危岩发育机理与工程防治原理研究
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摘要
本文基于对国内外危岩研究现状分析,以国家十五攻关项目“基于3S的地质灾害灾情评估体系研究”(2001BA604A02-3)为支撑,以重庆市万州区太白岩危岩治理工程为依托,进行危岩发育机理与防治原理研究。主要包括下述几方面内容:
①危岩形成机理研究
本文从促使危岩体形成和发育发展的各种因素入手,基于各因素在危岩体发育过程中所起的作用,提出危岩形成的链式机理,达到充分认识危岩体的目的,为确定正确的危岩稳定性计算方法提供前提条件。
②危岩稳定性研究
基于危岩体形成机理的研究,将危岩体破坏模式分为滑塌式、坠落式和倾倒式三类。详细分析了静水压力和地震力对危岩稳定性的影响,并对危岩体中裂隙水的分布提出估算方法。构建了每类危岩体稳定性计算方法。运用Adina有限元软件对危岩进行了数值模拟,比较不同破坏模式危岩和危岩在不同荷载组合下的位移场和应力场,明确了关键部位应力及位移的发育趋势。
③落石路径及其冲击力研究
危岩失稳后成为落石,其路径与初始位置、失稳方式及下垫面有关,本文将落石的运动分为碰撞、滑动和滚动三阶段,建立了各阶段的运动方程。并根据力的扩散原理,计算落石作用在拦石墙上的冲击力计算方法,为优化防治结构设计提供依据。
④防治原理
危岩体的工程防治措施可以分为主动防治、被动防治和预警措施三种类型,本文主要针对主动防治的锚固和支撑措施,研究锚杆和支撑对危岩体稳定性的影响,建立了锚固计算方法,将落石路径和冲击力的研究用于被动防治结构设计,从而达到优化设计的效果。
On the base of analysis to investigation status in quo on dangerous rock nation and abroad, founded by the ten-5 Year key found of the nation, i.e: "the Research on Evaluation System of Geologic Disaster Using 3S Technique" (2001BA604A02-3), taking the Taibaiyan Gangerous Rock Project of Wanzhou in Chongqin as an example, the author makes some studies on development mechanism and control principle of dangerous rock. In this paper, results include four parts, i.e:
①Research on the development mechanism of dangerous rock
Based on action for various factors to control formation and development of dangerous rock, the author puts forward the unload mechanism in the paper, so as to cognize dangerous rock deeply and make certain foundation to stability analysis.
②Research on stability of dangerous rock
Based on the research on development mechanism, the author classes dangerous rock into three types from fracture, i.e: slip dangerous rock, fall dangerous rock and revolved dangerous rock. According to influence for ground water and earthquake to steady feature of dangerous rock, the author sets fissure water distribution in structure plane and found stability calculation methods to every type dangerous rock, then makes some numeric analysis to displacement and stress variation under various loads in ADINA software.
③Research on route and impaction rockfall
It is well known that rockfall comes from unsteady dangerous rock. Route of rockfall is controlled by original position and unsteady mode of dangerous rock and ground features. The author divides rockfall movement into three stages, i.e: colliding, slipping and rolling, and founds movement equations every stages, so sets up impaction calculation method for rockfall to structure using force conduction theory.
④Control principle
Measures to control dangerous rock can be classed into active control, passive control and forecast system. Taking anchorage and bolster as examples, the author puts forward anchor calculation method.
①危岩形成机理研究
本文从促使危岩体形成和发育发展的各种因素入手,基于各因素在危岩体发育过程中所起的作用,提出危岩形成的链式机理,达到充分认识危岩体的目的,为确定正确的危岩稳定性计算方法提供前提条件。
②危岩稳定性研究
基于危岩体形成机理的研究,将危岩体破坏模式分为滑塌式、坠落式和倾倒式三类。详细分析了静水压力和地震力对危岩稳定性的影响,并对危岩体中裂隙水的分布提出估算方法。构建了每类危岩体稳定性计算方法。运用Adina有限元软件对危岩进行了数值模拟,比较不同破坏模式危岩和危岩在不同荷载组合下的位移场和应力场,明确了关键部位应力及位移的发育趋势。
③落石路径及其冲击力研究
危岩失稳后成为落石,其路径与初始位置、失稳方式及下垫面有关,本文将落石的运动分为碰撞、滑动和滚动三阶段,建立了各阶段的运动方程。并根据力的扩散原理,计算落石作用在拦石墙上的冲击力计算方法,为优化防治结构设计提供依据。
④防治原理
危岩体的工程防治措施可以分为主动防治、被动防治和预警措施三种类型,本文主要针对主动防治的锚固和支撑措施,研究锚杆和支撑对危岩体稳定性的影响,建立了锚固计算方法,将落石路径和冲击力的研究用于被动防治结构设计,从而达到优化设计的效果。
On the base of analysis to investigation status in quo on dangerous rock nation and abroad, founded by the ten-5 Year key found of the nation, i.e: "the Research on Evaluation System of Geologic Disaster Using 3S Technique" (2001BA604A02-3), taking the Taibaiyan Gangerous Rock Project of Wanzhou in Chongqin as an example, the author makes some studies on development mechanism and control principle of dangerous rock. In this paper, results include four parts, i.e:
①Research on the development mechanism of dangerous rock
Based on action for various factors to control formation and development of dangerous rock, the author puts forward the unload mechanism in the paper, so as to cognize dangerous rock deeply and make certain foundation to stability analysis.
②Research on stability of dangerous rock
Based on the research on development mechanism, the author classes dangerous rock into three types from fracture, i.e: slip dangerous rock, fall dangerous rock and revolved dangerous rock. According to influence for ground water and earthquake to steady feature of dangerous rock, the author sets fissure water distribution in structure plane and found stability calculation methods to every type dangerous rock, then makes some numeric analysis to displacement and stress variation under various loads in ADINA software.
③Research on route and impaction rockfall
It is well known that rockfall comes from unsteady dangerous rock. Route of rockfall is controlled by original position and unsteady mode of dangerous rock and ground features. The author divides rockfall movement into three stages, i.e: colliding, slipping and rolling, and founds movement equations every stages, so sets up impaction calculation method for rockfall to structure using force conduction theory.
④Control principle
Measures to control dangerous rock can be classed into active control, passive control and forecast system. Taking anchorage and bolster as examples, the author puts forward anchor calculation method.
引文
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[2]刘凯栋.贵州崩塌灾害及其影响因素.贵州地质,1993,10(4);345-349.
[3]孙云志等.奉节李子垭危岩体稳定性研究.人民长江,1994,25(9);48-53.
[4]陈光宗.江东危岩群的形成及其防治.水文地质工程地质,1994,(12);58-63.
[5]旷镇国.重庆市中区危岩崩塌特征.形成机制及防治研究.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1995.6(3);51-56,8.
[6]胡克定.重庆市北温泉危岩带特征与防治对策.中国地质灾害与防治学报,1995,6(3);57-62.
[7]魏青珂.陕西崩塌灾害及其时空分布特征.灾害学,1995,10(4);55-59.
[8]刘国明.三峡链子崖危岩体静力稳定性有限元分析.河海大学学报,1996,24(4);95-101.
[9]谢全敏.危岩块体稳定性分析的蒙特卡罗边界法.灾害学,1998,13(2);37-41.
[10]张奇华.链子崖危岩体变形破坏系统辨识.岩石力学与工程学报.1998.17(5);544-551.
[11]王立人.崩塌的形成及危岩体的稳定分析.水文地质工程地质,1994,(2);16-22.
[12]陈明东.链子崖危岩体变形破坏机制及整治对策.地质灾害与环境保护,1999,2(1);34-42,32.
[13]刘用章等.加固工程治理危岩施工技术与实践.湖南冶金,1993,(5);28-30,46.
[14]严义荣等.危石塌落的调查与防治.水文地质工程地质,1994,(1);20-21,24.
[15]杨正国.崩塌落石的SNS柔性防护技术及其应用.路基工程,1999,(1);42-45.
[16]郑春明.山区滑坡、崩塌、泥石流成因分析及防治对策.浙江水利科技,2000,(2);30-32.
[17]李光煜,白世伟.岩体应力的现场研究.岩石力学,1979,(1);134-138.
[18]地震地质大队.简易应力仪简介.河北省地震办公室,1975,5.
[19]于学馥,郑颖人等.地下工程围岩稳定分析.北京;煤炭工业出版社,1983,12.
[20]长江流域规划办公室.岩石坝基工程地质.北京;水利电力出版社,1982,12.
[21]高大钊主编.岩土工程的回顾与前瞻.北京;人民交通出版社,2001,6。
[22]孙玉科,牟会宠,姚宝魁著.边坡岩体稳定性分析.北京;科学出版社,1988,2.
[23]胡厚田编.崩塌与落石.北京;中国铁道出版社,1989,11.
[24]毛熙主编.渗流计算分析与控制.北京;水利电力出版社,1988,5.
[25]王思敬著.坝基岩体工程地质力学分析.北京;科学出版社,1990,5.
[26]顾慰慈编著.渗流计算原理及应用.北京;中国建材工业出版社,2000,8.
[27]孔立宪主编.岩体工程地质及其灾害.上海;同济大学出版社,1993,4.
[28]潘懋,李铁锋编著.灾害地质学.北京;北京大学出版社,2002,4.
[29]О.К.Леонтьев Γ.И.Рычагов著.朱新美译.普通地貌学.北京;人民教育出版社,1982.
[30]崔政权,李宁编著.边坡工程—理论与实践最新发展.北京;中国水利水电出版社,1999.
[31]陶振宇,潘别桐著.岩石力学原理与方法.武汉;中国地质大学出版社,1991.
[32]孙广忠著.岩体结构力学.北京;科学出版社,1988.
[33]中国科学院武汉岩体土力学研究所编著.岩质边坡稳定性的试验研究与计算方法.北京;科学出版社,1981.
[34]谭学术,鲜学福,郑道访等编著.复合岩体力学理论及其应用.北京;煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[35]陈洪凯等.三峡库区危岩综合治理技术及运用[J].地下空间,2002,22(2);97-101.
[36]徐卫亚.边坡及滑坡环境岩石力学与工程研究[M].北京;中国环境科学出版社,2000.
[37]程守洙,江之永.普通物理学[M].高等教育出版社,1998.
[38]彭振斌主编.锚固工程设计计算与施工.武汉;中国地质大学出版社,1997,8.
[39]朱伯龙主编.混凝土结构设计原理.上海;同济大学出版社,1992,3.
[40]张岐宣编著.混凝土结构设计.江苏;江苏科学技术出版社,1994,6.
[41]朱维中,李术才,陈卫忠著.节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用.北京;科学出版社,2002,1.
[42]程良奎,杨志银编著.岩土加固实用技术.北京;地震出版社,1994,5.
[43]陈洪凯,唐红梅,王蓉等.锚固岩体参数的等效方法研究[J].应用数学和力学,2002.22(8);862-868.
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