物流与配送管理的研究及系统实现
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摘要
随着供应链和电子商务的发展,物流配送体系发展的滞后已经成为制约当前供应链向前发展的瓶颈,而供应链的发展和成熟同时又为物流发展提供了新的机遇,促成了物流新理念和新模式的产生。
配送优化调度问题一直以来都是物流配送领域的研究热点和核心,目前对该问题的研究大多限定在某一范围内,缺乏实用性和专业性,而且对问题的假设也存在不合理之处,影响了优化的实际效果。近年来随着物流技术的迅猛发展,越来越多的物流研究部门将GPS、GIS、RFID和无线通信技术应用到物流配送研究领域。由于GPS、GIS、RFID和无线通信技术本身的特性与优势,使得它们能在配送车辆定位与监控应用中完美的结合在一起,从而把配送优化调度问题拓展到配送跟踪环节,使得实时的动态优化调度成为可能。
针对上述情况,本文从实用的角度出发,研究了集优化、动态调度于一体的配送优化调度模型,探索了优化调度模型的动态调度策略和与GPS/GIS/RFID/CDMA集成的方法;同时,本文还给出了配送优化调度模型的形式化定义,研究了模型的求解算法并通过实例对算法的性能进行了分析。
此外,本文还研究了配送业绩的评价模型和评价方法,评价的结果用来为配送优化提供数据支持。
根据物流配送企业的业务需求,本文最终设计并实现了一个物流配送管理原型系统。
With the development of supply chain and e-commerce, the lag of logistics system has become the bottleneck of supply chain, meanwhile, development and maturity of supply chain provides new opportunities for logistics, as a result, a new logistics conception and model appeared.
Distribution optimization and scheduling problem has been the hot issue in distribution area.At this stage, researches on this issue often focus in a small scope, lack of practicality and specialty, and the assuming of the problem is not much reasonable. Recently, with the rapid development of logistics technology, more and more researchers apply GPS/GIS/RFID/CDMA in distribution area, as a result of their features and advantage, they can perfectly combine locating with monitoring vehicles, and make dynamic scheduling to be possible.
According to above, this paper raises a kind of distribution optimization and scheduling model based on real road-net.,then it gives the formal description of the model, builds a strategy of dynamic scheduling, by using the ant algorithm, it also solves the model and gives a case to prove the correctness of the algorithm. Besides, this paper researched on the performance of vehicle assessing model and method, and the result is used for making distribution plan.
At the end of this thesis, it gives a detail description of the design and the implementation process of logistics distribution management prototype system.
配送优化调度问题一直以来都是物流配送领域的研究热点和核心,目前对该问题的研究大多限定在某一范围内,缺乏实用性和专业性,而且对问题的假设也存在不合理之处,影响了优化的实际效果。近年来随着物流技术的迅猛发展,越来越多的物流研究部门将GPS、GIS、RFID和无线通信技术应用到物流配送研究领域。由于GPS、GIS、RFID和无线通信技术本身的特性与优势,使得它们能在配送车辆定位与监控应用中完美的结合在一起,从而把配送优化调度问题拓展到配送跟踪环节,使得实时的动态优化调度成为可能。
针对上述情况,本文从实用的角度出发,研究了集优化、动态调度于一体的配送优化调度模型,探索了优化调度模型的动态调度策略和与GPS/GIS/RFID/CDMA集成的方法;同时,本文还给出了配送优化调度模型的形式化定义,研究了模型的求解算法并通过实例对算法的性能进行了分析。
此外,本文还研究了配送业绩的评价模型和评价方法,评价的结果用来为配送优化提供数据支持。
根据物流配送企业的业务需求,本文最终设计并实现了一个物流配送管理原型系统。
With the development of supply chain and e-commerce, the lag of logistics system has become the bottleneck of supply chain, meanwhile, development and maturity of supply chain provides new opportunities for logistics, as a result, a new logistics conception and model appeared.
Distribution optimization and scheduling problem has been the hot issue in distribution area.At this stage, researches on this issue often focus in a small scope, lack of practicality and specialty, and the assuming of the problem is not much reasonable. Recently, with the rapid development of logistics technology, more and more researchers apply GPS/GIS/RFID/CDMA in distribution area, as a result of their features and advantage, they can perfectly combine locating with monitoring vehicles, and make dynamic scheduling to be possible.
According to above, this paper raises a kind of distribution optimization and scheduling model based on real road-net.,then it gives the formal description of the model, builds a strategy of dynamic scheduling, by using the ant algorithm, it also solves the model and gives a case to prove the correctness of the algorithm. Besides, this paper researched on the performance of vehicle assessing model and method, and the result is used for making distribution plan.
At the end of this thesis, it gives a detail description of the design and the implementation process of logistics distribution management prototype system.
引文
1马力强.关于我国现代物流发展的思考.交通运输系统工程与信息,2001,1:13-37
2纪国涛.论21世纪的物流发展趋势,物流技术,2001(6) , 33-34
3中国物流与采购联合会.现代物流是我国经济新的增长点,物流技术,2002(5):3-4
4 Ellinger, Alexander E. Improving Marketing/Logistics Cross-Functional Collaboration in the Supply Chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 2000, 29(1): 85~86
5郭耀煌,李军.车辆优化调度.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994:50-87
6刘大杰,施一民,郭静君等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社, 2001, 7(4):69-77
7 G. Loganathan. GPS and GIS Technology Trends. IEEE, 2002: 292~294
8 Hassan A. Karimi, Prashant Krishnamurthy. Real-Time Routing in Mobile Networks Using GPS and GIS Techniques. IEEE, 2001:1~11
9 R. Glidden et al. Design of ultra-low-cost UHF RFID tags for supply chain applications. IEEE Communications, 2004, 42(8): 140~151
10游战洁,李苏剑等.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004:26-34
11陈新河.无线射频识别(RFID)技术发展综述.信息技术与标准化,2005.7
12王正彬,杜文,羊艳.具有时间窗的物流配送模型及其算法.铁道建筑技术,2003,15(6): 52
13陈佑健.河海大学.蚁群算法的研究及在网络路由优化上的应用. 2006.7:21-23
14 M. Savelsbergh. Local search for routing problem with time window. Annals of Operations Research, 1985, 16(4): 285~305
15李军,胡宗武等.企业物流配送网络系统设计及优化,工业工程与管理2002,25(3):23-26
16 L. Gilbert. The vehicle routing problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 1992, 59: 345~358.
17李军,郭耀煌.物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法.北京:中国物资出版社,2001,6:157-265
18 B. Gillett, L. Miller. A heuristic algorithm for the vehicle dispatch problem. Operational Research, 1983,52(10): 62~212
19张建勇,郭耀煌,李军.模糊需求信息条件下的车辆路径问题研究.系统工程学报, 2004, 19(1): 74~75
20蔡希贤,夏士智.物流合理化的数量方法.武汉:华中工学院出版社,1985:108-122
21 T. Dusan, P. Goran. Fuzzy set theory approach to the vehicle routing problem when demand at nodes is uncertain. Fuzzy Set and Systems, 1996, 82(3): 307~317
22 D. Teodorovic, G. Pavkovic. A simulated annealing technique approach to the vehicle routing problem in the case of stochastic demand. Transportation Planning and Technology, 1992,16:261~270
23张炯.多配送中心车辆调度问题的模型和算法研究.交通运输系统工程与信息.2005,(3):37-49
24袁庆达,杜文,周玲.带软时间窗的混合车队车辆路线问题的模型和算法研究.西南交通大学学报, 2001, 36(4): 401~406
25 D. Moshe, L. Gilbert, Pierre T. Vehicle routing with stochastic demands: Properties and solution frameworks. Transportation Science, 1989, 23(3): 166~176
26 G. Michel, L. Gilbert, S. Rene. An exact algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands and customers. Transportation Science, 1995, 29(2): 143~155
27李臻,雷定酞.多车场车辆优化调模型及算法.交通运输工程学报, 2004, 4(1):83-86.
28刘庆斌.企业电子商务物流体系的综合评价.中国流通经济,2001.3:103-
138
29段海滨,王道波.蚁群算法的全局收敛性研究及改进.系统工程与电子技术,2004 ,26 (10 ):1507-1509.
30 Dorigo M,Maniezzo V,Colorni A.The Ant System:Optimization by a Colony of Cooperating Agents.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man, and Cybernetics,Part-B, 1996, 26(1):1-13
31 Dorigo M,Caro G D,Gambardella L M.Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization.Artificial Life,1999,5(3):137-172
32 D.E. Goldberg. Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning. Reading, Addison-Wesley, 1989:259-270
33张航.蚁群优化算法的研究现状及研究展望.信息与控制. 2004,33(3):318-323
34丁建立,陈增强,袁著社.智能仿生算法及其网络优化中的应用研究进展.计算机工程与应用.2003,(12):10-15.
35刘书雷,李军,陈宏盛,景宁.基于MapXtreme的WebGIS解决方案.计算机工程与科学. 2004. 26(2):15-18.
36胡卫国.基于J2EE的WebGIS应用研究.浙江大学, 2005,(3):49-57
37张宏,李斌,夏秋勤.基于Web服务的GIS系统构想.计算机工程, 2003,29(1):140-141
38 Zingler, M. Fischer, P. Lichtenegger, J. Wireless field data collection and GIS–GPS integration. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 1999, 23(4): 305~313
39陈俊杰,陈灿章. WebGIS技术及其实现方法.太原理工大学学报. 2000,(7):16-22
40孟海滨,王嘉平,徐池,王宁.用MapXtreme实现基于Web的GIS系统.计算机系统应用, 2004(8):70-71
41 Roberts, C.M. Radio frequency identification (RFID). Computers & Security, 2006, 25(1): 18~26
42 Chow, Harry K.H., Choy, King Lun, Lee, W.B., Lau, K.C. Design of a RFID case-based resource management system for warehouse operations. Expert Systems With Applications, 2006, 30(4): 561~576
2纪国涛.论21世纪的物流发展趋势,物流技术,2001(6) , 33-34
3中国物流与采购联合会.现代物流是我国经济新的增长点,物流技术,2002(5):3-4
4 Ellinger, Alexander E. Improving Marketing/Logistics Cross-Functional Collaboration in the Supply Chain. Industrial Marketing Management, 2000, 29(1): 85~86
5郭耀煌,李军.车辆优化调度.成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994:50-87
6刘大杰,施一民,郭静君等.全球定位系统(GPS)的原理与数据处理.上海:同济大学出版社, 2001, 7(4):69-77
7 G. Loganathan. GPS and GIS Technology Trends. IEEE, 2002: 292~294
8 Hassan A. Karimi, Prashant Krishnamurthy. Real-Time Routing in Mobile Networks Using GPS and GIS Techniques. IEEE, 2001:1~11
9 R. Glidden et al. Design of ultra-low-cost UHF RFID tags for supply chain applications. IEEE Communications, 2004, 42(8): 140~151
10游战洁,李苏剑等.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社, 2004:26-34
11陈新河.无线射频识别(RFID)技术发展综述.信息技术与标准化,2005.7
12王正彬,杜文,羊艳.具有时间窗的物流配送模型及其算法.铁道建筑技术,2003,15(6): 52
13陈佑健.河海大学.蚁群算法的研究及在网络路由优化上的应用. 2006.7:21-23
14 M. Savelsbergh. Local search for routing problem with time window. Annals of Operations Research, 1985, 16(4): 285~305
15李军,胡宗武等.企业物流配送网络系统设计及优化,工业工程与管理2002,25(3):23-26
16 L. Gilbert. The vehicle routing problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 1992, 59: 345~358.
17李军,郭耀煌.物流配送车辆优化调度理论与方法.北京:中国物资出版社,2001,6:157-265
18 B. Gillett, L. Miller. A heuristic algorithm for the vehicle dispatch problem. Operational Research, 1983,52(10): 62~212
19张建勇,郭耀煌,李军.模糊需求信息条件下的车辆路径问题研究.系统工程学报, 2004, 19(1): 74~75
20蔡希贤,夏士智.物流合理化的数量方法.武汉:华中工学院出版社,1985:108-122
21 T. Dusan, P. Goran. Fuzzy set theory approach to the vehicle routing problem when demand at nodes is uncertain. Fuzzy Set and Systems, 1996, 82(3): 307~317
22 D. Teodorovic, G. Pavkovic. A simulated annealing technique approach to the vehicle routing problem in the case of stochastic demand. Transportation Planning and Technology, 1992,16:261~270
23张炯.多配送中心车辆调度问题的模型和算法研究.交通运输系统工程与信息.2005,(3):37-49
24袁庆达,杜文,周玲.带软时间窗的混合车队车辆路线问题的模型和算法研究.西南交通大学学报, 2001, 36(4): 401~406
25 D. Moshe, L. Gilbert, Pierre T. Vehicle routing with stochastic demands: Properties and solution frameworks. Transportation Science, 1989, 23(3): 166~176
26 G. Michel, L. Gilbert, S. Rene. An exact algorithm for the vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands and customers. Transportation Science, 1995, 29(2): 143~155
27李臻,雷定酞.多车场车辆优化调模型及算法.交通运输工程学报, 2004, 4(1):83-86.
28刘庆斌.企业电子商务物流体系的综合评价.中国流通经济,2001.3:103-
138
29段海滨,王道波.蚁群算法的全局收敛性研究及改进.系统工程与电子技术,2004 ,26 (10 ):1507-1509.
30 Dorigo M,Maniezzo V,Colorni A.The Ant System:Optimization by a Colony of Cooperating Agents.IEEE Transactions on Systems,Man, and Cybernetics,Part-B, 1996, 26(1):1-13
31 Dorigo M,Caro G D,Gambardella L M.Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization.Artificial Life,1999,5(3):137-172
32 D.E. Goldberg. Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning. Reading, Addison-Wesley, 1989:259-270
33张航.蚁群优化算法的研究现状及研究展望.信息与控制. 2004,33(3):318-323
34丁建立,陈增强,袁著社.智能仿生算法及其网络优化中的应用研究进展.计算机工程与应用.2003,(12):10-15.
35刘书雷,李军,陈宏盛,景宁.基于MapXtreme的WebGIS解决方案.计算机工程与科学. 2004. 26(2):15-18.
36胡卫国.基于J2EE的WebGIS应用研究.浙江大学, 2005,(3):49-57
37张宏,李斌,夏秋勤.基于Web服务的GIS系统构想.计算机工程, 2003,29(1):140-141
38 Zingler, M. Fischer, P. Lichtenegger, J. Wireless field data collection and GIS–GPS integration. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 1999, 23(4): 305~313
39陈俊杰,陈灿章. WebGIS技术及其实现方法.太原理工大学学报. 2000,(7):16-22
40孟海滨,王嘉平,徐池,王宁.用MapXtreme实现基于Web的GIS系统.计算机系统应用, 2004(8):70-71
41 Roberts, C.M. Radio frequency identification (RFID). Computers & Security, 2006, 25(1): 18~26
42 Chow, Harry K.H., Choy, King Lun, Lee, W.B., Lau, K.C. Design of a RFID case-based resource management system for warehouse operations. Expert Systems With Applications, 2006, 30(4): 561~576