光纤光栅智能材料与结构理论和应用研究
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摘要
材料与结构的智能化是21世纪具有挑战性的课题。利用智能材料与结构技术解决重大工程结构在整个生命周期内的健康监测和安全评估问题,是一个世界性的研究热点,具有重大的社会意义和经济价值。“结构健康监测”是智能材料与结构发展与综合的象征,是高新技术开发与集成的标志,也是现代结构实验技术的集中体现。研究开发在长期稳定性上满足工程要求的传感元件、发展新型光纤光栅智能材料结构系统是从根本上实现结构健康监测的核心工作之一。
本论文在国家自然科学基金、国家863计划和湖北省重点攻关项目的支持下,在导师的悉心指导下,从基础理论、基本实验、工程应用上研究了光纤光栅智能材料与结构的理论和应用技术,从材料、构件、结构等方面探讨了用于重大工程结构的光纤光栅传感器的制备技术、光纤光栅传感网络设计技术和系统集成技术。目的是研制出光纤光栅应变、温度和压力等传感器及其所构成的健康监测系统,并实现在重大工程建设中的应用。本论文的相关研究工作历时五年,多项研究成果通过相关的成果鉴定,并已在多个重大工程项目上获得实际应用,成为国家科技进步二等奖的部分内容。
本文主要内容包括:光纤光栅的智能传感机理,稳定、可靠的光纤光栅传感元件和多参量光纤光栅传感器的研制,光纤光栅智能材料与结构系统及其自诊断功能实现方法的研究,以及“结构健康监测”在重大工程中的应用研究等。
一、对智能材料与结构、智能材料与结构中的传感技术、光纤光栅传感技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了回顾和展望,探讨了光纤光栅智能材料与结构的基本概念和构成方式。
二、从光纤光栅光敏性的研究出发,对光纤光栅的传输理论和基本智能传感特性进行了理论推证,分析了光纤光栅的传感机理。从传感用光纤光栅的要求出发,通过对载氢、光栅结构参数、光刻条件和退火工艺对光纤光栅光谱特性影响理论和实验的研究,总结出有关制备具有长期稳定性光纤光栅传感元件较理想的技术和工艺条件。
三、基于智能材料与结构的相容性要求,通过对光纤光栅/传感器/待测界面应变传递特性、光纤光栅复合弹性体结构的理论研究和分析,形成基于应变传递效率的光纤光栅应变传感器的基本设计方法。总结了基于热、力耦合作用加速检验光纤光栅传感器长期稳定性的新方法。
The intellectualizing of materials and structures is the most challenging subject in the 21th century. The study on the health monitoring and safety evaluation within the whole life cycle of the huge engineering structure is a popular subject all over the world and has great social significance and economic benefits. The " health monitoring of structure " has become the symbol of the development and integration of intelligent materials and structures, the development and integration of high-tech., and also the concentrated reflection of the experimental technique of the modern structure. One of the key work to realize the health monitoring of structure fundamentally is to study and develop the sensing components whose durability and stability can meet the engineering needs and to develop the new kinds of fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures.Financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund, National 863 Program, Key Research Projects of Hubei Province, and under the elaborate guidance of my tutor, in this thesis, the basic theories, fundamental experiments and engineering application of the intelligent materials and structures of fiber optic grating have been studied. The preparation technology for fiber optic grating sensors, the design and system integration technology for fiber optic sensing network, which will be used in huge engineering structures, have been explored in the aspects of materials, components and structures. The purpose is to develop the fiber optic strain, temperature and pressure sensors and their health monitoring system, and to use them in huge engineering construction. The related research work has been undertaken for five years and several achievements were evaluated. They were used in several huge engineering and became parts of the second class of the National Scientific and Technological Prize .The main contents of this thesis include the intelligent sensing mechanism of the fiber optic grating, the manufacturing technology for the stable and reliable fiber optic grating sensing components, the development of fiber optic grating sensors with multiparameter, the study of fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures, the realization of self-diagnose function, and the application of "health monitoring of structures" in huge engineering.
1. The current study situation and development direction of intelligent materials and structures, their sensing technology and fiber optic grating sensing technology were reviewed and forecasted. The basic concepts and forming patterns of the fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures were explored.2. According to the study of photosensitive mechanism, the transmitting theory and basic intelligent sensing characteristics of fiber optic grating were reasoned and proved theoretically, the sensing mechanism of fiber optic grating was illustrated, and the sensing mechanism of fiber optic grating was analyzed. According to the demands of fiber optic grating used for sensing and through the theoretical and experimental study on the influence of hydrogen loading, structural parameters of fiber optic grating, photoetching strips and annealing process to the characteristics of grating spectra, the rather perfect technics and process conditions for preparing the fiber optic grating sensing components have been summarized.3. Based on the compatibility demand of intelligent materials and structures, and through the theoretical study and analysis on the strain transmitting characteristics of fiber optic grating/sensors/interface to be detected and the structures of the complex elastomer of fiber optic grating, the basic theories and methods for the design of fiber optic grating strain sensor based on the strain transmitting efficiency were formed. The new method based on the study of the coupling of heat and force to detect the long-term stability of fiber optic grating sensors has been summarized.(1) The fiber optic strain, temperature and pressure sensors were developed and used in the safety monitoring of several huge engineering projects.(2) The mechanical states of the complex interface of the detecting structure-optic fiber-elastomer-encapsulation materials were analyzed and the problems of their strain transmitting were studied. Analyzed by finit element method, the basic design principle and method for fiber optic strain sensors which can meet the detection need of concrete structure and metal structure has been proposed.(3) The encapsulation technics and the properties standardization method for fiber optic grating sensors have been formed.(4) It has been found that the main factor to influence the long term stability of fiber optic grating sensors was the change of the stain transmitting
characteristics caused by the coupling effect of heat and force. The new method for improving the long term stability of fiber optic grating sensors based on the coupling of heat and force was proposed.4. The design theory and method for fiber optic grating intelligent materials andstructures have been studied.(1) The experimental device based on the structure damage recognition of the fiber optic grating sensing array was designed by studying the multi-application sensing technology of fiber optic grating. The damage recognition mechanism of four-side upholded plank structure was studied through BP nerve net and model experiment. And the technology and method for realizing the self-diagnosing of fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures were explored(2) The basic composition and function of the health monitoring and damage diagnosis system for huge engineering structure have been proposed initially.(3) The rationality of the installation and arrangement technics of fiber optic strain sensors were validated by huge structure tests. The ideal installation technics, organizing and implementing methods for the health monitoring system of huge engineering structure have been proposed.5. The fiber optic grating sensors and their monitoring system for structure safety have been used in many huge engineering structures firstly , including steel structure, concrete bridge and prestress structure, which were compared with the traditional detecting technology. The application results show that fiber optic grating sensors and their monitoring system are suitable for the detection of complex stress and supramaxilmal strain parameters for several object structure with several working condition, and that their stability and durability can meet the practical engineering demand of the construction monitoring and long term health monitoring for huge engineering structure, demonstrating the realization of the application of fiber optic grating sensors in engineering and in large scale.
本论文在国家自然科学基金、国家863计划和湖北省重点攻关项目的支持下,在导师的悉心指导下,从基础理论、基本实验、工程应用上研究了光纤光栅智能材料与结构的理论和应用技术,从材料、构件、结构等方面探讨了用于重大工程结构的光纤光栅传感器的制备技术、光纤光栅传感网络设计技术和系统集成技术。目的是研制出光纤光栅应变、温度和压力等传感器及其所构成的健康监测系统,并实现在重大工程建设中的应用。本论文的相关研究工作历时五年,多项研究成果通过相关的成果鉴定,并已在多个重大工程项目上获得实际应用,成为国家科技进步二等奖的部分内容。
本文主要内容包括:光纤光栅的智能传感机理,稳定、可靠的光纤光栅传感元件和多参量光纤光栅传感器的研制,光纤光栅智能材料与结构系统及其自诊断功能实现方法的研究,以及“结构健康监测”在重大工程中的应用研究等。
一、对智能材料与结构、智能材料与结构中的传感技术、光纤光栅传感技术的研究现状和发展趋势进行了回顾和展望,探讨了光纤光栅智能材料与结构的基本概念和构成方式。
二、从光纤光栅光敏性的研究出发,对光纤光栅的传输理论和基本智能传感特性进行了理论推证,分析了光纤光栅的传感机理。从传感用光纤光栅的要求出发,通过对载氢、光栅结构参数、光刻条件和退火工艺对光纤光栅光谱特性影响理论和实验的研究,总结出有关制备具有长期稳定性光纤光栅传感元件较理想的技术和工艺条件。
三、基于智能材料与结构的相容性要求,通过对光纤光栅/传感器/待测界面应变传递特性、光纤光栅复合弹性体结构的理论研究和分析,形成基于应变传递效率的光纤光栅应变传感器的基本设计方法。总结了基于热、力耦合作用加速检验光纤光栅传感器长期稳定性的新方法。
The intellectualizing of materials and structures is the most challenging subject in the 21th century. The study on the health monitoring and safety evaluation within the whole life cycle of the huge engineering structure is a popular subject all over the world and has great social significance and economic benefits. The " health monitoring of structure " has become the symbol of the development and integration of intelligent materials and structures, the development and integration of high-tech., and also the concentrated reflection of the experimental technique of the modern structure. One of the key work to realize the health monitoring of structure fundamentally is to study and develop the sensing components whose durability and stability can meet the engineering needs and to develop the new kinds of fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures.Financially supported by the National Natural Science Fund, National 863 Program, Key Research Projects of Hubei Province, and under the elaborate guidance of my tutor, in this thesis, the basic theories, fundamental experiments and engineering application of the intelligent materials and structures of fiber optic grating have been studied. The preparation technology for fiber optic grating sensors, the design and system integration technology for fiber optic sensing network, which will be used in huge engineering structures, have been explored in the aspects of materials, components and structures. The purpose is to develop the fiber optic strain, temperature and pressure sensors and their health monitoring system, and to use them in huge engineering construction. The related research work has been undertaken for five years and several achievements were evaluated. They were used in several huge engineering and became parts of the second class of the National Scientific and Technological Prize .The main contents of this thesis include the intelligent sensing mechanism of the fiber optic grating, the manufacturing technology for the stable and reliable fiber optic grating sensing components, the development of fiber optic grating sensors with multiparameter, the study of fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures, the realization of self-diagnose function, and the application of "health monitoring of structures" in huge engineering.
1. The current study situation and development direction of intelligent materials and structures, their sensing technology and fiber optic grating sensing technology were reviewed and forecasted. The basic concepts and forming patterns of the fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures were explored.2. According to the study of photosensitive mechanism, the transmitting theory and basic intelligent sensing characteristics of fiber optic grating were reasoned and proved theoretically, the sensing mechanism of fiber optic grating was illustrated, and the sensing mechanism of fiber optic grating was analyzed. According to the demands of fiber optic grating used for sensing and through the theoretical and experimental study on the influence of hydrogen loading, structural parameters of fiber optic grating, photoetching strips and annealing process to the characteristics of grating spectra, the rather perfect technics and process conditions for preparing the fiber optic grating sensing components have been summarized.3. Based on the compatibility demand of intelligent materials and structures, and through the theoretical study and analysis on the strain transmitting characteristics of fiber optic grating/sensors/interface to be detected and the structures of the complex elastomer of fiber optic grating, the basic theories and methods for the design of fiber optic grating strain sensor based on the strain transmitting efficiency were formed. The new method based on the study of the coupling of heat and force to detect the long-term stability of fiber optic grating sensors has been summarized.(1) The fiber optic strain, temperature and pressure sensors were developed and used in the safety monitoring of several huge engineering projects.(2) The mechanical states of the complex interface of the detecting structure-optic fiber-elastomer-encapsulation materials were analyzed and the problems of their strain transmitting were studied. Analyzed by finit element method, the basic design principle and method for fiber optic strain sensors which can meet the detection need of concrete structure and metal structure has been proposed.(3) The encapsulation technics and the properties standardization method for fiber optic grating sensors have been formed.(4) It has been found that the main factor to influence the long term stability of fiber optic grating sensors was the change of the stain transmitting
characteristics caused by the coupling effect of heat and force. The new method for improving the long term stability of fiber optic grating sensors based on the coupling of heat and force was proposed.4. The design theory and method for fiber optic grating intelligent materials andstructures have been studied.(1) The experimental device based on the structure damage recognition of the fiber optic grating sensing array was designed by studying the multi-application sensing technology of fiber optic grating. The damage recognition mechanism of four-side upholded plank structure was studied through BP nerve net and model experiment. And the technology and method for realizing the self-diagnosing of fiber optic grating intelligent materials and structures were explored(2) The basic composition and function of the health monitoring and damage diagnosis system for huge engineering structure have been proposed initially.(3) The rationality of the installation and arrangement technics of fiber optic strain sensors were validated by huge structure tests. The ideal installation technics, organizing and implementing methods for the health monitoring system of huge engineering structure have been proposed.5. The fiber optic grating sensors and their monitoring system for structure safety have been used in many huge engineering structures firstly , including steel structure, concrete bridge and prestress structure, which were compared with the traditional detecting technology. The application results show that fiber optic grating sensors and their monitoring system are suitable for the detection of complex stress and supramaxilmal strain parameters for several object structure with several working condition, and that their stability and durability can meet the practical engineering demand of the construction monitoring and long term health monitoring for huge engineering structure, demonstrating the realization of the application of fiber optic grating sensors in engineering and in large scale.
引文
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