中国石油山东销售公司成品油二次物流优化研究
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摘要
近年来,物流作为“企业第三利润源泉”引起了国内各行业的极大关注。关于物流优化方面的理论研究与实践,也正在不断深入和全面展开。
本文立足于中国石油山东销售公司的实际业务,从发现问题、分析问题入手,借鉴国内外的研究成果,以降低企业的物流成本、增加经济效益为目标,主要从加油站销量的准确预测、油库与加油站库存的合理控制、加油站补货点及最佳进货批量的确定、配送时间窗以及配送计划的科学制定等与配送业务密切相关的各方面,对成品油二次物流的优化问题进行了研究和探讨。
在对加油站销量预测的研究中,以山东公司实际业务数据为例,对目前常用的算术平均法、移动平均法、指数平滑法的预测效果进行了对比分析后,确定选择采用移动平均法作为定量预测方法,并建立了定量预测与定性预测相结合的预测模型。
在对油库与加油站库存的合理控制、加油站补货点与最佳配货批量的确定、配送时间窗的研究中,综合考虑了配送费用最低,库存资金占用合理、车辆运行效率提高三项主要研究目标,分别建立了优化的模型。
最后,对配送计划的科学制定进行了重点研究,采用了加油站补货计划生成与配送车辆合理配置两阶段法,分别建立了优化的模型,并选择了遗传算法作为求解方法。在对加油站补货计划生成的研究中,为避免不合理运输现象的发生,建立了加油站补货计划调整与油库库存控制相结合的优化模型,这在目前成品油配送优化研究领域中尚属创新。
本文所研究的主要内容,基本上覆盖了成品油配送业务的各主要环节,且均建立了科学的求解模型,具有较强的可操作性,对实现中国石油山东销售公司成品油二次物流优化具有切实的指导意义。
In recent years, the logistics as"the third profit source of business" caused a great deal of attention in the domestic industry. About theory research and practice of the logistics optimization, is also in full swing and continued to deepen.
In this paper, it researches and investigates the problems of refined oil secondary allocation optimizes. Based on actual business of Shandong Marketing Company of PetroChina, from the discovery of the questions, and the analysis of the issue, drawing on the results of research at home and abroad ,in order to reduce logistics costs and increase economic efficiency as the goal, mainly from the gas station to accurately forecast sales volume, oil depots and gas stations a reasonable inventory control, gas stations replenishment point and the best determination of purchase quantities, delivery time windows, as well as the scientific development of distribution plans and so on, which is closely related to various aspects of the distribution business.
In the study of forecasting sales volume of gas stations, taking the actual business data in Shandong marketing company as an example, after the comparative analysis on forecasting the effects among the current commonly used arithmetic average method, moving average method, exponential smoothing method, It selects moving-average method as the quantitative prediction method, and establishes the prediction model of combination quantitative prediction and qualitative prediction.
In the study of oil depots and gas stations at a reasonable inventory control, replenishment stations with the best determination of distribution volume, and distribution time window, taking the three major research goal including the lowest cost distribution, inventory capital reasonable occupied, the efficiency of vehicles enhancing into account ,it sets up the optimize model separately.
Finally, it conducts the key research on the science formulation to allocated and dispatched plan, through two terrace works both the gas station making up the goods plan to produce and the vehicles allocated and dispatched to dispose reasonably, and has established the optimized model separately, and chose the genetic algorithm to take the solution method. In makes up the goods plan production to the gas station in the research, to avoid unreasonable occurred, established the gas station to make up the optimized model which the goods plan adjustment and the fuel depot inventory control unified, it is still the innovation in the present refined oil allocation optimization research area.
This article studies the primary coverage, has basically covered refined oil allocation service each key link, and has established the science solution model, has the strong feasibility, has the practical guiding sense to realize the optimizations of refined oil distribution for Shandong Marketing Company of PetroChina.
本文立足于中国石油山东销售公司的实际业务,从发现问题、分析问题入手,借鉴国内外的研究成果,以降低企业的物流成本、增加经济效益为目标,主要从加油站销量的准确预测、油库与加油站库存的合理控制、加油站补货点及最佳进货批量的确定、配送时间窗以及配送计划的科学制定等与配送业务密切相关的各方面,对成品油二次物流的优化问题进行了研究和探讨。
在对加油站销量预测的研究中,以山东公司实际业务数据为例,对目前常用的算术平均法、移动平均法、指数平滑法的预测效果进行了对比分析后,确定选择采用移动平均法作为定量预测方法,并建立了定量预测与定性预测相结合的预测模型。
在对油库与加油站库存的合理控制、加油站补货点与最佳配货批量的确定、配送时间窗的研究中,综合考虑了配送费用最低,库存资金占用合理、车辆运行效率提高三项主要研究目标,分别建立了优化的模型。
最后,对配送计划的科学制定进行了重点研究,采用了加油站补货计划生成与配送车辆合理配置两阶段法,分别建立了优化的模型,并选择了遗传算法作为求解方法。在对加油站补货计划生成的研究中,为避免不合理运输现象的发生,建立了加油站补货计划调整与油库库存控制相结合的优化模型,这在目前成品油配送优化研究领域中尚属创新。
本文所研究的主要内容,基本上覆盖了成品油配送业务的各主要环节,且均建立了科学的求解模型,具有较强的可操作性,对实现中国石油山东销售公司成品油二次物流优化具有切实的指导意义。
In recent years, the logistics as"the third profit source of business" caused a great deal of attention in the domestic industry. About theory research and practice of the logistics optimization, is also in full swing and continued to deepen.
In this paper, it researches and investigates the problems of refined oil secondary allocation optimizes. Based on actual business of Shandong Marketing Company of PetroChina, from the discovery of the questions, and the analysis of the issue, drawing on the results of research at home and abroad ,in order to reduce logistics costs and increase economic efficiency as the goal, mainly from the gas station to accurately forecast sales volume, oil depots and gas stations a reasonable inventory control, gas stations replenishment point and the best determination of purchase quantities, delivery time windows, as well as the scientific development of distribution plans and so on, which is closely related to various aspects of the distribution business.
In the study of forecasting sales volume of gas stations, taking the actual business data in Shandong marketing company as an example, after the comparative analysis on forecasting the effects among the current commonly used arithmetic average method, moving average method, exponential smoothing method, It selects moving-average method as the quantitative prediction method, and establishes the prediction model of combination quantitative prediction and qualitative prediction.
In the study of oil depots and gas stations at a reasonable inventory control, replenishment stations with the best determination of distribution volume, and distribution time window, taking the three major research goal including the lowest cost distribution, inventory capital reasonable occupied, the efficiency of vehicles enhancing into account ,it sets up the optimize model separately.
Finally, it conducts the key research on the science formulation to allocated and dispatched plan, through two terrace works both the gas station making up the goods plan to produce and the vehicles allocated and dispatched to dispose reasonably, and has established the optimized model separately, and chose the genetic algorithm to take the solution method. In makes up the goods plan production to the gas station in the research, to avoid unreasonable occurred, established the gas station to make up the optimized model which the goods plan adjustment and the fuel depot inventory control unified, it is still the innovation in the present refined oil allocation optimization research area.
This article studies the primary coverage, has basically covered refined oil allocation service each key link, and has established the science solution model, has the strong feasibility, has the practical guiding sense to realize the optimizations of refined oil distribution for Shandong Marketing Company of PetroChina.
引文
[1]刘渝,王东,纪寿文等.物流师基础.中国劳动社会保障出版社.2005.3.7-8
[2]徐梅,陈顺.我国成品油物流系统的发展探讨.物流技术.2005.10.81-82
[3]田景惠.现代成品油物流管理.石油工业出版社.2007.4.184-190
[4]谢如鹤,罗荣武,郑国华等.物流师.中国劳动社会保障出版社.2004.317-323
[5]孙学农,徐辉增.物流配送车辆调度问题方法综述.科技信息(学术研究).2007.12.225-226
[6]徐剑,牟燕妮,张尹聪等.物流配送车辆调度优化方法比较研究.物流科技.2006.2.46-49
[7]王景恒.配送式物流配送车辆综合调度优化算法.工业技术经济.2005.12.123
[8]马景辉.优化我国石油企业成品油物流探讨.商场现代化.2005.10.145
[9]梅生伟,申铁龙,刘康志.现代鲁棒控制理论与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[10]周在青,杨志刚.现代物流管理.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[11]Desrocher,J.,Sauve,M.Soumis,F.Lagrangian Relaxation Methods for Solving the Minimum Fleet Size Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows.Management Science.1988,34(8):1005-1022.
[12]杨锦冬,徐丽群.城市物流中心车辆配送配载调度指派模型研究.同济大学学报.2004.11.1454
[13]刘文达,李苏剑,廖明艳.成品油配送计划编制与优化研究.物流技术.2005.9.22-23
[14]金玲,李苏剑,唐琳等.基于启发式算法的成品油配送计划研究.物流技术.2007.1.58-59
[15]袁庆达,杜文,周再玲.带软时间窗的混合车队车辆路线问题的模型和算法研究.西南交通大学学报.第36卷第4期.2001.8.401-406
[16]廖良才,王栋,周峰.基于混合遗传算法的物流配送车辆调度优化问题求解方法.系统工程.2008.10.
[17]姜大立,杨西龙,杜文,周贤伟.车辆路径问题的遗传算法研究.系统工程理论与实践.1996.6.40-45
[18]郎茂祥,胡思继.用混合遗传算法求解物流配送路径优化问题的研究.中国管理科学.2002.10.(2).51-56
[19]肖鹏,李茂军,张军平,叶涛.单亲遗传算法及其在物流配送系统中的应用.系统工程.2000.18.(1).64-66
[20]谢秉磊,孙毅,李荣喜.求解配送＼收集旅行商问题的遗传算法.陕西工学院学报.2002.18(1).70-74
[21]贺国先,刘凯.优化物流中心配送方案的遗传算法.系统工程理论与实践.2003.(4).76-81
[2]徐梅,陈顺.我国成品油物流系统的发展探讨.物流技术.2005.10.81-82
[3]田景惠.现代成品油物流管理.石油工业出版社.2007.4.184-190
[4]谢如鹤,罗荣武,郑国华等.物流师.中国劳动社会保障出版社.2004.317-323
[5]孙学农,徐辉增.物流配送车辆调度问题方法综述.科技信息(学术研究).2007.12.225-226
[6]徐剑,牟燕妮,张尹聪等.物流配送车辆调度优化方法比较研究.物流科技.2006.2.46-49
[7]王景恒.配送式物流配送车辆综合调度优化算法.工业技术经济.2005.12.123
[8]马景辉.优化我国石油企业成品油物流探讨.商场现代化.2005.10.145
[9]梅生伟,申铁龙,刘康志.现代鲁棒控制理论与应用.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[10]周在青,杨志刚.现代物流管理.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[11]Desrocher,J.,Sauve,M.Soumis,F.Lagrangian Relaxation Methods for Solving the Minimum Fleet Size Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows.Management Science.1988,34(8):1005-1022.
[12]杨锦冬,徐丽群.城市物流中心车辆配送配载调度指派模型研究.同济大学学报.2004.11.1454
[13]刘文达,李苏剑,廖明艳.成品油配送计划编制与优化研究.物流技术.2005.9.22-23
[14]金玲,李苏剑,唐琳等.基于启发式算法的成品油配送计划研究.物流技术.2007.1.58-59
[15]袁庆达,杜文,周再玲.带软时间窗的混合车队车辆路线问题的模型和算法研究.西南交通大学学报.第36卷第4期.2001.8.401-406
[16]廖良才,王栋,周峰.基于混合遗传算法的物流配送车辆调度优化问题求解方法.系统工程.2008.10.
[17]姜大立,杨西龙,杜文,周贤伟.车辆路径问题的遗传算法研究.系统工程理论与实践.1996.6.40-45
[18]郎茂祥,胡思继.用混合遗传算法求解物流配送路径优化问题的研究.中国管理科学.2002.10.(2).51-56
[19]肖鹏,李茂军,张军平,叶涛.单亲遗传算法及其在物流配送系统中的应用.系统工程.2000.18.(1).64-66
[20]谢秉磊,孙毅,李荣喜.求解配送＼收集旅行商问题的遗传算法.陕西工学院学报.2002.18(1).70-74
[21]贺国先,刘凯.优化物流中心配送方案的遗传算法.系统工程理论与实践.2003.(4).76-81