、增加自我认同及对学校的归属感,从而降低自卑感、树立自信心。活动时间为时七周,共计开展了七节活动。组员在社会工作者的带领下,通过参与游戏互动、交流分享等形式的活动,尝试降低自卑感,提高自信心。为了全面客观地评价此次小组活动具体实施了哪些活动、小组成员在活动中得到了哪些改变和收获以及这些改变是否与小组工作有关。本次小组工作在确定了过程评估和结果评估两种类型的基础上,还特别选取了对照组,对小组工作的最终成效进行更进一步地对比说明。最终,通过对小组活动的时间频率、组员出席率以及与对照组前后测分数对比等分析出,本次小组在干预民办高校新生自卑心理是具有一定作用的。此外,笔者依据此次小组工作的经验总结,对学校社会工作介入甘肃省民办高校的困境及路径做了初步地探讨。
本文取得的主要研究结论有：第一,小组工作方法对民办高校学生缓解自卑心理问题有良好的促进效果。第二,优势视角有助于减轻民办高校学生自卑心理。第三,民办高校自卑心理学生不仅有尊重的需要,更有自我实现的需要。笔者认为这些研究结论可以为今后小组活动在民办高校的开展提供借鉴意义,并期望学校社会工作的理念和方法能够早日运用到甘肃省民办高校的各个群体当中,为甘肃省的社会工作事业贡献力量。
Since1980s, the reform of Chinese tertiary education system has stimulated a rapid growth in private education sector. Statistically, by the end of2011,29%tertiary academies are operated and funded privately and together, those private tertiary academies take up17%of total freshmen enrollment country-wide. With the number of private colleges continues to grow, they are playing a more and more important role in modern Chinese tertiary education.Despite of the rapid growth in private college and the number of freshmen they attract, comparing to a government funded college, a private college normally suffers from:
●poorly managed infrastructures or facilities
●late entry to the public education sector that results in a lack of prestige
●poorly qualified academic staff
Due to the three pointed mentioned above, public opinion towards a private college is normally negatively biased. This negatively biased public view has been causing inferiority complex among freshmen enrolled into a private college. This inferiority complex has a concealing nature, which prevents it is from being discovered and thus preventing timing diagnose and treatment. When un-diagnosed or even un-treated, inferiority complex roots deeper and eventually manifest itself into a major hurdle to those who are affected by inferiority complex. Hence, a private college suffers a negatively biased public view that causes inferiority complex among its freshmen, and this inferiority complex, when un-treated, negatively hurdles freshmen from becoming achievers, and this outcome causes public view to become more negative; a bad circle is formed.
As stated above, a group therapy was conducted on inferiority complex at College "L", using Feeling of Inferiority Scale (FIS). Study participants with a FIS score between145and180were selected and a group therapy was provided. The objectives of this group therapy were to:
●Help subjects gather support/recognition from their family and friends
●Increase their self-esteem
●Increase their sense of belonging or attachment to their college
●Decrease or even eliminate their inferiority complex Seven group work sessions were provided over seven weeks, one session every week. Organized by social workers, all therapy participants played therapeutic games and exchanged thoughts, in an attempt to increase their self-esteem and eliminate their inferiority complex. After its conclusion, this group work was assessed on its procedure and its outcome. Additionally, among the participants, two smaller groups were chosen and their respective therapeutic outcomes were compared and analyzed. A second FIS score was collected after group therapy and it was compared against their first FIS score; it can be concluded that this group therapy has helped participants'increase their self-esteem and decrease their inferiority complex. The author is confident that this group therapy session paved the road towards further social study about private colleges in the city of Lanzhou.
In summary, the author concluded that:
●Group therapy session helped ease the sense of feeling inferior among freshmen enrolled in a private college
●By indoctrinating a sense of "superior complex" into the participants, their sense of feeling inferior could be reduced
●Therapy participants, all freshmen enrolled in a private college, beneath their inferiority complex, they have a strong yet hidden sense of self-esteem and a strong will of self-actualization.
The author believes that three conclusions mentioned above can be used as references in future academic studies in the same field.
引文
12011年全国教育事业发展统计公报,教育部,2012
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1(奥)阿德勒,《自卑与超越》[M],北京作家出版社,1986
2杜静,《大学生自卑心理浅析》[J]，河南大学学报(社会科学版),1998,11
3梁筱梅,《大学生自信心现状及对策》[J],淮北煤炭师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2006
4吴霞等,《大学生自卑心理分析与心理调试浅谈》[J],实用预防医学,2006
5于天红,《大学生自卑心理成因及其自信心培养》[J],吉林技术工程师范学院院报(教育研究版)2003,10
6马荣华,《民办高校学生自卑成因、影响和对策研究》[J],北京电力高等专科学校校报,2010.5
7汤溶溶,《民办高校大学生自卑心理成因研究》[J],中国科教创新导刊2011
8新浪网
9林红,《民办高校与普通高校大学生心理健康状况的比较研究》[J],辽宁石油化工大学学报,2005，3
1(奥)阿德勒《自卑与超越》[M],北京作家出版社,1986
1黄耀明,《略论社会工作与心理咨询的关系》[J],长春理上大学学报(社会科学版)，2007,5
2青秋蓉,杨发坤,《社会工作视野下的高职f学生心理健康教育》[J],教育与教学研究,2009.8
3林文亿,《美国学校社会工作发展以及多我国的启示》[J],青年探索,2009.1
1闫广芬,苌庆辉,《美国学校社会工作体系架构及其启示》[M],外国教育研究,2008，4
2程晋宽,《信息社会英国、美国、加拿大学校社会工作的比较》[J],外国中小学教育,2011，10
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