远程系统设计方法及其在夹具CAD系统中的应用
|
摘要
信息科学的发展和技术的进步，从根本上改变了传统制造业的产品设计模式和生产概念，以Internet为代表的网络技术正在对制造业的发展模式产生深刻的影响，企业的产品开发和生产经营活动向网络化、全球化、敏捷化的方向发展。因此，针对机械产品分布式设计的特点，研究和实现能够快速响应企业生产的需要、具有远程异地协同设计的特征的CAD技术具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文首先讨论了远程设计的基本框架的构造方式和主要技术，运用并行工程的原理对异地之间远程协同设计的方法、技术和工作模式进行了探讨。通过对制造行业当中夹具设计和制造的概况分析，讨论了夹具设计过程中远程协同设计模型的建立过程和计算软件的方法。提出了一种基于Web的夹具远程设计系统的框架模型，利用微软的开发工具开发出了可以用于辅助异地之间的夹具设计人员进行协同设计的软件。通过编程实现了在AutoCAD环境当中通过加载特定的模块以实现用户之间的信息交流和传递，为远程协同设计建立了基础平台
在夹具CAD系统中，夹紧力的计算和校核是相当重要的一个步骤。本文讨论了基本的夹紧力计算模型，并且通过圆偏心夹紧机构夹紧力计算软件的设计过程说明了开发夹具辅助计算和校核软件的方法和思路。
为了实现机械制造企业当中的资源优化，本文对需要利用绘图仪进行图形数据处理的过程进行了分析。提出了优化使用绘图耗材的图形拼接组合模型，并利用这个模型设计了打印图纸的拼接软件。利用该软件，机械制造企业需要图形输出的部门可以大大的减少打印耗材的消耗。对于降低企业的成本有着非常实际的意义。
机械企业当中常常使用多种计算机辅助绘图软件，这些软件生成的图形由
四川大学硕士学位论文
于其存储的格式不同，在图形输出的时候显得很不方便。本文针对这一障碍，
提出了在应用软件和物理打印机之间设立虚拟打印设备进行图形格式统一转换
的模型，并利用开发出一个可以运用于各种平台之下的图形驱动软件。通过利
用Windows 2000操作系统下的虚拟设备编程技术实现了多种软件共同使用虚
拟打印机实现图纸的统一格式输出。对于拥有多种绘图软件的企业，利用该软
件可以统一图纸格式，便于图形输出和保存。
With the development of information science and technology, product design mode and productive conception in manufacturing enterprises are being changed. Development mode of manufacturing progress is influenced profoundly by networking technology. It makes the networking technology play more and more important role in running an enterprise in the mode of globalization and agility. According to distributed design features of mechanical product, studying and implementing a CAD technology of remote cooperative design which can rapidly adapt to requirement of enterprise are of great importance in theory and practice.
This article first describe the methods of construct a frame for remote cooperative designing, and describes how to include the theory of parallel engineering in the process of designing and manufacturing. The article also analysis the situation of the pattern making in the manufacturing enterprises. And bring forward a model of Web-based fixture designing system, using the Microsoft Developing tools to develop new software. This software cans assistant the engineers of different places to coordinate and work together. We developed a program that can communicate between different users, and it can be used in the remote cooperative design.
In the process of fixture designing, the calculating and collating of the forces in the fixture is very important. In order to assist the designers to take the advantage of the computer aided designing system; we use a math model to describe the calculating of the forces. And by an example of eccentric fixture, we illustrate how to develop the computer aided calculating and collating software.
In order to optimize the resources in the manufacturing enterprise, we need to process the graphic data in the plotting devices. In this article, we describe how to put all the graphics in a layout that can save the plotting material. Using this software, the manufacturing enterprise can largely low down the cost of plotting.
Usually there is much computer aided design software in an enterprise, and the format of this software is not compatible. When it conies to plot, this is inconvenience. The article describes a model of handling the obstacle, and by using the virtual device driver mode of Microsoft, we develop software that can plot different kinds of graphic files. This software can be used in various platforms and can plot and save the graph conveniently.
本文首先讨论了远程设计的基本框架的构造方式和主要技术，运用并行工程的原理对异地之间远程协同设计的方法、技术和工作模式进行了探讨。通过对制造行业当中夹具设计和制造的概况分析，讨论了夹具设计过程中远程协同设计模型的建立过程和计算软件的方法。提出了一种基于Web的夹具远程设计系统的框架模型，利用微软的开发工具开发出了可以用于辅助异地之间的夹具设计人员进行协同设计的软件。通过编程实现了在AutoCAD环境当中通过加载特定的模块以实现用户之间的信息交流和传递，为远程协同设计建立了基础平台
在夹具CAD系统中，夹紧力的计算和校核是相当重要的一个步骤。本文讨论了基本的夹紧力计算模型，并且通过圆偏心夹紧机构夹紧力计算软件的设计过程说明了开发夹具辅助计算和校核软件的方法和思路。
为了实现机械制造企业当中的资源优化，本文对需要利用绘图仪进行图形数据处理的过程进行了分析。提出了优化使用绘图耗材的图形拼接组合模型，并利用这个模型设计了打印图纸的拼接软件。利用该软件，机械制造企业需要图形输出的部门可以大大的减少打印耗材的消耗。对于降低企业的成本有着非常实际的意义。
机械企业当中常常使用多种计算机辅助绘图软件，这些软件生成的图形由
四川大学硕士学位论文
于其存储的格式不同，在图形输出的时候显得很不方便。本文针对这一障碍，
提出了在应用软件和物理打印机之间设立虚拟打印设备进行图形格式统一转换
的模型，并利用开发出一个可以运用于各种平台之下的图形驱动软件。通过利
用Windows 2000操作系统下的虚拟设备编程技术实现了多种软件共同使用虚
拟打印机实现图纸的统一格式输出。对于拥有多种绘图软件的企业，利用该软
件可以统一图纸格式，便于图形输出和保存。
With the development of information science and technology, product design mode and productive conception in manufacturing enterprises are being changed. Development mode of manufacturing progress is influenced profoundly by networking technology. It makes the networking technology play more and more important role in running an enterprise in the mode of globalization and agility. According to distributed design features of mechanical product, studying and implementing a CAD technology of remote cooperative design which can rapidly adapt to requirement of enterprise are of great importance in theory and practice.
This article first describe the methods of construct a frame for remote cooperative designing, and describes how to include the theory of parallel engineering in the process of designing and manufacturing. The article also analysis the situation of the pattern making in the manufacturing enterprises. And bring forward a model of Web-based fixture designing system, using the Microsoft Developing tools to develop new software. This software cans assistant the engineers of different places to coordinate and work together. We developed a program that can communicate between different users, and it can be used in the remote cooperative design.
In the process of fixture designing, the calculating and collating of the forces in the fixture is very important. In order to assist the designers to take the advantage of the computer aided designing system; we use a math model to describe the calculating of the forces. And by an example of eccentric fixture, we illustrate how to develop the computer aided calculating and collating software.
In order to optimize the resources in the manufacturing enterprise, we need to process the graphic data in the plotting devices. In this article, we describe how to put all the graphics in a layout that can save the plotting material. Using this software, the manufacturing enterprise can largely low down the cost of plotting.
Usually there is much computer aided design software in an enterprise, and the format of this software is not compatible. When it conies to plot, this is inconvenience. The article describes a model of handling the obstacle, and by using the virtual device driver mode of Microsoft, we develop software that can plot different kinds of graphic files. This software can be used in various platforms and can plot and save the graph conveniently.
引文
[1] Mikell P. Groover. Automation, Production Systems, and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing [M]. Prentic-Hall, 2001
[2] Paul Kenneth Wright. 21st Centrury Manufacturing [M]. Prentic-Hall, 2001
[3] 殷国富，陈永华．计算机辅助设计技术与应用[M]．科学出版社，2000．2
[4] Kakish, jamil; Zhang, Per-Liang; Zerd, Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401.
[5] 李治均，陈国定，赵武．计算机辅助工艺设计[M]．成都大学出版社，1997．
[6] 戴同．CAD／CAPP／CAM基本教程[M]．机械工业出版社，1996
[7] Chou. Geometric Reasoning for Layout Design of Machining Fixtures [J].int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 1999, 7(3), p175～185.
[8] 张杰，沈精虎．Internet／Intranet环境下工程设计[M]．人民邮电出版社，2000．7
[9] 李梦群等．夹具图库系统开发与设计．工程建设与设计[J]，1999年第1期
[10] 马贤智，立勤，石俊伟等．《工艺管理导则》[S]．国家机械工业局，2000．11
[11] 李洪．机械加工工业手册[M]．北京出版社，1990．12
[12] 朱奇志，唐玉茹，李志仁．机床夹具零件及部件生产图册[M]．机械工业出版社，1990．6
[13] 王华，叶爱亮等．Visual C++6.0编程实例玉技巧[M]．机械工业出版社，1999．4
[14] 王德庆，郑忠俊，沈予洪．AutoCAD及程序设计[M]．成都科技大学出版
社，1996．1
[15] 杨黎明．机械零件设计手册[M]．国防工业出版社，1993
[16] 董家儴．计算机辅助工艺过程设计系统智能开发工具[M]．国防工业出版社，1996
[17] 刘良华，朱海东．AutoCAD 2000 ARX开发技术[M]．清华大学出版社，2000．9
[18] de Fazio T L. A Prototype of Feature-based Design for As-sembly[J]. ASME J. of Mech. Design, 1998, 29(8) :575～579.
[19] [Zha X F, et al. Integrated Knowledge-Based Assembly Se-quence Planning [J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,1998, 6(5) :354～357.
[20] Li, Min-Bo; Cheng, Ye; Zhao, Ben; Zhang, Bo-Peng.. Agile fixture design system for product concurrent design. Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS v 7 n 8 August 2001 p 44-48 1006-5911.
[21] Senthil Kumar, A;Bok,S.H.; Kiran Kumar, R.;Nee, A.Y.C. The development of an interact-enabled semi-automated fixture design system IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 195-200.
[22] Hurtado,J.F;Melkote,S.N. Effect of fixture design variables on fixture-workpiece conformability and static stability George W. Woodruff School of ME, Georgia Institute of Technology IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 189-194.
[23] Kakish,Jamil;Zhang,Per-Liang;Zerd,Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system .Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401.
[24] Lin,Zone-Cheng;Huang,Jen-ching. Application of neural networks in fixture planning by pattern classification. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing v 8 n
4 Aug 1997 Chapman & Hall Ltd p 307-322.
[25] Ma, W.; Lei, Z.; Rong,Y. A computer-aided modular fixture configuration design system. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology v 14 n 1 1998 Springer-Verlag London Ltd. p 21-32
[26] Bai, Y.; Rong, Y. Establishment of modular fixture element assembly relationship for automated fixture design. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering Division, MED v 2-1 Nov 12-17 1999Sponsored by: ASME MED; A SME MH ASME p 805-813
[27] 段广洪，王云莉，毛伟．制造资源构造工具建模．制造技术与机床．2000(1)：35～37
[28] 倪中华，易红，程洁．面向快速重组制造系统的CAPP制造资源模型研究．机械制造．2000(7)：23～25
[29] 戴国洪，倪前富，严隽琪．基于资源模型的创成式CAPP的系统研究．机械设计与制造．1999(5)：24～26
[30] 李红英，范勤．CAPP系统模式及未来展望．交通计算机．1999．10．7(5)：24～27
[31] 黄崇斌．二维板材优化下料快速搜索法．计算机辅助工程，2000，(1)：43～47．
[32] 滕健，李滨慧，施洪生等．用神经网络解决二维不规则零件的排样问题．机械设计与制造工程，1999，28(6)：61～63．
[33] 于洋，查建中，唐晓君．基于学习的遗传算法及其在布局中的应用．计算机学报，2001，21(12)：1242～1249．
[34] 殷国富．工程专家系统技术及其应用．成都科技大学出版社，1993／6．
[35] 大连理工大学工程画教研室．机械制图．高等教育出版社，1993／5．
[36] 王树国，王明德，唐余勇编著．机械工程中几何仿真、建模与求解．国防工业出版社．1993／5．
[37] 郑忠俊，沈予洪，王德庆编著．AutoCAD (R2000)及程序设计．成都科技大学出版社，2000／4．
[38] 罗阳．博士学位论文：机械制造车间生产作业多智能体规划原理与板材套料优化方法的研究，2001／3，42～43．
[39] 王贤坤，陈淑梅，陈亮编著．机械CAD／CAM技术应用与开发．机械工业出版社，2001／2．
[40] 赵会群，鄢仁详，高远．基于组件技术的DDS模型设计与实现．计算机工程，2000，(8)：42～44．
[41] 屈晓刚．建立计算机辅助焊接生产管理系统提高钢板下料的材料利用率．机械，1999，Vol．26(增刊)．
[42] 典型化编程．第四机械工业部第十设计院．工艺简讯编辑部，1977／10．
[43] Qiu Z.M., Chen Y. P., Zhou Z.D., Ong S. K., Nee, A. Y. C.. Multi-user NC machining simulation over the WWW. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology v18 n1 2001 p1-6.
[44]Wang Zhe, Wang Zhixing, Zhong Shisheng .Development on the simulation system of NC machining process based on parallel machine tool. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS 64 Aug 2000 CIMS p 23-26.
[45]Satake Toshifumi, Hayashi Akihiro, Suzuki Hiroshi. Generation of NC instruction codes for multi-axes machine tool by simulation of machine tool motion. Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering v64 n9 Sep 1998 JSPE p1365-1369.
[46]Park Sehyung, Yang Min-Yang, Lee Chong-Won. Simulation of NC machining using a ball end mill. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,Materials Division (Publication) MD v20 Nov 1990 p25-30.
[47]Clayton M. J., Warden R.B., ParkerT. W.. Virtual construction of architecture using 3D CAD and simulation. Automation in Construction v11 n2 February 2002 p227-235.
[48]Grasser T.,Selberherr S. Technology CAD: Device simulation and characterization. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures v20 n1 January/February 2002 American Institute of Physics Inc.
p407-413.
[49]Microsoft Windows Help files. Microsoft Inc. 2000
[50]Burry Mark. Rapid Drototyping, CAD/CAM and human factors. Automation in Construction v 11 n 3 April 2002 p313-333.
[2] Paul Kenneth Wright. 21st Centrury Manufacturing [M]. Prentic-Hall, 2001
[3] 殷国富，陈永华．计算机辅助设计技术与应用[M]．科学出版社，2000．2
[4] Kakish, jamil; Zhang, Per-Liang; Zerd, Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401.
[5] 李治均，陈国定，赵武．计算机辅助工艺设计[M]．成都大学出版社，1997．
[6] 戴同．CAD／CAPP／CAM基本教程[M]．机械工业出版社，1996
[7] Chou. Geometric Reasoning for Layout Design of Machining Fixtures [J].int. J. Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 1999, 7(3), p175～185.
[8] 张杰，沈精虎．Internet／Intranet环境下工程设计[M]．人民邮电出版社，2000．7
[9] 李梦群等．夹具图库系统开发与设计．工程建设与设计[J]，1999年第1期
[10] 马贤智，立勤，石俊伟等．《工艺管理导则》[S]．国家机械工业局，2000．11
[11] 李洪．机械加工工业手册[M]．北京出版社，1990．12
[12] 朱奇志，唐玉茹，李志仁．机床夹具零件及部件生产图册[M]．机械工业出版社，1990．6
[13] 王华，叶爱亮等．Visual C++6.0编程实例玉技巧[M]．机械工业出版社，1999．4
[14] 王德庆，郑忠俊，沈予洪．AutoCAD及程序设计[M]．成都科技大学出版
社，1996．1
[15] 杨黎明．机械零件设计手册[M]．国防工业出版社，1993
[16] 董家儴．计算机辅助工艺过程设计系统智能开发工具[M]．国防工业出版社，1996
[17] 刘良华，朱海东．AutoCAD 2000 ARX开发技术[M]．清华大学出版社，2000．9
[18] de Fazio T L. A Prototype of Feature-based Design for As-sembly[J]. ASME J. of Mech. Design, 1998, 29(8) :575～579.
[19] [Zha X F, et al. Integrated Knowledge-Based Assembly Se-quence Planning [J]. Advanced Manufacturing Technology,1998, 6(5) :354～357.
[20] Li, Min-Bo; Cheng, Ye; Zhao, Ben; Zhang, Bo-Peng.. Agile fixture design system for product concurrent design. Jisuanji Jicheng Zhizao Xitong/Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS v 7 n 8 August 2001 p 44-48 1006-5911.
[21] Senthil Kumar, A;Bok,S.H.; Kiran Kumar, R.;Nee, A.Y.C. The development of an interact-enabled semi-automated fixture design system IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 195-200.
[22] Hurtado,J.F;Melkote,S.N. Effect of fixture design variables on fixture-workpiece conformability and static stability George W. Woodruff School of ME, Georgia Institute of Technology IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics, AIM v 1 Jul 8-12 2001 2001 p 189-194.
[23] Kakish,Jamil;Zhang,Per-Liang;Zerd,Ibrahim. Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system .Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 11 4 Aug 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers p 381-401.
[24] Lin,Zone-Cheng;Huang,Jen-ching. Application of neural networks in fixture planning by pattern classification. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing v 8 n
4 Aug 1997 Chapman & Hall Ltd p 307-322.
[25] Ma, W.; Lei, Z.; Rong,Y. A computer-aided modular fixture configuration design system. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology v 14 n 1 1998 Springer-Verlag London Ltd. p 21-32
[26] Bai, Y.; Rong, Y. Establishment of modular fixture element assembly relationship for automated fixture design. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering Division, MED v 2-1 Nov 12-17 1999Sponsored by: ASME MED; A SME MH ASME p 805-813
[27] 段广洪，王云莉，毛伟．制造资源构造工具建模．制造技术与机床．2000(1)：35～37
[28] 倪中华，易红，程洁．面向快速重组制造系统的CAPP制造资源模型研究．机械制造．2000(7)：23～25
[29] 戴国洪，倪前富，严隽琪．基于资源模型的创成式CAPP的系统研究．机械设计与制造．1999(5)：24～26
[30] 李红英，范勤．CAPP系统模式及未来展望．交通计算机．1999．10．7(5)：24～27
[31] 黄崇斌．二维板材优化下料快速搜索法．计算机辅助工程，2000，(1)：43～47．
[32] 滕健，李滨慧，施洪生等．用神经网络解决二维不规则零件的排样问题．机械设计与制造工程，1999，28(6)：61～63．
[33] 于洋，查建中，唐晓君．基于学习的遗传算法及其在布局中的应用．计算机学报，2001，21(12)：1242～1249．
[34] 殷国富．工程专家系统技术及其应用．成都科技大学出版社，1993／6．
[35] 大连理工大学工程画教研室．机械制图．高等教育出版社，1993／5．
[36] 王树国，王明德，唐余勇编著．机械工程中几何仿真、建模与求解．国防工业出版社．1993／5．
[37] 郑忠俊，沈予洪，王德庆编著．AutoCAD (R2000)及程序设计．成都科技大学出版社，2000／4．
[38] 罗阳．博士学位论文：机械制造车间生产作业多智能体规划原理与板材套料优化方法的研究，2001／3，42～43．
[39] 王贤坤，陈淑梅，陈亮编著．机械CAD／CAM技术应用与开发．机械工业出版社，2001／2．
[40] 赵会群，鄢仁详，高远．基于组件技术的DDS模型设计与实现．计算机工程，2000，(8)：42～44．
[41] 屈晓刚．建立计算机辅助焊接生产管理系统提高钢板下料的材料利用率．机械，1999，Vol．26(增刊)．
[42] 典型化编程．第四机械工业部第十设计院．工艺简讯编辑部，1977／10．
[43] Qiu Z.M., Chen Y. P., Zhou Z.D., Ong S. K., Nee, A. Y. C.. Multi-user NC machining simulation over the WWW. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology v18 n1 2001 p1-6.
[44]Wang Zhe, Wang Zhixing, Zhong Shisheng .Development on the simulation system of NC machining process based on parallel machine tool. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, CIMS 64 Aug 2000 CIMS p 23-26.
[45]Satake Toshifumi, Hayashi Akihiro, Suzuki Hiroshi. Generation of NC instruction codes for multi-axes machine tool by simulation of machine tool motion. Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering v64 n9 Sep 1998 JSPE p1365-1369.
[46]Park Sehyung, Yang Min-Yang, Lee Chong-Won. Simulation of NC machining using a ball end mill. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,Materials Division (Publication) MD v20 Nov 1990 p25-30.
[47]Clayton M. J., Warden R.B., ParkerT. W.. Virtual construction of architecture using 3D CAD and simulation. Automation in Construction v11 n2 February 2002 p227-235.
[48]Grasser T.,Selberherr S. Technology CAD: Device simulation and characterization. Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures v20 n1 January/February 2002 American Institute of Physics Inc.
p407-413.
[49]Microsoft Windows Help files. Microsoft Inc. 2000
[50]Burry Mark. Rapid Drototyping, CAD/CAM and human factors. Automation in Construction v 11 n 3 April 2002 p313-333.