金属带长度测量系统的开发与精度分析
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摘要
在金属带式无级变速器中,金属带组件是有着很高使用要求的核心部件,由摩擦片和闭式金属带组成,它的使用性能直接影响着整个无级变速器的工作性能。为保证其使用寿命,不仅要求有较高的韧性,而且要实现均载(即各层金属带上所受张力均匀),而金属带之间的配合关系直接影响着金属带式无级变速器的工作情况和使用寿命。研究金属带之间配合关系的基础和前提是测量出金属带之间的间隙量或过盈量的大小。
本文主要研究用于测量金属带周长的测量方法和对测量仪器加装电控部分。我们使用了一台专门用于对其长度进行测量的仪器,原仪器是使用传统力学换算的方法来获得金属带测量长度值的,现对其进行改造加装电控部分。电控部分的设计方案确定为使用在一条尺带上配备两个读数头的光栅尺进行位移信号的测量,使用单片机读取光栅尺的测量信号,经过数据处理后显示测量位移。电控部分的硬件电路和软件程序设计十分重要,通过它可以提高测量系统的精度。
本文主要阐述了:金属带长度测量系统测量仪的机械结构;配有双读数头的光栅尺安装方式;单片机及其外围电路设计;辨向和倍频细分电路的选择;单片机系统中的数字滤波和软件系统的可靠性设计;数据采集系统的设计;以及测量系统精度分析。最后还通过试验测量以验证系统设计的完善性。
通过本文的研究,使国内在金属带长度测量方面的技术更加完善,本测量系统的测量精度也已经达到企业生产制造的要求。利用电控测量仪,可以快速精确的得到金属带的长度或和偏差,以合理正确的选择在误差范围以内的金属带,为金属带组件的装配提高了效率。
The metal bands are one of the most important parts in metal belt CVT (Continuously-Variable Transmissions), which is made up of metal blocks and bands. Their working performance influences directly on the working performance of CVT. For prolonging the length of life, the metal bands have to be highly flexible and loaded uniformity (the tensile forces among of metal bands layers are uniformity). The relation of metal bands influences directly on the work and life of metal belt CVT. The foundation and prerequisite of researching metal bands with relations is to measure the size of the gap and surplus.
The main researches of the thesis are measuring the metal band on the perimeter of the measurement methods and the installation of electronic control part in the measuring instrument We use an exclusively instrument for the measurement of the length, which is the use of traditional mechanical methods to be converted with the length, and now its transformation is the installation of electronic control part. The design of the electric control part is that using the dual grating scales to measure displacement signals, reading measurement signals by single-chip microcomputer, processing data and displaying the displacement measurement. Designing the hardware circuit and software program of the electric control part is very important, and we can improve the accuracy of measurement system by good design.
This paper mainly describes mechanical structure of the measuring instrument for metal band's length, installation of the dual grating scales, introducing single-chip microcomputer and its peripheral circuit design, choosing the direction-judgment and frequency circuit for grating scale signals, single-chip digital filtering system and the reliability of software system design, data acquisition system, and accuracy analysis of the measuring system. Finally, we verify the perfection of the system design through the test measurements.
Through the study of this article, the technology in measuring length of the metal band become more complete, and the accuracy of the measurement system has been met manufacturing requirements of enterprises. By the electronic control measuring system, it can get metal band' length or deviation quickly and accurately for choosing favorable melt band, and improves efficiency for assembling the metal belt.
本文主要研究用于测量金属带周长的测量方法和对测量仪器加装电控部分。我们使用了一台专门用于对其长度进行测量的仪器,原仪器是使用传统力学换算的方法来获得金属带测量长度值的,现对其进行改造加装电控部分。电控部分的设计方案确定为使用在一条尺带上配备两个读数头的光栅尺进行位移信号的测量,使用单片机读取光栅尺的测量信号,经过数据处理后显示测量位移。电控部分的硬件电路和软件程序设计十分重要,通过它可以提高测量系统的精度。
本文主要阐述了:金属带长度测量系统测量仪的机械结构;配有双读数头的光栅尺安装方式;单片机及其外围电路设计;辨向和倍频细分电路的选择;单片机系统中的数字滤波和软件系统的可靠性设计;数据采集系统的设计;以及测量系统精度分析。最后还通过试验测量以验证系统设计的完善性。
通过本文的研究,使国内在金属带长度测量方面的技术更加完善,本测量系统的测量精度也已经达到企业生产制造的要求。利用电控测量仪,可以快速精确的得到金属带的长度或和偏差,以合理正确的选择在误差范围以内的金属带,为金属带组件的装配提高了效率。
The metal bands are one of the most important parts in metal belt CVT (Continuously-Variable Transmissions), which is made up of metal blocks and bands. Their working performance influences directly on the working performance of CVT. For prolonging the length of life, the metal bands have to be highly flexible and loaded uniformity (the tensile forces among of metal bands layers are uniformity). The relation of metal bands influences directly on the work and life of metal belt CVT. The foundation and prerequisite of researching metal bands with relations is to measure the size of the gap and surplus.
The main researches of the thesis are measuring the metal band on the perimeter of the measurement methods and the installation of electronic control part in the measuring instrument We use an exclusively instrument for the measurement of the length, which is the use of traditional mechanical methods to be converted with the length, and now its transformation is the installation of electronic control part. The design of the electric control part is that using the dual grating scales to measure displacement signals, reading measurement signals by single-chip microcomputer, processing data and displaying the displacement measurement. Designing the hardware circuit and software program of the electric control part is very important, and we can improve the accuracy of measurement system by good design.
This paper mainly describes mechanical structure of the measuring instrument for metal band's length, installation of the dual grating scales, introducing single-chip microcomputer and its peripheral circuit design, choosing the direction-judgment and frequency circuit for grating scale signals, single-chip digital filtering system and the reliability of software system design, data acquisition system, and accuracy analysis of the measuring system. Finally, we verify the perfection of the system design through the test measurements.
Through the study of this article, the technology in measuring length of the metal band become more complete, and the accuracy of the measurement system has been met manufacturing requirements of enterprises. By the electronic control measuring system, it can get metal band' length or deviation quickly and accurately for choosing favorable melt band, and improves efficiency for assembling the metal belt.
引文
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2.Keiju abo,et al.Development of a Metal Belt-Drive CVT Incorprating a Torque Converter for Use with 2-Liter Class Engines[J],SAE Tech.Paper Series,1998,112(08):23-27.
3.E.Ashloy.Is CVT the Car Transmission of the Future[J],Mechanical Engineering,1994,116(11):65-68.
4.裘熙定等.轿车金属带式无级自动变速传动技术发展现状与趋势[J],汽车技术,1998,37(4):45-49.
5.[荷兰]E.Hendriks et al;顾群译.推块式金属带式无级变速器的性能分析[J],传动技术,1997,112(4):56-61.
6.S.Kuwabara,T.Fujii and S.Kanehara.Power Transmitting Mechanisms of CVT Using a Metal V-Belt and Load Distribution in the Steel Ring[J],SAE Tech.Paper Series,1998,112(13):265-271.
7.Hua J S,He W L.Developments and future t rends of the smart transmission 'CVT'[J],Drive System Technique,1997,45(9):22-30.
8.张德臻.金属带式无级变速传动设计方法的研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,1999
9.汪世益.基于AT89S51的数控机床光栅尺位移测量系统[J],机电工程技术,2006,35(6):47-51.
10.马德贤.金属带式无级变速器用金属带长度的测量方法研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,1997
11.Toru Fujii,Takemasa Kurokawa,Shigeru Kenehara.A study of a Metal Pushing V-Belt Type CVT-partl:Relation between Transmitted Torque and Pulley Thrust[J],SAE,1993,67(6):1-11.
12.Toru Fujii,Takemasa Kurokawa,Shigeru Kenehara.A study of a Metal Pushing V-Belt Type CVT-part2:Compression Force between Metal Block and Ring Tension[J],SAE,1993,67(6):12-22.
13.绳红强,汪世益.基于AT89S51的数控机床光栅尺位移测量系统[J],机电工程技术,2006,35(6):47-50.
14.Masayuki Yasuoka,Masaaki Uchida et.al.An integrated control algorithm for an SI engine and a CVT[J],SAE,1999,113(01):47-52.
15.赵常德.MCS-51/98单片机原理与应用[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2001
16.M.boos and H.Mozer:RCOTRONIC-The Continuously Variable ZFTransmission (CVT)[J],SAE Paper No.970685,in SAE SP-1241,Transmission and Driveline Systems Symposium,SAE,1997,(11):256-259.
17.沈国良.电工电子技术基础[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2003,113-116.
18.王永辉.带有USB通信接口光栅表的设计与实现[D],大连大连理工大学硕士论文,2005
19.陈卫兵,束惹.单片机系统中的掉电检测和数据保护[J],仪表技术,2003,78(2):23-28.
20.刘海波.精密光栅数据处理系统的研究[D],长春长春理工大学硕士论文,2007
21.孟超,胡生清.微机高倍数光栅信号细分技术及应用[J],中国仪器仪表,1995,95(5):72-74.
22.姬立红.光栅数显装置的集成化设计[D],沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文,2001
23.王荣秀.基于单片机和CPLD的粗光栅位移测量系统研究[D],重庆大学硕士学位论文,2006
24.凌睿,高富强.基于CPLD的光栅尺位移测量系统[J],自动化与仪器仪表,2005,(1):40-42.
25.闫丽,段发阶,方志强.基于EPM7128的光栅唯一传感器信号细分电路模块的设计[J],计量与测试技术,2005,32(3):19-23.
26.张百海,柴森春,贾媛媛等.数据采集系统中光栅尺信号处理方法的研究[J],机与液压,2003,25(2):118-119.
27.王桂芳.现代数控机床的测量系统——光栅尺的测量原理和选择标准[J],现代制造,2002,19(5):66-68.
28.李宇.基于单片机系统可靠性的掉电保护的研究[J],电子质量,2004,(7):46-51.
29.HEIDENHAIN(海德汉)光栅产品介绍.
30.王幸之,钟爱琴,王雷,王闪.AT89系列单片机原理与接口技术[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,43-59.
31.M.A.Kluger and D.R.Fussner,An Overview of Current CVT Mechanisms,Forces and Efficiencies[J],SAE Paper No.970688,in SAE SP-1241,Transmission and Driveline Systems Symposium,pp.81-88 SAE,1997
32.求是科技.单片机典型模块设计实例导航[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,242-249,301-307,329-336.
33.宋宁.金属带式无级变速器各层钢环配合问题的研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,2000
34.李来平.金属带式无级变速器钢环组的设计与研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,2000
35.张杰,姚剑,叶林,李昌禧.频率测量的新方法.工业仪表与自动化装置[J],2003,(1):61-67.
36.金喜平,边英杰,梅笑宇.鉴相技术在金属粗光栅细分中的应用[J],沈阳沈阳工业大学学报,1999,10(10):35-41.
37.郭雨梅,王楠,常丽,金喜平.数字集成化光栅数显装置的研究与设计[J],仪表技术与传感器,2005,56(5):78-82.
38.浦昭邦,王宝光.测控仪器设计[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2004
39.金杰,董鸿哗.智能化光栅数显表在大直径测量中的应用[J],仪表技术与传感器,1998,20(2):85-89
40.Kosinskii,A.V,Popov,A.E.Photoelectric phase displacememt transducer[J],Meas Tech V34 N,4Sep 1991,26(3):349-350.
41.李殿奎.光栅计量技术[M],北京:中国计量出版社,1987
42.祝绍箕,黄宣韵,曹向群.光栅数字显示技术及其应用[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1992
43.李东生,张勇,许四毛.Protel 99SE电路设计教程[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007
44.聂典.Multisim 9计算机仿真在电子电路设计中的应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2007
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47.王正林,王胜开,陈国顺.MATLAB/Simulink与控制系统仿真[M],北京:电子 工业出版社,2005
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54.SGC系列光栅线位移传感器使用说明书,长春光机数显公司
2.Keiju abo,et al.Development of a Metal Belt-Drive CVT Incorprating a Torque Converter for Use with 2-Liter Class Engines[J],SAE Tech.Paper Series,1998,112(08):23-27.
3.E.Ashloy.Is CVT the Car Transmission of the Future[J],Mechanical Engineering,1994,116(11):65-68.
4.裘熙定等.轿车金属带式无级自动变速传动技术发展现状与趋势[J],汽车技术,1998,37(4):45-49.
5.[荷兰]E.Hendriks et al;顾群译.推块式金属带式无级变速器的性能分析[J],传动技术,1997,112(4):56-61.
6.S.Kuwabara,T.Fujii and S.Kanehara.Power Transmitting Mechanisms of CVT Using a Metal V-Belt and Load Distribution in the Steel Ring[J],SAE Tech.Paper Series,1998,112(13):265-271.
7.Hua J S,He W L.Developments and future t rends of the smart transmission 'CVT'[J],Drive System Technique,1997,45(9):22-30.
8.张德臻.金属带式无级变速传动设计方法的研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,1999
9.汪世益.基于AT89S51的数控机床光栅尺位移测量系统[J],机电工程技术,2006,35(6):47-51.
10.马德贤.金属带式无级变速器用金属带长度的测量方法研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,1997
11.Toru Fujii,Takemasa Kurokawa,Shigeru Kenehara.A study of a Metal Pushing V-Belt Type CVT-partl:Relation between Transmitted Torque and Pulley Thrust[J],SAE,1993,67(6):1-11.
12.Toru Fujii,Takemasa Kurokawa,Shigeru Kenehara.A study of a Metal Pushing V-Belt Type CVT-part2:Compression Force between Metal Block and Ring Tension[J],SAE,1993,67(6):12-22.
13.绳红强,汪世益.基于AT89S51的数控机床光栅尺位移测量系统[J],机电工程技术,2006,35(6):47-50.
14.Masayuki Yasuoka,Masaaki Uchida et.al.An integrated control algorithm for an SI engine and a CVT[J],SAE,1999,113(01):47-52.
15.赵常德.MCS-51/98单片机原理与应用[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2001
16.M.boos and H.Mozer:RCOTRONIC-The Continuously Variable ZFTransmission (CVT)[J],SAE Paper No.970685,in SAE SP-1241,Transmission and Driveline Systems Symposium,SAE,1997,(11):256-259.
17.沈国良.电工电子技术基础[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2003,113-116.
18.王永辉.带有USB通信接口光栅表的设计与实现[D],大连大连理工大学硕士论文,2005
19.陈卫兵,束惹.单片机系统中的掉电检测和数据保护[J],仪表技术,2003,78(2):23-28.
20.刘海波.精密光栅数据处理系统的研究[D],长春长春理工大学硕士论文,2007
21.孟超,胡生清.微机高倍数光栅信号细分技术及应用[J],中国仪器仪表,1995,95(5):72-74.
22.姬立红.光栅数显装置的集成化设计[D],沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文,2001
23.王荣秀.基于单片机和CPLD的粗光栅位移测量系统研究[D],重庆大学硕士学位论文,2006
24.凌睿,高富强.基于CPLD的光栅尺位移测量系统[J],自动化与仪器仪表,2005,(1):40-42.
25.闫丽,段发阶,方志强.基于EPM7128的光栅唯一传感器信号细分电路模块的设计[J],计量与测试技术,2005,32(3):19-23.
26.张百海,柴森春,贾媛媛等.数据采集系统中光栅尺信号处理方法的研究[J],机与液压,2003,25(2):118-119.
27.王桂芳.现代数控机床的测量系统——光栅尺的测量原理和选择标准[J],现代制造,2002,19(5):66-68.
28.李宇.基于单片机系统可靠性的掉电保护的研究[J],电子质量,2004,(7):46-51.
29.HEIDENHAIN(海德汉)光栅产品介绍.
30.王幸之,钟爱琴,王雷,王闪.AT89系列单片机原理与接口技术[M],北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004,43-59.
31.M.A.Kluger and D.R.Fussner,An Overview of Current CVT Mechanisms,Forces and Efficiencies[J],SAE Paper No.970688,in SAE SP-1241,Transmission and Driveline Systems Symposium,pp.81-88 SAE,1997
32.求是科技.单片机典型模块设计实例导航[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,242-249,301-307,329-336.
33.宋宁.金属带式无级变速器各层钢环配合问题的研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,2000
34.李来平.金属带式无级变速器钢环组的设计与研究[D],沈阳东北大学硕士论文,2000
35.张杰,姚剑,叶林,李昌禧.频率测量的新方法.工业仪表与自动化装置[J],2003,(1):61-67.
36.金喜平,边英杰,梅笑宇.鉴相技术在金属粗光栅细分中的应用[J],沈阳沈阳工业大学学报,1999,10(10):35-41.
37.郭雨梅,王楠,常丽,金喜平.数字集成化光栅数显装置的研究与设计[J],仪表技术与传感器,2005,56(5):78-82.
38.浦昭邦,王宝光.测控仪器设计[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2004
39.金杰,董鸿哗.智能化光栅数显表在大直径测量中的应用[J],仪表技术与传感器,1998,20(2):85-89
40.Kosinskii,A.V,Popov,A.E.Photoelectric phase displacememt transducer[J],Meas Tech V34 N,4Sep 1991,26(3):349-350.
41.李殿奎.光栅计量技术[M],北京:中国计量出版社,1987
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