黄河梯级水库水电沙一体化调度研究
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摘要
本文以黄河梯级水库水电沙一体化优化调度的理论基础、相关数学模型的建立和求解、优化决策的实现方法为研究对象，系统分析了梯级水库群的功能评价、黄河梯级水库水量调度问题、梯级水库电站发电调度问题、水库排沙调度问题、梯级水库水电沙一体化调度的主要理论和方法、梯级水库水电沙一体化调度管理系统如何实现等重要问题，得出了相应的结论。
本文提出建立黄河梯级水库群功能评价体系。明确了指标权重的获取以及指标量化方法，主要就水库调度功能综合评价方法和应用进行了研究。通过对多级模糊综合评价理论的分析，建立了梯级水库调度功能综合评价的模糊综合评价模型，设计了模糊综合评价的流程。结果表明，本文提出的分析方法能较为客观地分析水库对调度运行的贡献和自身的调度运行趋势，为宏观调度决策提供了新的方法和思路。
本文通过对黄河水量调度问题进行研究，分析了黄河水资源的特点、水量调度的特点、调度工作的历史发展和调度决策过程。通过介绍目前黄河水量调度主要采用的自适应模型，提出为使水调工作和电调工作不发生大的矛盾，应在自适应模型的求解环节中加入发电指标的改进决策方法。
本文通过分析黄河水能利用概况，结合水能的可储备、随机性、灵活性的突出特点，介绍了黄河水能开发的历史以及目前黄河干流己建成的大型水利枢纽工程的主要水能指标。对于梯级水电站优化调度运行问题作了展开分析，介绍了主要的优化调度问题和优化准则。基于水电站最优运行的原则和黄河上重点水电站的特性，本文以黄河上的李家峡电站和万家寨电站为例，主要研究了电站短期优化调度运行问题。本文根据工程实际需求，提出并建立定水量调峰和分时电价下的梯级电站发电模型并优化求解。提出了梯级调峰适应度指标，通过分析影响梯级调峰的主要因素，建立了判断梯级调峰适应性的概化模型。
本文通过总结并综合分析多沙河流水库排沙调度的方法，研究了黄河上处于不同淤积阶段的青铜峡、三门峡、万家寨、小浪底四座大型工程，说明多泥沙河流不同淤积阶段的排沙调度运行方式，引入适用的模型和方法对这些水库进行排沙优化调度研究，对多沙河流的大型水利枢纽综合优化运行调度总结出一套较为全面的研究理论和解决方案。
本文首次提出了“水电沙一体化”调度的概念，分析了日常所用“一体化”概念的主要特点，针对黄河梯级水库调度的理论和实践，从主体（即调度者）和客体（即调度对象）的不同角度分析了“一体化”概念在梯级水库调度中的内涵和外延。重点对黄河梯级水库调度涉及的流域机构、电网、发电企业、用水部门等作了主体关系分析，对“水”“电”“沙”三项主要指标的相互关系进行了综合分析。同时提出实现一体化调度需要应用的多学科理论体系，研究了黄河梯级电站实行一体化调度的可行性和关键技术。
最后，本文提出建立黄河梯级水库一体化调度管理系统。从黄河上游梯级水电群、西北电网和流域机构的日常调度业务出发，研究了一体化调度系统的概念和意义，根据西北电网在黄河上游水调工作中的地位，分析了建设一体化调度系统的现实需求。本章对黄河上游水电沙一体化系统进行了功能和结构设计，包括优化模型设计等重要内容，提出了系统建设方案和系统总体设计方案，最后并对系统的建设和实施方案中的关键技术路线作了阐述。
This dissertation researched on the Water/Electricity/Sediment integrative operation of cascaded reservoirs on the Yellow River, built involved mathematical models, brought forward the operation methods, and analyzed the problems as below: the evaluation of the function of cascade reservoirs; water regulating; the power operation of cascaded hydropower stations; rush out sediment operation; Water/ Electricity/Sediment operation of cascaded reservoirs on the Yellow River respectively, finally, the theoretic and how to realize Integrative operation.
The dissertation brought forward how to build the function evaluation model of Cascaded Reservoirs on the Yellow River. Define the index weight and how to require appropriate index, mainly researched on the evaluation and application method. Build the operation model based on the theory of Multilevel Fuzzy Integrative Evaluation, and design the related work flow. As a result, the model in this dissertation objectively analyzed Reservoirs’contribution to the operation and itself operation trend, offered a new method and solution for macroscopical decision-making.
The dissertation analyzed the character of Yellow River, the Water Regulating, the history of Regulating and the decision-making procedure. Introduce the Self-adaptive Method now widely used, and then bring forward to improve the Generate Electricity Index in the resolution, in order to avoid conflicts between Water and Power Operation.
The dissertation introduced the history of projects construction development on Yellow River and the main projects have been built up, based on the analysis of the usage of Yellow River, and the hydropower character of stored, random and flexible. The dissertation lucubrated on the cascaded powerstations operation, introduced the key problems and operation rules. Take Lijiaxia and Wanjiazhai for example, researched the short-term operation. To satisfy the practical demand, bring forward and build the model of Shaving Peak under fixed water amount and Cascaded Reservoirs generating electricity in the time-of-use electricity price. Bring forward the Cascade Shaving Peak adaption index, and build a general model to judge the adaption.
The dissertation summarized and analyzed in-depth Qingtongxia, Sanmenxia, Wanjiazhai, and Xiaolangdi, which are in the different deposition location, amplify on the Rush out Sediment Operation on the different deposition location in sediment-laden river, and then summarized a general theory and suitable resolution.
The dissertation brought forward“Water/ Electricity/Sediment Integrative operation”in the first time, analyzed the character of“Integration”, and then analyzed the intension and extension of“Integration”from the principal (Operator) and object (Objective), stressed on the analysis of Yellow River Institution, Electricity Net, Generating Electricity Plant and Water Department in the Operation, and explained the inter-relation of“Water”,“Electricity”,“Sediment”. In succession, brought forward Multi-disciplinary of Integration Operation, and researched on the feasibility and key technology.
Finally, the dissertation brought forward to build the Management System of Cascaded Reservoirs Integrative Operation. Take the operating affairs of projects on upstream, Northwest State Grid and the Yellow River Conservancy Commission as the start, researched the conception and signification of“Integrative Operation”, and analyzed the practical need on building“Integrative Operation System”based on the significance of Northwest State Grid to Yellow River. In the last chapter, design the functions and structures of models, including the operation models, bring forward the concrete scheme, and explain some key technique.
本文提出建立黄河梯级水库群功能评价体系。明确了指标权重的获取以及指标量化方法，主要就水库调度功能综合评价方法和应用进行了研究。通过对多级模糊综合评价理论的分析，建立了梯级水库调度功能综合评价的模糊综合评价模型，设计了模糊综合评价的流程。结果表明，本文提出的分析方法能较为客观地分析水库对调度运行的贡献和自身的调度运行趋势，为宏观调度决策提供了新的方法和思路。
本文通过对黄河水量调度问题进行研究，分析了黄河水资源的特点、水量调度的特点、调度工作的历史发展和调度决策过程。通过介绍目前黄河水量调度主要采用的自适应模型，提出为使水调工作和电调工作不发生大的矛盾，应在自适应模型的求解环节中加入发电指标的改进决策方法。
本文通过分析黄河水能利用概况，结合水能的可储备、随机性、灵活性的突出特点，介绍了黄河水能开发的历史以及目前黄河干流己建成的大型水利枢纽工程的主要水能指标。对于梯级水电站优化调度运行问题作了展开分析，介绍了主要的优化调度问题和优化准则。基于水电站最优运行的原则和黄河上重点水电站的特性，本文以黄河上的李家峡电站和万家寨电站为例，主要研究了电站短期优化调度运行问题。本文根据工程实际需求，提出并建立定水量调峰和分时电价下的梯级电站发电模型并优化求解。提出了梯级调峰适应度指标，通过分析影响梯级调峰的主要因素，建立了判断梯级调峰适应性的概化模型。
本文通过总结并综合分析多沙河流水库排沙调度的方法，研究了黄河上处于不同淤积阶段的青铜峡、三门峡、万家寨、小浪底四座大型工程，说明多泥沙河流不同淤积阶段的排沙调度运行方式，引入适用的模型和方法对这些水库进行排沙优化调度研究，对多沙河流的大型水利枢纽综合优化运行调度总结出一套较为全面的研究理论和解决方案。
本文首次提出了“水电沙一体化”调度的概念，分析了日常所用“一体化”概念的主要特点，针对黄河梯级水库调度的理论和实践，从主体（即调度者）和客体（即调度对象）的不同角度分析了“一体化”概念在梯级水库调度中的内涵和外延。重点对黄河梯级水库调度涉及的流域机构、电网、发电企业、用水部门等作了主体关系分析，对“水”“电”“沙”三项主要指标的相互关系进行了综合分析。同时提出实现一体化调度需要应用的多学科理论体系，研究了黄河梯级电站实行一体化调度的可行性和关键技术。
最后，本文提出建立黄河梯级水库一体化调度管理系统。从黄河上游梯级水电群、西北电网和流域机构的日常调度业务出发，研究了一体化调度系统的概念和意义，根据西北电网在黄河上游水调工作中的地位，分析了建设一体化调度系统的现实需求。本章对黄河上游水电沙一体化系统进行了功能和结构设计，包括优化模型设计等重要内容，提出了系统建设方案和系统总体设计方案，最后并对系统的建设和实施方案中的关键技术路线作了阐述。
This dissertation researched on the Water/Electricity/Sediment integrative operation of cascaded reservoirs on the Yellow River, built involved mathematical models, brought forward the operation methods, and analyzed the problems as below: the evaluation of the function of cascade reservoirs; water regulating; the power operation of cascaded hydropower stations; rush out sediment operation; Water/ Electricity/Sediment operation of cascaded reservoirs on the Yellow River respectively, finally, the theoretic and how to realize Integrative operation.
The dissertation brought forward how to build the function evaluation model of Cascaded Reservoirs on the Yellow River. Define the index weight and how to require appropriate index, mainly researched on the evaluation and application method. Build the operation model based on the theory of Multilevel Fuzzy Integrative Evaluation, and design the related work flow. As a result, the model in this dissertation objectively analyzed Reservoirs’contribution to the operation and itself operation trend, offered a new method and solution for macroscopical decision-making.
The dissertation analyzed the character of Yellow River, the Water Regulating, the history of Regulating and the decision-making procedure. Introduce the Self-adaptive Method now widely used, and then bring forward to improve the Generate Electricity Index in the resolution, in order to avoid conflicts between Water and Power Operation.
The dissertation introduced the history of projects construction development on Yellow River and the main projects have been built up, based on the analysis of the usage of Yellow River, and the hydropower character of stored, random and flexible. The dissertation lucubrated on the cascaded powerstations operation, introduced the key problems and operation rules. Take Lijiaxia and Wanjiazhai for example, researched the short-term operation. To satisfy the practical demand, bring forward and build the model of Shaving Peak under fixed water amount and Cascaded Reservoirs generating electricity in the time-of-use electricity price. Bring forward the Cascade Shaving Peak adaption index, and build a general model to judge the adaption.
The dissertation summarized and analyzed in-depth Qingtongxia, Sanmenxia, Wanjiazhai, and Xiaolangdi, which are in the different deposition location, amplify on the Rush out Sediment Operation on the different deposition location in sediment-laden river, and then summarized a general theory and suitable resolution.
The dissertation brought forward“Water/ Electricity/Sediment Integrative operation”in the first time, analyzed the character of“Integration”, and then analyzed the intension and extension of“Integration”from the principal (Operator) and object (Objective), stressed on the analysis of Yellow River Institution, Electricity Net, Generating Electricity Plant and Water Department in the Operation, and explained the inter-relation of“Water”,“Electricity”,“Sediment”. In succession, brought forward Multi-disciplinary of Integration Operation, and researched on the feasibility and key technology.
Finally, the dissertation brought forward to build the Management System of Cascaded Reservoirs Integrative Operation. Take the operating affairs of projects on upstream, Northwest State Grid and the Yellow River Conservancy Commission as the start, researched the conception and signification of“Integrative Operation”, and analyzed the practical need on building“Integrative Operation System”based on the significance of Northwest State Grid to Yellow River. In the last chapter, design the functions and structures of models, including the operation models, bring forward the concrete scheme, and explain some key technique.
引文
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