基于优势—价值分析的企业国际化经营战略布局研究
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摘要
经济全球化的加快促进了跨国企业生产活动的全球战略布局;与此同时,地区经济也迅速发展,企业国际化经营环境日益呈现出动态复杂的特征。跨国企业经营优势也发生了重大变迁,依赖传统的“母国优势”已不能满足日益激烈的全球竞争,跨国企业必须寻找新的差异化的优势来源。在这种背景下,跨国企业理论研究的重点从传统的“存在机制”转向“发展机制”,对国际化经营战略布局的研究焦点也从“优势利用”转向“优势获取”;从“价值选择”到“价值爬升”。本文研究的根本目的在于回答这样一个问题:在当今动态复杂的经济全球化背景下,跨国企业如何进行战略布局以在竞争中立于不败之地?
本文从企业国际化经营的区域层面进行分析,以“优势”和“价值”的视角建立一个新的企业国际化经营战略布局分析框架,“优势视角”强调企业特殊优势(FSAs)和国家特殊优势(CSAs)两方面;“价值视角”强调企业对产业价值链的布局和控制能力,构建FSAs/CSAs/VC三维分析模型,综合分析企业国际化经营战略布局的动因、条件和趋势,为中国跨国企业战略布局的发展模式提供理论参考。
本研究分七章进行论述。第一章是绪论,阐述了研究背景和意义、研究内容和创新点、研究方法和研究框架等。第二章对企业国际化经营战略布局理论进行综述。主要对国内外企业国际化经营区位选择理论、企业国际化经营地区战略理论进行讨论。第三章构建FSAs/CSAs/VC模型,为国际化经营战略布局选择奠定理论基础。第四章对比分析世界500强与我国大型企业国际化经营的地区分布和产业分布现状,运用FSAs/CSAs/VC模型对样本企业进行分析,为中国跨国企业国际化经营战略布局提供借鉴参考依据。第五章在前文的研究基础上,借鉴相关先进经验,有针对性的提出我国企业国际化经营战略布局的优化选择和对策建议。第六章结合金城集团国际化经营的具体案例,提出适合我国企业自身的国际化经营之路。第七章是结论与展望。
本研究的主要创新及贡献在于:(1)融合企业竞争优势理论、价值链理论、地区布局理论对国际化经营区位战略布局进行研究,从而将跨国企业区域战略的相关研究加以拓宽和延伸。(2)以新的视角分析企业国际化战略布局,以跨国企业竞争优势为基础,加入价值链维度,构建FSAs/CSAs/VC分析模型,分析跨国企业的地区战略布局。(3)以实际数据比较中外跨国企业战略布局现状,结合世界500强的先进经验,提出中国企业应遵循地域上的“渐进”方式和价值链上准确定位,以培育和提高竞争优势,为我国企业国际化战略布局选择提供借鉴参考。
The acceleration of economic globalization greatly promoting the global layout for production activities of transnational corporations; at the same time, the regional economy also developed rapidly, the business environment of transnational corporations increasingly presents a complex dynamic characteristics. The advantages of transnational corporations have also undergone major changes, rely on the traditional "home-country advantage" cannot meet the increasingly fierce global competition no longer, so they must find new sources of different advantages. In this context, the focus of theoretical studies of transnational corporations has been from the traditional "presence mechanism" to "development mechanism"; the focus of layout of transnational business strategy research has also been from "using advantage" to " obtaining advantage ", from "value choosing" to " value climbing." The fundamental purpose of this study is to answer the question: In today's dynamic and complex context of economic globalization, multinational corporations how to conduct strategic layout in order to remain invincible in the competition?
The paper analyzes transnational business from the regional dimension, using two perspectives of "advantage" and "value" in order to establish a new multinational enterprise strategic layout framework. "Advantage" emphasizes two aspects of Firm-Special Advantages (FSAs) and Country-Specific Advantages (CSAs); "Value" stresses the ability of controlling the industry value chain. The paper is to build FSAs/CSAs/VC model, comprehensively analyze the causes, conditions and trends of strategic layout, in order to provide theoretical reference for strategic layout of China's multinational companies.
This study discusses in seven chapters. The first chapter is the Introduction,explains the background and significance of the study, content and innovation point, research methods and framework. Chapter II reviews the major theory of transnational strategic layout. Mainly overviews domestic and foreign theory of multinational location choices, and theory of regional strategies. Chapter III bulids FSAs/CSAs/VC model, lays the theoretical foundation for cross-border strategic layout. Chapter IV studies the multinational business status, comparatively analyzes the regional distribution and industrial distribution of the world's top 500 multinational enterprises and China's large-scale enterprises, using FSAs/CSAs/VC model to analyze the sample companies, provides references for internationalization layout of China's multinational companies. On the basis of the previous research, Chapter V draws on the relevant advanced experiences, targets at China's multinational enterprises to make some proposals and countermeasures of strategic layout options. Chapter VI uses the specific examples of Jincheng Group, so as to propose the path of internationalization in line with China's enterprises. Chapter VII are Conclusions and Outlook.
The major innovation and contributions of this study come from: (1) The integration of competitive advantage theory, value chain theory, and transnational distribution theory, with which to study on transnational strategic layout, broadened and extended the research of regional strategy of multinational companies. (2) From a new perspective to analyze international strategic layout, based on competitive advantages of multinational companies, adds the dimension of value chain, builds FSAs/CSAs/VC model to analyze the international strategic layout of multinational enterprises. (3) To compare the actual data of domestic and foreign multinational companies on strategic layout, combined with the advanced experience of the world's top 500 and put forward that China's enterprises should follow the geographical "progressive" manner and accurate positioning on the value chain in order to nurture and enhance their competitive advantages, provides references of strategic layout for China's multinational enterprises.
本文从企业国际化经营的区域层面进行分析,以“优势”和“价值”的视角建立一个新的企业国际化经营战略布局分析框架,“优势视角”强调企业特殊优势(FSAs)和国家特殊优势(CSAs)两方面;“价值视角”强调企业对产业价值链的布局和控制能力,构建FSAs/CSAs/VC三维分析模型,综合分析企业国际化经营战略布局的动因、条件和趋势,为中国跨国企业战略布局的发展模式提供理论参考。
本研究分七章进行论述。第一章是绪论,阐述了研究背景和意义、研究内容和创新点、研究方法和研究框架等。第二章对企业国际化经营战略布局理论进行综述。主要对国内外企业国际化经营区位选择理论、企业国际化经营地区战略理论进行讨论。第三章构建FSAs/CSAs/VC模型,为国际化经营战略布局选择奠定理论基础。第四章对比分析世界500强与我国大型企业国际化经营的地区分布和产业分布现状,运用FSAs/CSAs/VC模型对样本企业进行分析,为中国跨国企业国际化经营战略布局提供借鉴参考依据。第五章在前文的研究基础上,借鉴相关先进经验,有针对性的提出我国企业国际化经营战略布局的优化选择和对策建议。第六章结合金城集团国际化经营的具体案例,提出适合我国企业自身的国际化经营之路。第七章是结论与展望。
本研究的主要创新及贡献在于:(1)融合企业竞争优势理论、价值链理论、地区布局理论对国际化经营区位战略布局进行研究,从而将跨国企业区域战略的相关研究加以拓宽和延伸。(2)以新的视角分析企业国际化战略布局,以跨国企业竞争优势为基础,加入价值链维度,构建FSAs/CSAs/VC分析模型,分析跨国企业的地区战略布局。(3)以实际数据比较中外跨国企业战略布局现状,结合世界500强的先进经验,提出中国企业应遵循地域上的“渐进”方式和价值链上准确定位,以培育和提高竞争优势,为我国企业国际化战略布局选择提供借鉴参考。
The acceleration of economic globalization greatly promoting the global layout for production activities of transnational corporations; at the same time, the regional economy also developed rapidly, the business environment of transnational corporations increasingly presents a complex dynamic characteristics. The advantages of transnational corporations have also undergone major changes, rely on the traditional "home-country advantage" cannot meet the increasingly fierce global competition no longer, so they must find new sources of different advantages. In this context, the focus of theoretical studies of transnational corporations has been from the traditional "presence mechanism" to "development mechanism"; the focus of layout of transnational business strategy research has also been from "using advantage" to " obtaining advantage ", from "value choosing" to " value climbing." The fundamental purpose of this study is to answer the question: In today's dynamic and complex context of economic globalization, multinational corporations how to conduct strategic layout in order to remain invincible in the competition?
The paper analyzes transnational business from the regional dimension, using two perspectives of "advantage" and "value" in order to establish a new multinational enterprise strategic layout framework. "Advantage" emphasizes two aspects of Firm-Special Advantages (FSAs) and Country-Specific Advantages (CSAs); "Value" stresses the ability of controlling the industry value chain. The paper is to build FSAs/CSAs/VC model, comprehensively analyze the causes, conditions and trends of strategic layout, in order to provide theoretical reference for strategic layout of China's multinational companies.
This study discusses in seven chapters. The first chapter is the Introduction,explains the background and significance of the study, content and innovation point, research methods and framework. Chapter II reviews the major theory of transnational strategic layout. Mainly overviews domestic and foreign theory of multinational location choices, and theory of regional strategies. Chapter III bulids FSAs/CSAs/VC model, lays the theoretical foundation for cross-border strategic layout. Chapter IV studies the multinational business status, comparatively analyzes the regional distribution and industrial distribution of the world's top 500 multinational enterprises and China's large-scale enterprises, using FSAs/CSAs/VC model to analyze the sample companies, provides references for internationalization layout of China's multinational companies. On the basis of the previous research, Chapter V draws on the relevant advanced experiences, targets at China's multinational enterprises to make some proposals and countermeasures of strategic layout options. Chapter VI uses the specific examples of Jincheng Group, so as to propose the path of internationalization in line with China's enterprises. Chapter VII are Conclusions and Outlook.
The major innovation and contributions of this study come from: (1) The integration of competitive advantage theory, value chain theory, and transnational distribution theory, with which to study on transnational strategic layout, broadened and extended the research of regional strategy of multinational companies. (2) From a new perspective to analyze international strategic layout, based on competitive advantages of multinational companies, adds the dimension of value chain, builds FSAs/CSAs/VC model to analyze the international strategic layout of multinational enterprises. (3) To compare the actual data of domestic and foreign multinational companies on strategic layout, combined with the advanced experience of the world's top 500 and put forward that China's enterprises should follow the geographical "progressive" manner and accurate positioning on the value chain in order to nurture and enhance their competitive advantages, provides references of strategic layout for China's multinational enterprises.
引文
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[3]Rugman,A.M..The Regional Multinationals. Cambridge University Press, 2005,8.
[4]Hyme.The Inetmational Operational of National Fimrs:A Sutdy of Direct Foreing Investment. The MIT Press, Cambridge Previous Un Published Ph.D Dissertation 1960,1976.
[5]Kindleberger, C. American Business Abroad: Six Lecture on Direct Investment. New Haven,CT: Yale University Press, 1969.
[6]H.Johnson.Caves, K. Direct Foreign Investment: A Japanese Model of Multinational Business Operation.London, Green Helm,1989.
[7]R.vemon. International investment and International Trade in the product Cycle. Quarterly journal of Economies, 1996,5:p190~207.
[8]Ghoshal,S., C.A.Bartlett. The Multinational Corporation as an Interorganization Network. Academy of Management Review, 1990, 15(4).
[9]Buckly, Casson. The Future of Multinational Enterprise. London: Macmillan Co., 1976.
[10]Dunning.Theory of International Production.Journal of International Business Studies, 1973 (2).
[11]Dunning. Location and the Multinational Enterprise: A Neglected Factor? Journal of International Business Review, 1998.
[12]Dunning.Trade, Location of Encomia Activity and the Multinational Enterprise: A Search of an Eclectic Approach. Macmillan, London, 1977.
[13]Dunning, J.H.. Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy, Workingham: Addison-Wesley. 1993.
[14]Dunning, John H. Towards and Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Test. Journal of International Business Studies, 1973 ,2.
[15]Dunning.“Location and the Multinational Enterprises: A Neglected Factors?”. Journal of International Business Studies, 1998,29:p45~66.
[16]Kojima,K.Operations. Direct Foreign Investment: A Japanese Model of Multinational Business. London: Croom Helm, 1978.
[17]Porter, Micheal E. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. The Free Press, 1990.
[18]Carrie, Allan S.. From Integrated Enterprises to Regional Clusters: the Changing Basis ofCompetition. Computers in industry, 2000, 42 (2/3): p289~298.
[19]Braunerhjelm, Svensson. The Role of Foreign Trade and Investment in Sweden Economic Transformation. Oxford University Press.
[20]Head K, Ries J. Intercity Competition for Foreign Investment: Static and Dynamic Effects of Japanese Incentives Areas. Journal of Urban Economics, 1996, 40(1): p38~60.
[21]Linda F.Y.Ng, C. Tuan.“Location Decisions ofManufacturing FDI in China: Implications of China’s WTO Accession”.Journal of Asian Economics, 2003,14:p51~72.
[22]Carlson,Sune. How Foreign is Foreign Trade? Working Paper, The University of Uppsala.1975.
[23]Forsgem, Johanson. The Internationalization of the firm—Four Swedish Cases. Journal of Management Studies, 1975, Vol.12, No.3:p305~322.
[24]Johanson, J., J.-E. Vahlne. The Internationalization Process of the Firms—A Model of Knowledge Development and Increasing Market Commitment. Journal of International Business Studies,1977, Vol8, No.2:p23~32.
[25]Cavusgil,S.T, Some Observations on the Relevance of Critical Variables for Internationalization Stages, Export Management, an International Content. Praeger: New York, 1982:p276~288.
[26]Bilkey,w., Tesar,G.. An Attempted Integration of the Literature on the Export Behavior of Firms. Journal of International Business Studies, 1977, Vol.9, No.l:p33~46.
[27]Cantwell, John&Tolentino, Paz Estrelia E.. Technological Accumulation and Third World Multinationals Discussion Paper in International Investment and Business Studies, 1990, No139:p24.
[28]Cullen. Competing on resources:Strategy in the 1990s .Harvard Business Review, 2002,July一August.
[29]Morrison.Globalization versus regionalization. Organizational dynamics, 1991.
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