战场汽车调度优化方法及应用研究
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摘要
现代军事物流,离不开现代军事运输。军事运输系统,是战斗力和保障力机动的唯一载体,军事运输系统所体现的投送能力,实质上是威慑力、战斗力的重要组成部分。汽车运输是陆军集团军以下作战部队军事运输的基本形式,是战场上保障力向一线战斗部队延伸的中坚力量。特别是在我军信息化程度比较低和制空权、制电磁权难以达到绝对优势的情况下,作战前沿的后勤保障通过空中垂直保障将变得实现困难、代价高昂,此时,汽车运输将会发挥不可替代的作用。本文采用定量分析方法,针对现有问题构建数学模型并求解,以找出战场汽车调度的最优方案。
论文从战场特点出发,阐述了战场汽车调度问题的特殊性,分析影响战场汽车调度的因素,并对战场运输网络进行描述,提出各种路权参数;提出了基于安全性、经济性、时效性等指标的战场汽车调度单准则决策问题,并将该问题逐个分解,进行了建模和算法设计;对基于时效性、经济性、安全性的战场汽车调度多准则决策问题进行研究,建立问题的数学模型并构造各决策效用函数;对常见的战场汽车调度决策问题如:基于时效性的单起、讫点战场汽车调度问题,基于经济性的单点至多点战场汽车调度问题,带时间窗的多车(车队)汽车调度问题,基于时效性、经济性、安全性的单起、讫点战场汽车调度多准则决策问题等,提出案例,并应用构建的模型和算法进行求解,以验证模型的有效性。
Transportation is the basis of logistics, the essence of "flow". The proposal of modern logistics is based on the development of modern transportation. In broad sense, military transportation system is the military "circulatory system ", the only carrier of fighting and logistical capacity mobilization (or fighting capacity flow and logistical flow), which is inevitable in the formation of operation situation and the realization of all the logistical support. Furthermore, the delivery ability of military transportation system is a vital element of fighting capability and deterrence. In narrow sense, transportation support is the key part of realizing all kinds of logistical support.
Vehicle transportation, mainly used by operation troops under army group, is the essential strength extending the logistical capacity to the forefront operation troops. Since the informationization is not fully developed and mastery of the air and electromagnetism can not achieve absolute predominance, vehicle transportation will play a vital role as it is difficult and costly to achieve vertical air support at the forefront.
The thesis constructed math models and found the optimal solution using quantitative approach. The main content is as follows:
1 it presented the peculiarity of vehicle scheduling in battlefield, analyzed the factors in it and described the transportation network setting various path parameters;
2 it proposed single-criteria decision problems of battlefield vehicle scheduling based on indicators such as security, economy and timeliness with the background of battlefield forefront transportation support. Then effective models are constructed and corresponding algorithms are put forward respectively;
3 research was done on multiple-criteria decision problems of battlefield vehicle scheduling based on security, economy and timeliness, on which models and utility functions are constructed;
4 it presented cases of the problems commonly seen in battlefield vehicle scheduling found the solution to the models and verified the validity of them.
论文从战场特点出发,阐述了战场汽车调度问题的特殊性,分析影响战场汽车调度的因素,并对战场运输网络进行描述,提出各种路权参数;提出了基于安全性、经济性、时效性等指标的战场汽车调度单准则决策问题,并将该问题逐个分解,进行了建模和算法设计;对基于时效性、经济性、安全性的战场汽车调度多准则决策问题进行研究,建立问题的数学模型并构造各决策效用函数;对常见的战场汽车调度决策问题如:基于时效性的单起、讫点战场汽车调度问题,基于经济性的单点至多点战场汽车调度问题,带时间窗的多车(车队)汽车调度问题,基于时效性、经济性、安全性的单起、讫点战场汽车调度多准则决策问题等,提出案例,并应用构建的模型和算法进行求解,以验证模型的有效性。
Transportation is the basis of logistics, the essence of "flow". The proposal of modern logistics is based on the development of modern transportation. In broad sense, military transportation system is the military "circulatory system ", the only carrier of fighting and logistical capacity mobilization (or fighting capacity flow and logistical flow), which is inevitable in the formation of operation situation and the realization of all the logistical support. Furthermore, the delivery ability of military transportation system is a vital element of fighting capability and deterrence. In narrow sense, transportation support is the key part of realizing all kinds of logistical support.
Vehicle transportation, mainly used by operation troops under army group, is the essential strength extending the logistical capacity to the forefront operation troops. Since the informationization is not fully developed and mastery of the air and electromagnetism can not achieve absolute predominance, vehicle transportation will play a vital role as it is difficult and costly to achieve vertical air support at the forefront.
The thesis constructed math models and found the optimal solution using quantitative approach. The main content is as follows:
1 it presented the peculiarity of vehicle scheduling in battlefield, analyzed the factors in it and described the transportation network setting various path parameters;
2 it proposed single-criteria decision problems of battlefield vehicle scheduling based on indicators such as security, economy and timeliness with the background of battlefield forefront transportation support. Then effective models are constructed and corresponding algorithms are put forward respectively;
3 research was done on multiple-criteria decision problems of battlefield vehicle scheduling based on security, economy and timeliness, on which models and utility functions are constructed;
4 it presented cases of the problems commonly seen in battlefield vehicle scheduling found the solution to the models and verified the validity of them.
引文
[1]Larsen J.,Parallelization of the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows [D],Ph.D thesis.Institute of Mathematical Modeling,Technical University of Denmark,Lyngby,Denmark.1999.
[2]中国物流与采购联合会课题组.中国物流2005年上半年运行分析及下半年走势[J].运输经理世界。2005,10:70-72.
[3]周志斌.公路军事运输.北京:解放军出版社,1996.
[4]于华诗.汽车运输勤务学.北京:军事科学出版社,2003.
[5]徐克洲,王凤才,张冬.伊拉克战争后勤保障情况及特点外军后勤信息.2003,3:3-8.
[6]矫云庆,杨成,张刚,王洪鑫.伊拉克战争中美军后勤保障强弱点辨析.外军后勤信息,2003,4:6-10.
[7]谭跃进.定量分析方法.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[8]龚延成.战时军事物流系统决策理论与方法研究:博士学位论文.西安:长安大学,2004.
[9]Tillman F.The multiple terminal delivery problem with probabilistic demands[J].Transportation Science.1969,3:192-204.
[10]Wilson N.H.M.,E.Miller,Advanced Dial-A-Ride Algorithms Research Project.Phase Ⅱ:Interim Report,Cambridge,MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Department of Civil Engineering,Research Report R77-31,1977.
[11]Psaraftis H.N.,Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems,in Vehicle Routing:Methods and Studies,Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.:North Holland.1988:223-248.
[12]周长峰.动态车辆优化调度问题研究:博士学位论文.长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[13]郭耀煌.安排城市卡车行车路线的一种新算法[J].系统工程学报.1989,4(2):70-78.
[14]Gendreau Michel,Gilbert Laporte,Rene Seguin,Stochastic Vehicle Routing[J].European Journal of Operational Research.1996,88:3-12.
[15]郭耀煌,李军.车辆优化调度[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994.
[16]韩大卫.管理运筹学.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998.
[17]汪寿阳,赵秋红,夏国平.集成物流管理系统中定位——运输路线安排问题的研究[J].管理科学学报.2000,3(2):69-75.
[18]袁庆达,游斌.库存——运输联合优化问题题简介[J].物流技术.2001,5: 9-10.
[19]祝崇隽,刘民,吴澄.供应链中车辆路径问题的研究进展及前景[J].计算机集成制造系统CIMS.2001,7(11):1-6.
[20]邹彤,李宁,孙德宝.不确定车辆数的有时间窗车辆路径问题的遗传算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2004,24(6):134-138.
[21]张慧颖.用层次分析法对交通决策进行综合评价[J].交通标准化.2004,5:50-52
[22]崔雪丽,马良,范炳全.车辆路径问题(VRP)的蚂蚁搜索算法[J].系统工程学报.2004,19(4):418-422.
[23]王涛,蔡延光,张新政.现代物流中车辆路径问题的研究[J].物流科技.2005,28(113):32-34.
[24]刘云忠,宣慧玉.车辆路径问题的模型及算法研究综述[J].管理工程学报.2005,19(1):124-130.
[25]袁健,刘晋.随机需求情形VRP的Hopfield神经网络解法[J].南京航空航天大学学报.2000,32(5):579-585.
[26]刘浩,袁健,卢厚清.两种类型车辆随机需求路由问题[J].南京航空航天大学学报.2001,33(2):155-158.
[27]谢秉磊,郭耀煌,郭强.动态车辆路径问题:现状与展望.系统工程理论方法应用.2002,11(2):116-120.
[28]李冰.动态车队管理问题的模型与算法研究[D]:博士学位论文.西南交通大学,2003.
[29]李冰.随机动态车队管理问题[J].系统工程.2005,23(1):96-101.
[30]李冰,王化河.动态车队管理问题研究的现状与展望[J].公路交通科技.2004,21(4):109-113.
[31]肖增敏,李军.动态网络车辆路径问题:研究现状与展望.系统工程.2004,22(7):68-71.
[32]张建勇,郭耀煌,李军.模糊需求信息条件下的车辆路径问题研究[J].系统工程学报.2004,19(1):74-78.
[33]张建勇,李军,郭耀煌.模糊需求信息条件下的实时动态车辆调度问题研究[J].管理工程学报.2004,18(4):69-72.
[34]张建勇,李军,郭耀煌.具有模糊预约时间的VRP混合遗传算法[J].管理科学学报.2005,8(3):64-71.
[35]郑丽群,王德东,李大卫.随机车辆路径问题综述[J].鞍山科技大学学报.2005,28(3-4):199-203.
[36]佚名.美军军事运输特点分析.http://www.d1b.en(d1b资讯平台).
[37]况北林,陈冬元,詹澄海.军队后勤运筹学.北京:解放军出版社,1986.
[38]李强,公路军事运输线的模糊优选[J].军事系统工程.1998,1:22-25.
[39]周志斌,王学智,周和平.公路军事运输学.北京:解放军出版社,2000.
[40]赵静,严尚安.一个军事运输网络的数学模型.姜永兴主编论文集《军事运筹学研究与创新》.北京:军事科学出版社,2000:652-655.
[41]郭洪群.数学方法在军事后勤系统建模中的应用研究:硕士学位论文.北京:北京理工大学,2001.
[42]张晓巧.基于仿真的动态交通规划及遗传算法在运输问题中的应用:硕士学位论文.北京:北京理工大学,.2003.
[43]程万江,张会宾,崔晓萍.公路军事运输质量的模糊综合评判.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版).2006,34(专辑):20-22.
[44]邢文训,谢金星.现代优化计算方法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[45]张最良,李长生,赵文志,丁立富.军事运筹学.北京:军事科学出版社,1997.
[46]赵纯军.优化与决策.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1988.
[47]武小悦,沙基昌.网络系统可靠度的BDD算法.系统工程与电子技术,1999,(7):72-73
[2]中国物流与采购联合会课题组.中国物流2005年上半年运行分析及下半年走势[J].运输经理世界。2005,10:70-72.
[3]周志斌.公路军事运输.北京:解放军出版社,1996.
[4]于华诗.汽车运输勤务学.北京:军事科学出版社,2003.
[5]徐克洲,王凤才,张冬.伊拉克战争后勤保障情况及特点外军后勤信息.2003,3:3-8.
[6]矫云庆,杨成,张刚,王洪鑫.伊拉克战争中美军后勤保障强弱点辨析.外军后勤信息,2003,4:6-10.
[7]谭跃进.定量分析方法.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2002.
[8]龚延成.战时军事物流系统决策理论与方法研究:博士学位论文.西安:长安大学,2004.
[9]Tillman F.The multiple terminal delivery problem with probabilistic demands[J].Transportation Science.1969,3:192-204.
[10]Wilson N.H.M.,E.Miller,Advanced Dial-A-Ride Algorithms Research Project.Phase Ⅱ:Interim Report,Cambridge,MA:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Department of Civil Engineering,Research Report R77-31,1977.
[11]Psaraftis H.N.,Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problems,in Vehicle Routing:Methods and Studies,Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.:North Holland.1988:223-248.
[12]周长峰.动态车辆优化调度问题研究:博士学位论文.长沙:国防科学技术大学,2007.
[13]郭耀煌.安排城市卡车行车路线的一种新算法[J].系统工程学报.1989,4(2):70-78.
[14]Gendreau Michel,Gilbert Laporte,Rene Seguin,Stochastic Vehicle Routing[J].European Journal of Operational Research.1996,88:3-12.
[15]郭耀煌,李军.车辆优化调度[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1994.
[16]韩大卫.管理运筹学.大连:大连理工大学出版社,1998.
[17]汪寿阳,赵秋红,夏国平.集成物流管理系统中定位——运输路线安排问题的研究[J].管理科学学报.2000,3(2):69-75.
[18]袁庆达,游斌.库存——运输联合优化问题题简介[J].物流技术.2001,5: 9-10.
[19]祝崇隽,刘民,吴澄.供应链中车辆路径问题的研究进展及前景[J].计算机集成制造系统CIMS.2001,7(11):1-6.
[20]邹彤,李宁,孙德宝.不确定车辆数的有时间窗车辆路径问题的遗传算法[J].系统工程理论与实践.2004,24(6):134-138.
[21]张慧颖.用层次分析法对交通决策进行综合评价[J].交通标准化.2004,5:50-52
[22]崔雪丽,马良,范炳全.车辆路径问题(VRP)的蚂蚁搜索算法[J].系统工程学报.2004,19(4):418-422.
[23]王涛,蔡延光,张新政.现代物流中车辆路径问题的研究[J].物流科技.2005,28(113):32-34.
[24]刘云忠,宣慧玉.车辆路径问题的模型及算法研究综述[J].管理工程学报.2005,19(1):124-130.
[25]袁健,刘晋.随机需求情形VRP的Hopfield神经网络解法[J].南京航空航天大学学报.2000,32(5):579-585.
[26]刘浩,袁健,卢厚清.两种类型车辆随机需求路由问题[J].南京航空航天大学学报.2001,33(2):155-158.
[27]谢秉磊,郭耀煌,郭强.动态车辆路径问题:现状与展望.系统工程理论方法应用.2002,11(2):116-120.
[28]李冰.动态车队管理问题的模型与算法研究[D]:博士学位论文.西南交通大学,2003.
[29]李冰.随机动态车队管理问题[J].系统工程.2005,23(1):96-101.
[30]李冰,王化河.动态车队管理问题研究的现状与展望[J].公路交通科技.2004,21(4):109-113.
[31]肖增敏,李军.动态网络车辆路径问题:研究现状与展望.系统工程.2004,22(7):68-71.
[32]张建勇,郭耀煌,李军.模糊需求信息条件下的车辆路径问题研究[J].系统工程学报.2004,19(1):74-78.
[33]张建勇,李军,郭耀煌.模糊需求信息条件下的实时动态车辆调度问题研究[J].管理工程学报.2004,18(4):69-72.
[34]张建勇,李军,郭耀煌.具有模糊预约时间的VRP混合遗传算法[J].管理科学学报.2005,8(3):64-71.
[35]郑丽群,王德东,李大卫.随机车辆路径问题综述[J].鞍山科技大学学报.2005,28(3-4):199-203.
[36]佚名.美军军事运输特点分析.http://www.d1b.en(d1b资讯平台).
[37]况北林,陈冬元,詹澄海.军队后勤运筹学.北京:解放军出版社,1986.
[38]李强,公路军事运输线的模糊优选[J].军事系统工程.1998,1:22-25.
[39]周志斌,王学智,周和平.公路军事运输学.北京:解放军出版社,2000.
[40]赵静,严尚安.一个军事运输网络的数学模型.姜永兴主编论文集《军事运筹学研究与创新》.北京:军事科学出版社,2000:652-655.
[41]郭洪群.数学方法在军事后勤系统建模中的应用研究:硕士学位论文.北京:北京理工大学,2001.
[42]张晓巧.基于仿真的动态交通规划及遗传算法在运输问题中的应用:硕士学位论文.北京:北京理工大学,.2003.
[43]程万江,张会宾,崔晓萍.公路军事运输质量的模糊综合评判.陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版).2006,34(专辑):20-22.
[44]邢文训,谢金星.现代优化计算方法[M],北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[45]张最良,李长生,赵文志,丁立富.军事运筹学.北京:军事科学出版社,1997.
[46]赵纯军.优化与决策.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1988.
[47]武小悦,沙基昌.网络系统可靠度的BDD算法.系统工程与电子技术,1999,(7):72-73