基于高压交流激励电容层析成像系统研究
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摘要
电容层析成像(Electrical Capacitance Tomography, ECT)技术是上世纪80年代后出现的,能检测被测对象内部介质的二维或三维分布信息的自动检测技术。近年来,对电容层析成像技术研究的热点主要集中在微小电容量测量与图像重建两个方面。本文对微小电容检测问题进行了研究,设计了一种高压交流激励微小电容测量电路,并在此基础上设计实现了高压交流激励ECT系统。论文的主要工作及创新点包括：
(1)分析了用于电容层析成像系统的交流微小电容测量电路,研制了高压交流激励微小电容测量电路。研制了可分辨aF数量级的可变比对电容器,并利用该可变电容器对所设计的微小电容测量电路的性能指标进行了检验。检验结果表明,所设计的测量电路具有aF数量级的分辨力、高稳定性(4小时6aF)、高线性度(相关系数大于0.9992)等特点。
(2)以灵敏度矩阵的条件数、均匀性以及传感器电容变化范围等为优化指标,设计制作了内置8极板传感器阵列；研制了适合高压交流激励信号的极板切换电路；设计实现了750Vpp激励电压的高压交流激励8极板ECT系统。利用新建高压交流激励8极板ECT系统与20Vpp激励电压的ECT系统对传感器阵列内部分布的占空比小于1%的目标进行了识别对比实验,实验结果表明高压ECT系统对微小目标的识别能力高于低压系统。
(3)分析了介电常数未知时如何选择介电常数计算灵敏度矩阵问题。利用高压交流激励8极板ECT系统对介电常数未知的典型流型分布进行了图像重建实验。实验结果表明,高压交流激励8极板ECT系统具有良好的图像重建能力。
(4)研制了高压交流激励24极板ECT系统,利用新建系统在滤波LBP、Landweber迭代、正则化迭代算法支持下对10种典型流型分布进行了图像重建实验。实验结果表明,除了分布于传感器阵列中心的核心流型的误差指标较高外,其它各种流型的误差指标均较低；而且,即使是投影LBP算法也能获得高质量的重建图像,这充分说明增加极板数量可以降低ECT系统的图像重建难度,提高了ECT系统重建图像质量。
Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) has been developed since later1980s, which is used to detect the2D/3D distribution informantion of different dielectric constant materials in measured object. Recently, the research of ECT system focuses on measuring low capacitance and image reconstruction algorithms. The paper introduces a high voltage excitation ac-based low capacitance measuring circuit for tomography and designs ECT systems based on the low capacitance measuring circuit. The main jobs of the paper are as follows:
(1) The paper reviews the technology of low capacitance measurement for tomography, and then proposes a high voltage excitation ac-based low capacitance measuring circuit. The performance of new measurement circuit is tested with a structured reference capacitance whose resolution is about attofarad order of magnititude. The testing results show that the new measurement circuit has high resolution of several attofarads, high stability (no more than6aF during4hours) and high linearity (the correlation coefficient more than0.9992).
(2) An8-electrode ECT sensor for high voltage excitation is optimized according to the condition number of sensitivity matrix, the uniform of sensitivity map and the range of changes in capacitance. A switching arrangement circuit is designed for high voltage excitation signal. An8-electrode ECT system is constructed with750Vpp ac excitation. Comparing experimental results show that the new ECT system has better discernment performance for little duty ratio object in the sensor than an ac-based ECT with20Vpp excitation.
(3) The paper also discusses how to choose a pair of dielectic constants for calculating the sensitivity matrix under the known dielectric constant condition. Some typical distribution patterns with unknown dielectric constant is used to test the image reconstruction ability of high voltage ac excitation8-electrodes ECT system, and the experimental resultants show that the new ECT system has a good ability of reconstruction image.
(4) A24-electrode ECT system based on improved ac high voltage excitation low capacitance measurement circuit is constructed in laboratory. Ten different distributions in sensor are used to test the24-electrod ECT system with the support of filtered-LBP, Landweber iterative and Tikhonov iterative algorithms. The experimental results show that all distributions can been reconstructed by the ECT system exactly but the core pattern in the centre of the sensor. The results also prove that the LBP algorithm can reconstruct a good quality image when the number of electrode of sensor array is up to24. That indicates that more electrodes benefits to the quality of reconstructed image.
(1)分析了用于电容层析成像系统的交流微小电容测量电路,研制了高压交流激励微小电容测量电路。研制了可分辨aF数量级的可变比对电容器,并利用该可变电容器对所设计的微小电容测量电路的性能指标进行了检验。检验结果表明,所设计的测量电路具有aF数量级的分辨力、高稳定性(4小时6aF)、高线性度(相关系数大于0.9992)等特点。
(2)以灵敏度矩阵的条件数、均匀性以及传感器电容变化范围等为优化指标,设计制作了内置8极板传感器阵列；研制了适合高压交流激励信号的极板切换电路；设计实现了750Vpp激励电压的高压交流激励8极板ECT系统。利用新建高压交流激励8极板ECT系统与20Vpp激励电压的ECT系统对传感器阵列内部分布的占空比小于1%的目标进行了识别对比实验,实验结果表明高压ECT系统对微小目标的识别能力高于低压系统。
(3)分析了介电常数未知时如何选择介电常数计算灵敏度矩阵问题。利用高压交流激励8极板ECT系统对介电常数未知的典型流型分布进行了图像重建实验。实验结果表明,高压交流激励8极板ECT系统具有良好的图像重建能力。
(4)研制了高压交流激励24极板ECT系统,利用新建系统在滤波LBP、Landweber迭代、正则化迭代算法支持下对10种典型流型分布进行了图像重建实验。实验结果表明,除了分布于传感器阵列中心的核心流型的误差指标较高外,其它各种流型的误差指标均较低；而且,即使是投影LBP算法也能获得高质量的重建图像,这充分说明增加极板数量可以降低ECT系统的图像重建难度,提高了ECT系统重建图像质量。
Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) has been developed since later1980s, which is used to detect the2D/3D distribution informantion of different dielectric constant materials in measured object. Recently, the research of ECT system focuses on measuring low capacitance and image reconstruction algorithms. The paper introduces a high voltage excitation ac-based low capacitance measuring circuit for tomography and designs ECT systems based on the low capacitance measuring circuit. The main jobs of the paper are as follows:
(1) The paper reviews the technology of low capacitance measurement for tomography, and then proposes a high voltage excitation ac-based low capacitance measuring circuit. The performance of new measurement circuit is tested with a structured reference capacitance whose resolution is about attofarad order of magnititude. The testing results show that the new measurement circuit has high resolution of several attofarads, high stability (no more than6aF during4hours) and high linearity (the correlation coefficient more than0.9992).
(2) An8-electrode ECT sensor for high voltage excitation is optimized according to the condition number of sensitivity matrix, the uniform of sensitivity map and the range of changes in capacitance. A switching arrangement circuit is designed for high voltage excitation signal. An8-electrode ECT system is constructed with750Vpp ac excitation. Comparing experimental results show that the new ECT system has better discernment performance for little duty ratio object in the sensor than an ac-based ECT with20Vpp excitation.
(3) The paper also discusses how to choose a pair of dielectic constants for calculating the sensitivity matrix under the known dielectric constant condition. Some typical distribution patterns with unknown dielectric constant is used to test the image reconstruction ability of high voltage ac excitation8-electrodes ECT system, and the experimental resultants show that the new ECT system has a good ability of reconstruction image.
(4) A24-electrode ECT system based on improved ac high voltage excitation low capacitance measurement circuit is constructed in laboratory. Ten different distributions in sensor are used to test the24-electrod ECT system with the support of filtered-LBP, Landweber iterative and Tikhonov iterative algorithms. The experimental results show that all distributions can been reconstructed by the ECT system exactly but the core pattern in the centre of the sensor. The results also prove that the LBP algorithm can reconstruct a good quality image when the number of electrode of sensor array is up to24. That indicates that more electrodes benefits to the quality of reconstructed image.
引文
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