白番鸭继代选育及血液生化指标与产蛋性能关系的研究
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摘要
为进一步提高白番鸭的生产水平，在原有选育的基础上，本研究采用家
系选择和家系内个体选择相结合法，应用综合指数选择，对亲本R、F系白番鸭
进行继代选育。结果表明，利用综合指数法进行家系选择可取得较好的效果：
①选择后的父系43周龄和56周龄产蛋量分别比原有父系多0.47枚和2.68枚；
43周龄和56周龄蛋重分别比原有父系重3.91g和1.59g；受精率、孵化率和初
生重分别比原有父系多3.05％、3.9％和1.1g；②选择后的母系开产日龄比原有
母系提前2.49天；43周龄和56周龄产蛋量分别比原有母系多3.1枚和7.03枚；
43周龄和56周龄蛋重比原有母系分别重0.67g和0.34g；受精率、孵化率分别
比原有母系高0.04％和0.13％；③一世代父系生长速度比母系快，父系各阶段平
均体重和日增重均比母系高，10周龄时父系平均体重和日增重分别比母系多
230.5g和7.64g；另外，父系10周龄料肉比低于母系0.1，10周龄胫长和存活
率与母系相差无几。
本研究还对60只56周龄母鸭采用“托蛋法”测定个体产蛋性能，并对翼
静脉采血进行9项血液生化指标测定，探讨其与产蛋性能间的关系，为早期选
种提供科学依据。结果表明：①谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、甘油
三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与产蛋性状均属弱相关（r＝0.008～
0.21）；②谷丙转氨酶与开产日龄呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01），与开产体重呈弱
负相关（P＞0.05），与43周龄、50周龄和56周龄产蛋量均呈极显著正相关
（P＜0.01）；③血清总蛋白与50周龄和56周龄产蛋量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），
与其它产量性状无显著相关（P＞0.05）；④高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与开产日龄呈
极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与开产体重呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），与43周龄、50
周龄和56周龄产蛋量均呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）；⑤产蛋与休产母鸭血清雌
二醇含量分别为86.71±44.82pg／ml和24.38±7.44pg／ml，产蛋鸭比休产鸭高出
62.33pg／ml，差异极显著（P＜0.01）。
The study was conducted in
attempt to further improve productivity in white muscovy duck. Based on the former selection , the method of family selection combined with individual selection and synthetic index selection was applied to R and F strains of parental generation for continuous progeny selection.The results showed that using synthetic index selection had a fairly good effect on family selection in white muscovy ducks: ①As for the selected paternal line,egg production at the age of 43 weeks and 56 weeks was 0.47 and 2.68 eggs more in number, and 3.9land 1.59 grams higher in egg weight ,and the fertility,hatchability and body weight at the age of hatching were 3.05%, 3.9% and 1.1 grams higher, respectively, than the former paternal line; ②As for the selected maternal line,the age of first laying was 2.42 days earlier, egg production at the age of 43 weeks and 56 weeks 3.1 and 7.03 eggs more in number, egg weight at the of 43 weeks and 56 weeks 0.67g and 0.34g heavier, the fertility and hatchability 0.04% and 0.13% higher ,respectively,than the former maternal line; ③In the first generation ,the paternal line had a faster growth rate than the maternal line:the average body weight and daily gain of the paternal line in different growing periods were heavier than those of the maternal line. For the paternal line , the average body weight and daily gain at the age of 10 weeks were 230.5 and 7.64 grams heavier, respectively, and the feed conversion rate was 0.1 less than that in the maternal Iine,but differences of the livability rate and the length
of shank were negligible with two line.
In order to provide a scientific basis for early selection ,egg-laying performances of muscovy ducks were recorded individually by “bdominal palpation method” nine blood biochemical indices of 56-week old female ducks were measured, and the relationship between blood biochemical indices and
egg-laying performances were investigated. The result showed ?No significant correlation between serum GOT,AKP,LDH,TG,CHOL or LDL-C and egg-laying performances were found (r0.008桹.21) . 〨PT had a significant negative correlation with the age of first laying(ABF)(PO.05), and a significant postive correlation with the egg production at the age of 43 weeks(EN-43) ,50 weeks(EN-50) or 56 weeks(EN-56) (P
系选择和家系内个体选择相结合法，应用综合指数选择，对亲本R、F系白番鸭
进行继代选育。结果表明，利用综合指数法进行家系选择可取得较好的效果：
①选择后的父系43周龄和56周龄产蛋量分别比原有父系多0.47枚和2.68枚；
43周龄和56周龄蛋重分别比原有父系重3.91g和1.59g；受精率、孵化率和初
生重分别比原有父系多3.05％、3.9％和1.1g；②选择后的母系开产日龄比原有
母系提前2.49天；43周龄和56周龄产蛋量分别比原有母系多3.1枚和7.03枚；
43周龄和56周龄蛋重比原有母系分别重0.67g和0.34g；受精率、孵化率分别
比原有母系高0.04％和0.13％；③一世代父系生长速度比母系快，父系各阶段平
均体重和日增重均比母系高，10周龄时父系平均体重和日增重分别比母系多
230.5g和7.64g；另外，父系10周龄料肉比低于母系0.1，10周龄胫长和存活
率与母系相差无几。
本研究还对60只56周龄母鸭采用“托蛋法”测定个体产蛋性能，并对翼
静脉采血进行9项血液生化指标测定，探讨其与产蛋性能间的关系，为早期选
种提供科学依据。结果表明：①谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶、甘油
三酯、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与产蛋性状均属弱相关（r＝0.008～
0.21）；②谷丙转氨酶与开产日龄呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01），与开产体重呈弱
负相关（P＞0.05），与43周龄、50周龄和56周龄产蛋量均呈极显著正相关
（P＜0.01）；③血清总蛋白与50周龄和56周龄产蛋量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），
与其它产量性状无显著相关（P＞0.05）；④高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与开产日龄呈
极显著正相关（P＜0.01），与开产体重呈显著正相关（P＜0.05），与43周龄、50
周龄和56周龄产蛋量均呈极显著负相关（P＜0.01）；⑤产蛋与休产母鸭血清雌
二醇含量分别为86.71±44.82pg／ml和24.38±7.44pg／ml，产蛋鸭比休产鸭高出
62.33pg／ml，差异极显著（P＜0.01）。
The study was conducted in
attempt to further improve productivity in white muscovy duck. Based on the former selection , the method of family selection combined with individual selection and synthetic index selection was applied to R and F strains of parental generation for continuous progeny selection.The results showed that using synthetic index selection had a fairly good effect on family selection in white muscovy ducks: ①As for the selected paternal line,egg production at the age of 43 weeks and 56 weeks was 0.47 and 2.68 eggs more in number, and 3.9land 1.59 grams higher in egg weight ,and the fertility,hatchability and body weight at the age of hatching were 3.05%, 3.9% and 1.1 grams higher, respectively, than the former paternal line; ②As for the selected maternal line,the age of first laying was 2.42 days earlier, egg production at the age of 43 weeks and 56 weeks 3.1 and 7.03 eggs more in number, egg weight at the of 43 weeks and 56 weeks 0.67g and 0.34g heavier, the fertility and hatchability 0.04% and 0.13% higher ,respectively,than the former maternal line; ③In the first generation ,the paternal line had a faster growth rate than the maternal line:the average body weight and daily gain of the paternal line in different growing periods were heavier than those of the maternal line. For the paternal line , the average body weight and daily gain at the age of 10 weeks were 230.5 and 7.64 grams heavier, respectively, and the feed conversion rate was 0.1 less than that in the maternal Iine,but differences of the livability rate and the length
of shank were negligible with two line.
In order to provide a scientific basis for early selection ,egg-laying performances of muscovy ducks were recorded individually by “bdominal palpation method” nine blood biochemical indices of 56-week old female ducks were measured, and the relationship between blood biochemical indices and
egg-laying performances were investigated. The result showed ?No significant correlation between serum GOT,AKP,LDH,TG,CHOL or LDL-C and egg-laying performances were found (r0.008桹.21) . 〨PT had a significant negative correlation with the age of first laying(ABF)(P
引文
1 曹胜炎等．蛋鸡育种中的最优家系含量．中国家禽．1988，(1) ：34-36
2 王永生主编．养鸭手册．北京：中国农业大学出版社，1998，33
3 Natarhan, N. et al Criteria of selection for improvement of egg mass in Leghorn . poultry flock .Anim Breed Abstr.1980,48(7) :478
4 Kalita, D .et al. Genetic studies on some of the economic traits of White Leghorn chicken .Poultry Abstr. 1987,13(5) :110
5 Chaudhary, M.L.et al .Quantitative genetic analysis of some economic traits of egg-type chickens. Poutry Abstr. 1987,13(2) :30
6 周铁茅等．试论家禽数量性状遗传改良的选择指数．中国家禽．1985，(5) ：39-40
7 Hazel, L.Z. and Lush ,J.L. The efficiency of three methods of selection. Heredity. 1942, (33) :393-399
8 Nordskog, A.W. Selection in small population of chickens. Poultry Science. 1974, (53) : 1188-1219
9 Nordskog, A.W.Multi-traits selection and egg prodution in chickens. World Congress on Genetic Applied to Livestock Production. 1974, (1) :917-924
10 项可宁等．长沙黄鸡母系选育的效果和今后采用约束选择的探讨．中国家 禽．1990，(5) ：24-27
11 方德罗编．动物遗传与育种．杭州：浙江科学技术出版社(第一版)．1981：249-255
12 包世增编．家禽育种学．北京：农业出版社．1993，38-84
13 邱祥聘等．成都白鸡育种工作总结报告．四川农业大学学报．1984，(2) ：101-110
14 肖智远等．杏花鸡新品系的选育与配套．第五届优质鸡的改良生产及发展研讨会 论文集．1998：71-76
15 王忠艳．滨白鸡血液若干生化指标及其与产蛋性能的关系．中国家禽．1989，(2) ： 31-33
16 赵河山．蛋用型鸡育种历史的回顾及现状．中国家禽．1993，(3) ：36-40
17 李良松等．鸡血清蛋白含量变化反应．江苏农学院学报．1983，4(4) ：5-9
18 吴伟．根据血清某些生化指标进行蛋鸡早期选种的研究．吉林农业大学学报．1984 (3) ：35-41
19 周洪松等．利用雏鸡血液生化指标对蛋鸡进行早期选种的研究．畜牧兽医学 报．1990，(2) ：97-103
20孙宪如．AKP作为遗传标记培育高产蛋鸡的研究．畜牧兽医学报．1992，(3) ： 213-218
21 李秀元等．鸡血清GPT与产蛋性能关系研究．中国家禽．1996，(5) ：27-28
22 周洪松等．蛋鸡血液生化指标各辅助性状综合选择指数的研究．畜牧兽医学 报．1997，(1) ：23-28
23 Rako,A. et al .On the relation between the laying capacity and the actixity of some enzymes,the level of serum proteins blood sugar in hens. Poultry Sci. 1964,43(2) :201-205
24 Dey.B.R.et al.Association of blood enzyme levels with production traits in egg type chickens.Poultry Abstact. 1987, (8) :51
25 Sigh.Y.P.et al.Genetic architecture of giutamete oxaloacetate transaminase at 12 week of age in white leghom. Poultry Abstrates.l990,(11) :336
26 王光瑛等．番鸭养殖新技术．福州：福建科技出版社．1999，2-3
27 邱祥聘，杨山编．家禽学(第三版)．成都：四川科学技术出版社．1993，313-317
28 王同明等．生物化学及检验技术．江苏科学技术出版社．1987，316-383
29 徐涛等．临床检验基础．北京：人民卫生出版社．1986，134-175
30 贵州农学院主编．生物统计附试验设计(第二版)．北京：农业出版社，1991，56-61
31 黄艳群等．山地乌骨鸡与黄羽鸡配套的生长发育性能研究．农业大学学报．1999， 17(2) ： 201-206
32 Bohren.B.B.Genetic gains in annual egg production from selection on eayly par-record.World's Poultry Sci.l970,26:647-657
33 Singh ,N. et al .Genetic studies on production characters in White Leghorn poultry flock .Anim Breed Abstr. 1982,50(9) :625
34 王俊士等．豫州褐壳蛋鸡品系主要经济性状间的相关分析．河南农业大学学 报．1993，(4) ：356-361
35 王宝雄．豁眼鹅数量性状间的遗传相关与回归关系的研究．山东家禽．1995，(4) ： 3-5， 30
36 杨宁等．蛋鸡产蛋量早期选择的优化研究．畜牧兽医学报．1993，24(1) ：1-6
37 干高雄．对蛋鸡育种的探讨和一种估测产蛋量的新方法．畜牧兽医学报．1983，14 (3) ： 177-186
38 林如龙等．家系选择法在蛋鸡高产系选育中应用研究．福建畜牧兽医．2000，(4) ： 1
39 刘勇等．综合选择指数法在蛋鸡育种中的应用．上海畜牧兽医通讯．1994，(2) ： 36-37
40 王银花等．蛋鸡育种技术的研究现状．中国家禽．2001，23(1) ：36-3
41 同明等．生物化学及检验技术．江苏科学技术出版社．1987，381-383
42 李跃民．雌二醇和催产素对乏情期绵羊子宫肌电活动的影响．1993，24 (6) ： 518-524
43 北京农业大学主编．动物生物化学(第二版)．北京：农业出版社， 1991． 200-201．
44 傅玉玲等．高温对产蛋鸡的血液生化反应．中国畜牧杂志．1988，(6) ：11-14
45 小川博等雌珍珠鸡的产蛋率、血中孕酮、睾酮几雌二醇浓度的年变化．国 外特种经济动植物．1992，(1) ：40-42
2 王永生主编．养鸭手册．北京：中国农业大学出版社，1998，33
3 Natarhan, N. et al Criteria of selection for improvement of egg mass in Leghorn . poultry flock .Anim Breed Abstr.1980,48(7) :478
4 Kalita, D .et al. Genetic studies on some of the economic traits of White Leghorn chicken .Poultry Abstr. 1987,13(5) :110
5 Chaudhary, M.L.et al .Quantitative genetic analysis of some economic traits of egg-type chickens. Poutry Abstr. 1987,13(2) :30
6 周铁茅等．试论家禽数量性状遗传改良的选择指数．中国家禽．1985，(5) ：39-40
7 Hazel, L.Z. and Lush ,J.L. The efficiency of three methods of selection. Heredity. 1942, (33) :393-399
8 Nordskog, A.W. Selection in small population of chickens. Poultry Science. 1974, (53) : 1188-1219
9 Nordskog, A.W.Multi-traits selection and egg prodution in chickens. World Congress on Genetic Applied to Livestock Production. 1974, (1) :917-924
10 项可宁等．长沙黄鸡母系选育的效果和今后采用约束选择的探讨．中国家 禽．1990，(5) ：24-27
11 方德罗编．动物遗传与育种．杭州：浙江科学技术出版社(第一版)．1981：249-255
12 包世增编．家禽育种学．北京：农业出版社．1993，38-84
13 邱祥聘等．成都白鸡育种工作总结报告．四川农业大学学报．1984，(2) ：101-110
14 肖智远等．杏花鸡新品系的选育与配套．第五届优质鸡的改良生产及发展研讨会 论文集．1998：71-76
15 王忠艳．滨白鸡血液若干生化指标及其与产蛋性能的关系．中国家禽．1989，(2) ： 31-33
16 赵河山．蛋用型鸡育种历史的回顾及现状．中国家禽．1993，(3) ：36-40
17 李良松等．鸡血清蛋白含量变化反应．江苏农学院学报．1983，4(4) ：5-9
18 吴伟．根据血清某些生化指标进行蛋鸡早期选种的研究．吉林农业大学学报．1984 (3) ：35-41
19 周洪松等．利用雏鸡血液生化指标对蛋鸡进行早期选种的研究．畜牧兽医学 报．1990，(2) ：97-103
20孙宪如．AKP作为遗传标记培育高产蛋鸡的研究．畜牧兽医学报．1992，(3) ： 213-218
21 李秀元等．鸡血清GPT与产蛋性能关系研究．中国家禽．1996，(5) ：27-28
22 周洪松等．蛋鸡血液生化指标各辅助性状综合选择指数的研究．畜牧兽医学 报．1997，(1) ：23-28
23 Rako,A. et al .On the relation between the laying capacity and the actixity of some enzymes,the level of serum proteins blood sugar in hens. Poultry Sci. 1964,43(2) :201-205
24 Dey.B.R.et al.Association of blood enzyme levels with production traits in egg type chickens.Poultry Abstact. 1987, (8) :51
25 Sigh.Y.P.et al.Genetic architecture of giutamete oxaloacetate transaminase at 12 week of age in white leghom. Poultry Abstrates.l990,(11) :336
26 王光瑛等．番鸭养殖新技术．福州：福建科技出版社．1999，2-3
27 邱祥聘，杨山编．家禽学(第三版)．成都：四川科学技术出版社．1993，313-317
28 王同明等．生物化学及检验技术．江苏科学技术出版社．1987，316-383
29 徐涛等．临床检验基础．北京：人民卫生出版社．1986，134-175
30 贵州农学院主编．生物统计附试验设计(第二版)．北京：农业出版社，1991，56-61
31 黄艳群等．山地乌骨鸡与黄羽鸡配套的生长发育性能研究．农业大学学报．1999， 17(2) ： 201-206
32 Bohren.B.B.Genetic gains in annual egg production from selection on eayly par-record.World's Poultry Sci.l970,26:647-657
33 Singh ,N. et al .Genetic studies on production characters in White Leghorn poultry flock .Anim Breed Abstr. 1982,50(9) :625
34 王俊士等．豫州褐壳蛋鸡品系主要经济性状间的相关分析．河南农业大学学 报．1993，(4) ：356-361
35 王宝雄．豁眼鹅数量性状间的遗传相关与回归关系的研究．山东家禽．1995，(4) ： 3-5， 30
36 杨宁等．蛋鸡产蛋量早期选择的优化研究．畜牧兽医学报．1993，24(1) ：1-6
37 干高雄．对蛋鸡育种的探讨和一种估测产蛋量的新方法．畜牧兽医学报．1983，14 (3) ： 177-186
38 林如龙等．家系选择法在蛋鸡高产系选育中应用研究．福建畜牧兽医．2000，(4) ： 1
39 刘勇等．综合选择指数法在蛋鸡育种中的应用．上海畜牧兽医通讯．1994，(2) ： 36-37
40 王银花等．蛋鸡育种技术的研究现状．中国家禽．2001，23(1) ：36-3
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