基于主体功能区建设的四川产业结构优化研究
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摘要
区域产业结构优化一直是区域经济学研究的重要课题,也是我国工业化过程中的热点课题。作为一个后起的发展中国家,我国正处在体制转轨和经济快速发展的时期,结构性矛盾始终是一个基本的制约因素。在国际金融危机和国内资源环境矛盾日益尖锐的情况下,优化产业结构更是促进区域经济又好又快发展的重要途径。
然而,区域产业结构优化是一个十分复杂的问题,不仅要考虑产业层面的因素,更要考虑区域资源环境承载能力和功能定位。因此,国家“十一五”规划纲要提出要根据不同区域的资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力构建优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区。这为优化区域产业结构提供了一个新的思路。
本文根据主体功能区建设对区域产业结构优化的影响,以四川省为例,从产业综合发展水平、产业结构合理化水平、产业结构高度化水平、集聚化水平等方面对四川产业结构的整体现状以及各主体功能区产业结构的现状进行了分析。分析结果显示,目前区域内的产业结构存在产业发展与区域主体功能定位不符、产业结构低度化、产业能耗水平高以及产业专业化、集聚化水平较低等问题。
为此,本文认为需根据四川省各主体功能区的功能定位,实施差异化的产业结构优化战略。我们认为,四川省优化开发区要提升产业层次,集中发展高附加值、低耗能、低污染的新兴工业,大力发展现代服务业和现代农业并完成与区域主体功能定位不符产业的转移；重点开发区要壮大产业发展规模,促进产业集群发展,加快优势农业工业化进程,促进第三产业发展并有选择的承接发达区域的产业转移；限制开发区则在坚持保护优先、适度开发和点状发展的原则下,适度发展特色产业；禁止开发区要把生态功能放在第一位,严格控制产业活动。同时,为了使各主体功能区产业结构优化战略得到有效实施,除了市场调节之外,我们认为还必须依靠科学的、分类的区域政策加以指导。
The optimizing of the industrial structure of a region has been an important issue in regional economics, and also is a hot topic in China's industrialization. As a developing country, China is in the period of institutional transition and rapid economic development, but the structural contradiction has always been a fundamental constraint. Because of the international financial crisis and the contradiction among economic development, resource supply and environment protection, the optimizing of the industrial structure plays an even important role in promoting economic development in a sound and rapid way.
However, the regional industrial structure optimization is a very complex issue. So we should not only consider the factors of industrial level, but also the resource and environment carrying capacity and regional functions. Therefore, according to region's resource and environment carrying capacity, development density and potential development ability, the 11th Five-year Plan put forward that our national space should be divided into four types Principal Function Region:optimizing development zone, key zones for development, restricted development zones and the forbidden development zones. This provides a new approach to research the regional industrial structure optimization.
Based on studies in Sichuan, according to the impacts of the Principal Function Region on industrial structure optimization, and considering the industrial development level, the rationalization, supererogation and agglomeration of the industrial structure, this thesis analyzes the status of the industrial structure in Sichuan and its four types of Principal Function Regions. The results indicate that the current industrial structure has some problems such as industrial development not consistent with regional functions, low industrial structure, high levels of resources consumption and low agglomeration.
The author believes that strategies of industrial structure optimization should be established for different types of Principal Function Regions in Sichuan. Optimizing development zone in Sichuan should upgrade industrial structure, develop new industry that is high additional value, low energy consumption and low pollution in a concentrated way, develop modern service industry and modern agriculture and transfer the industry which is not consistent with regional functions. Key zones for development need to enlarge the industrial scale, promote the development of industrial clusters and tertiary industry, speed up the process of industrialization of advantage agriculture and carry on the transfer of industries from developed regions in a chosen way. For restricted development zones, characteristic industry should be developed under the resource and environment carrying capacity. For the forbidden development zones, however, ecological functions must be in the first place, and industrial activities should be strictly controlled. At the same time, in addition to market regulation, scientific and classified regional policies are needed to ensure that all strategies of industrial structure optimization could be effectively implemented.
然而,区域产业结构优化是一个十分复杂的问题,不仅要考虑产业层面的因素,更要考虑区域资源环境承载能力和功能定位。因此,国家“十一五”规划纲要提出要根据不同区域的资源环境承载能力、现有开发密度和发展潜力构建优化开发、重点开发、限制开发和禁止开发四类主体功能区。这为优化区域产业结构提供了一个新的思路。
本文根据主体功能区建设对区域产业结构优化的影响,以四川省为例,从产业综合发展水平、产业结构合理化水平、产业结构高度化水平、集聚化水平等方面对四川产业结构的整体现状以及各主体功能区产业结构的现状进行了分析。分析结果显示,目前区域内的产业结构存在产业发展与区域主体功能定位不符、产业结构低度化、产业能耗水平高以及产业专业化、集聚化水平较低等问题。
为此,本文认为需根据四川省各主体功能区的功能定位,实施差异化的产业结构优化战略。我们认为,四川省优化开发区要提升产业层次,集中发展高附加值、低耗能、低污染的新兴工业,大力发展现代服务业和现代农业并完成与区域主体功能定位不符产业的转移；重点开发区要壮大产业发展规模,促进产业集群发展,加快优势农业工业化进程,促进第三产业发展并有选择的承接发达区域的产业转移；限制开发区则在坚持保护优先、适度开发和点状发展的原则下,适度发展特色产业；禁止开发区要把生态功能放在第一位,严格控制产业活动。同时,为了使各主体功能区产业结构优化战略得到有效实施,除了市场调节之外,我们认为还必须依靠科学的、分类的区域政策加以指导。
The optimizing of the industrial structure of a region has been an important issue in regional economics, and also is a hot topic in China's industrialization. As a developing country, China is in the period of institutional transition and rapid economic development, but the structural contradiction has always been a fundamental constraint. Because of the international financial crisis and the contradiction among economic development, resource supply and environment protection, the optimizing of the industrial structure plays an even important role in promoting economic development in a sound and rapid way.
However, the regional industrial structure optimization is a very complex issue. So we should not only consider the factors of industrial level, but also the resource and environment carrying capacity and regional functions. Therefore, according to region's resource and environment carrying capacity, development density and potential development ability, the 11th Five-year Plan put forward that our national space should be divided into four types Principal Function Region:optimizing development zone, key zones for development, restricted development zones and the forbidden development zones. This provides a new approach to research the regional industrial structure optimization.
Based on studies in Sichuan, according to the impacts of the Principal Function Region on industrial structure optimization, and considering the industrial development level, the rationalization, supererogation and agglomeration of the industrial structure, this thesis analyzes the status of the industrial structure in Sichuan and its four types of Principal Function Regions. The results indicate that the current industrial structure has some problems such as industrial development not consistent with regional functions, low industrial structure, high levels of resources consumption and low agglomeration.
The author believes that strategies of industrial structure optimization should be established for different types of Principal Function Regions in Sichuan. Optimizing development zone in Sichuan should upgrade industrial structure, develop new industry that is high additional value, low energy consumption and low pollution in a concentrated way, develop modern service industry and modern agriculture and transfer the industry which is not consistent with regional functions. Key zones for development need to enlarge the industrial scale, promote the development of industrial clusters and tertiary industry, speed up the process of industrialization of advantage agriculture and carry on the transfer of industries from developed regions in a chosen way. For restricted development zones, characteristic industry should be developed under the resource and environment carrying capacity. For the forbidden development zones, however, ecological functions must be in the first place, and industrial activities should be strictly controlled. At the same time, in addition to market regulation, scientific and classified regional policies are needed to ensure that all strategies of industrial structure optimization could be effectively implemented.
引文
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[2]Gereffi G. The global spparel value chain:what prospects for upgrading by developing Countries [A]. The International Conference of UNIDO[C]. Austria,2003
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[4]Humphrey J and Schmitz H. Governance in global value chains[J]. IDS Bulletin-Institute of Development Studies,2001,32(3)
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[7]邬义钧、邱钧.产业经济学[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2001
[8]龚仰军.产业结构研究[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2002
[9]杨治.产业经济学导论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1985
[10]王述英.现代产业经济理论与政策[M].太原：山西出版社,1999
[11]周振华.产业结构优化论[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1992
[12]邓玲,杜黎明.主体功能区区划与建设——区域协调发展的新视野[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2007
[13]张平.中国区域产业结构演进与优化[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2005
[14]高国力.我国主体功能区划分与政策研究[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2008
[15]安虎森.区域经济通论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2004
[16]聂华林、王成勇.区域经济学通论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社
[17]杨伟民.关于推进形成主体功能区的几个问题[J].中国经贸导刊,2007(2)
[18]张杏梅.主体功能区建设的政策建议[J].经济问题,2007(9)
[19]刘玉.主体功能区建设的区域效应与实施建议[J].宏观经济管理,2007(9)
[20]李振京,冯冰.主体功能区建设的制度保障调研与建议[J].宏观经济管理,2007(5)
[21]魏后凯.对推进形成主体功能区的冷思考[J].中国发展观察,2007(3)
[22]李红梅.世纪中国产业结构调整的战略选择[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2000(6)
[23]张立厚,陈鸣中.石龙镇产业结构优化的系统仿真分析[J].工业工程,2000(3)
[24]黄继忠.对产业结构优化理论中一个新命题的论证[J].经济管理新管理,2002(4)
[25]徐杏.消费结构、产业结构和就业结构的联动分析[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(3)
[26]宋锦剑.论产业结构优化升级的测度问题[J].当代经济科学,2000(3)
[27]陈静,叶文振.产业结构优化水平的度量及其影响因素分析[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2003(1)
[28]潘文卿.一个基于可持续发展的产业结构优化模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(7)
[29]谢曼.构建重庆市产业结构优化模型一投入产出研究[J].生产力研究,2002(1)
[30]赵卓,孙燕东,曾晖.GM(1,N)模型在产业结构分析中的应用[J].技术经济,2003(1)
[31]汪传旭,刘大镕.产业结构合理化的定量分析模型[J].技术经济,2002(4)
[32]刘思峰,唐学问,党耀国.产业结构有序度研究[J].经济学动态,2004(5)
[33]何永芳.四川“十一五”时期主导产业新选择[J].财经科学,2006(9)
[34]李富佳,韩增林,王利.主体功能区划下过渡期辽宁省限制开发区发展模式[J].地理科学进展,2008(9)
[35]胡方勇.灾后四川产业结构调整研究[J].中共成都市委党校学报,2009(1)
[36]陈佳丽.关于重点开发区域主体功能定位的思考_以河南省为例[J].地域研究与开发,2007(5)
[37]杨连云.主体功能区划分与京津冀区域产业布局[J].天津行政学院学报,2008(6)
[38]黄勤、刘波.四川产业结构变迁及其生态环境效应研究[J].西南民族大学学报,2009(6)
[39]杨振中.地震灾后四川高技术产业布局[J].决策咨询通讯,2008(增刊)
[40]张继英.主体功能区格局下的甘肃省产业结构调整[J].兰州大学学报,2008(6)
[41]杜黎明.推进形成主体功能区的区域政策研究[J].西南民族大学学报,2008(6)
[42]徐明、杜黎明.协同推进四川灾后重建与主体功能区建设的发展路径[J].财经科学,2008(9)
[43]吴兆华.承接东部产业转移,加快四川经济发展[J].中共四川省委省级机关党校学报,2008(2)
[44]张克俊.以产业集群提升四川工业竞争力的主要思路[J].四川省情,2007(2)
[45]国务院发展研究中心,推进形成主体功能区的产业政策研究,内部资料
[46]四川省国民经济社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要
[47]成都市国民经济社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要
[48]曾勉.利用FDI促进四川产业结构调整的策略研究[D].成都：西南财经大学,2007.
[49]郑备.论四川产业结构优化中的空间协调[D].成都：四川大学,2006.
[2]Gereffi G. The global spparel value chain:what prospects for upgrading by developing Countries [A]. The International Conference of UNIDO[C]. Austria,2003
[3]Farrell D. Beyond offshoring:assess your company's global potential [J]. Harvard Business Review,2004,82(12)
[4]Humphrey J and Schmitz H. Governance in global value chains[J]. IDS Bulletin-Institute of Development Studies,2001,32(3)
[5]Storper M. The transition to flexible specialization in industry[J]. Cambridge Journal of Economics,1989,13
[6]苏东水.产业经济学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2000
[7]邬义钧、邱钧.产业经济学[M].北京：中国统计出版社,2001
[8]龚仰军.产业结构研究[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2002
[9]杨治.产业经济学导论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1985
[10]王述英.现代产业经济理论与政策[M].太原：山西出版社,1999
[11]周振华.产业结构优化论[M].上海：上海人民出版社,1992
[12]邓玲,杜黎明.主体功能区区划与建设——区域协调发展的新视野[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,2007
[13]张平.中国区域产业结构演进与优化[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2005
[14]高国力.我国主体功能区划分与政策研究[M].北京：中国计划出版社,2008
[15]安虎森.区域经济通论[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2004
[16]聂华林、王成勇.区域经济学通论[M].北京：中国社会科学出版社
[17]杨伟民.关于推进形成主体功能区的几个问题[J].中国经贸导刊,2007(2)
[18]张杏梅.主体功能区建设的政策建议[J].经济问题,2007(9)
[19]刘玉.主体功能区建设的区域效应与实施建议[J].宏观经济管理,2007(9)
[20]李振京,冯冰.主体功能区建设的制度保障调研与建议[J].宏观经济管理,2007(5)
[21]魏后凯.对推进形成主体功能区的冷思考[J].中国发展观察,2007(3)
[22]李红梅.世纪中国产业结构调整的战略选择[J].首都师范大学学报(社会科学版),2000(6)
[23]张立厚,陈鸣中.石龙镇产业结构优化的系统仿真分析[J].工业工程,2000(3)
[24]黄继忠.对产业结构优化理论中一个新命题的论证[J].经济管理新管理,2002(4)
[25]徐杏.消费结构、产业结构和就业结构的联动分析[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2000(3)
[26]宋锦剑.论产业结构优化升级的测度问题[J].当代经济科学,2000(3)
[27]陈静,叶文振.产业结构优化水平的度量及其影响因素分析[J].中共福建省委党校学报,2003(1)
[28]潘文卿.一个基于可持续发展的产业结构优化模型[J].系统工程理论与实践,2002(7)
[29]谢曼.构建重庆市产业结构优化模型一投入产出研究[J].生产力研究,2002(1)
[30]赵卓,孙燕东,曾晖.GM(1,N)模型在产业结构分析中的应用[J].技术经济,2003(1)
[31]汪传旭,刘大镕.产业结构合理化的定量分析模型[J].技术经济,2002(4)
[32]刘思峰,唐学问,党耀国.产业结构有序度研究[J].经济学动态,2004(5)
[33]何永芳.四川“十一五”时期主导产业新选择[J].财经科学,2006(9)
[34]李富佳,韩增林,王利.主体功能区划下过渡期辽宁省限制开发区发展模式[J].地理科学进展,2008(9)
[35]胡方勇.灾后四川产业结构调整研究[J].中共成都市委党校学报,2009(1)
[36]陈佳丽.关于重点开发区域主体功能定位的思考_以河南省为例[J].地域研究与开发,2007(5)
[37]杨连云.主体功能区划分与京津冀区域产业布局[J].天津行政学院学报,2008(6)
[38]黄勤、刘波.四川产业结构变迁及其生态环境效应研究[J].西南民族大学学报,2009(6)
[39]杨振中.地震灾后四川高技术产业布局[J].决策咨询通讯,2008(增刊)
[40]张继英.主体功能区格局下的甘肃省产业结构调整[J].兰州大学学报,2008(6)
[41]杜黎明.推进形成主体功能区的区域政策研究[J].西南民族大学学报,2008(6)
[42]徐明、杜黎明.协同推进四川灾后重建与主体功能区建设的发展路径[J].财经科学,2008(9)
[43]吴兆华.承接东部产业转移,加快四川经济发展[J].中共四川省委省级机关党校学报,2008(2)
[44]张克俊.以产业集群提升四川工业竞争力的主要思路[J].四川省情,2007(2)
[45]国务院发展研究中心,推进形成主体功能区的产业政策研究,内部资料
[46]四川省国民经济社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要
[47]成都市国民经济社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要
[48]曾勉.利用FDI促进四川产业结构调整的策略研究[D].成都：西南财经大学,2007.
[49]郑备.论四川产业结构优化中的空间协调[D].成都：四川大学,2006.