国际贸易中的会计结算系统研究
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摘要
在国际贸易中,结算是至关重要的一个步骤。跨国的特殊性使得结算过程不再是简单的现金和货物的交换两清,而是必须通过有从事外贸业务资格的中介银行,协商结算采用的方式、传递结算工具、转移各种款项和手续费,最终完成结算。负责结算的企业会计不仅仅肩负核算的职责,还应具备执行、监督履约和参与决策的职能。在这种情况下,能否实现会计结算的完全电算化和信息化管理直接影响着整个国际贸易企业的运营和盈亏。
     本文研究和实现的国际贸易中的会计结算系统就是我们为一家国际贸易公司开发的管理型的会计系统。该系统具有贸易前预测、贸易中规划和控制、贸易后核算和统计分析的功能。
     本文首先阐述了国际贸易结算中会计实务的基础知识、信用管理的基本理论以及同类会计系统的发展概况。然后对我们实际开发的国际贸易中的会计结算系统进行了详细的分析和设计,并给出了系统实现的具体方法和步骤。
     本系统能够完成从押汇、收款、销账、结汇到编制会计报表等一系列会计结算工作,处理和银行之间的借贷业务,并且监督整个贸易结算过程中的资金流转。此外,针对国际贸易中经常出现客户违约,导致企业收不到货款经济受损的情况,本系统为企业决策者提供了客户信用管理功能,将基于案例的推理方法应用于信用评估中,通过对贸易伙伴进行信用评估,来指导企业作出正确经营决策,有效控制贸易风险。因此,本系统的开发对于提高结算效率、降低结算成本、防范贸易风险、提高企业竞争力都有重要的意义。
In the international trading activities, the payment is very crucial. The multinational specialty makes the payment process no longer a simple cash and goods commutation. Both exporters and importers must consult the payment way and the delivery tool, and transfer every kind of amount of money and handling charge through qualified bank agency that engaged in the foreign trade. Accountants in business enterprise responsible for the payment not only carry the check job, but also do implementation, supervising and decision. Under this situation, whether or not the complete payment management information system can be realized, directly affect the operation of the whole international trading enterprise.
    This paper presents an accountant calculation information system which is developed for a international trading corporation. It can deal with a series of accountant operations, including bill of exchange, keeping accounts, write-off and making report forms. In addition, this system can be used to manage the debit and credit with banks, with statistics analysis function.
    In the international trading activities, breach of faith of business clients occurred frequently. This system provides credit evaluation of business clients for decision-makers using the method of case-based reasoning, assisting them making correct decision, preventing enterprise from the risk in international trade.
    So applying this system can shorten the period of payment, reduce the cost of payment, keep away from risk and improve the competitive strength of this corporation.
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