宽带水声阵列信号处理的原理及方法研究
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摘要
宽带阵列信号处理是水声信号处理的一个主要研究方向，但是宽带水声信号的处理远比窄带信号复杂的多。本文将致力于研究宽带阵列信号处理中关于宽带相干干扰的抵消、宽带基阵设计和宽带方位估计等问题。
提出了三元阵及多元阵的信号相位匹配原理，推导了利用信号相位匹配原理的空间信号估计公式，给出了信号相位匹配原理的物理意义及几何解释，分析了信号相位和噪声幅度起伏对信号估计性能的影响。
提出了利用信号相位匹配原理的宽带相干干扰的抵消方法，推导了存在相干干扰时的信号估计公式，推导了阵元间距必须满足的条件。对抵消相干干扰的性能做了详细的分析。理论及仿真结果表明，该原理在抵消宽带的、未知方位的相干干扰时具有优异的性能。
提出了一种简单、易于实现的恒定束宽波束形成器设计方法，该方法对阵形和阵元指向性没有任何限制；分别提出了基于阵列接收数据重采样、基于DFT插值和自适应综合的三种具有频率不变波束图的宽带波束形成器设计方法，对于每一种设计方法都给出了一个设计实例并做了性能分析；提出一种基于DFT插值的简化线性约束最小方差宽带自适应阵列算法，该方法可以大大降低自适应阵列的运算量。
提出了利用信号相位匹配法的宽带信号方位估计方法并从仿真和实验两方面对其进行了验证；提出了基于DFT插值的和基于频率不变响应波束域的两种宽带信号高分辨方位估计算法，这两种方法在进行方位估计时均不需要进行方位预估，从而避免了因角度预估可能带来的估计偏差；最后提出了一种提高均匀线列阵方位估计性能的时空平均法，该方法可适用于多数窄带或宽带的特征结构类高分辨方位估计算法中。
Broadband array signal processing is a main direction of underwater acoustic signal processing, but the broadband signal processing is more complex than that of narrowband. This dissertation is devoted to the study of several aspects of the broadband signal processing, concerning broadband coherent interference suppression, design of broadband array and DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation of broadband source.
The signal-phase-matching principle of three and multi sensors are proposed in this dissertation. By using these principles, the formulae of estimated spatial signal are derived. The physical meaning and the geometric interpretation of these principles are given. The performances of estimated signal are analyzed when the phase of expected signal and the amplitude of noise are fluctuant.
The method of broadband coherent interference suppression is presented by using the signal-phase-matching principle. The formulae of estimated signal form coherent interference are derived. The sensor space that must be satisfied is derived. The performances of coherent interference suppression are analyzed in detail. The theoretical analyses and results of computer simulation show that the method has good performances in suppressing broadband coherent interference, while the DOA is unknown.
A sample numerical design method for constant beamwidth beamformer is given. This method is easy to implement and has no restriction on array geometry and sensor patterns; Three methods for the design of broadband frequency invariant beamformer are proposed, which are the method of resampling signals received by the array, the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) interpolation method and adaptive synthesis method, respectively. Examples and performance analyses are given for each method; A simplified linear constrained minimum variance broadband adaptive algorithm that based on DFT interpolation method is presented. Compared with conventional broadband adaptive algorithms, the presented method can reduce computation work greatly.
Broadband source location method is investigated by using signal-phase-matching principle, and simulations and experiments are carried out to show the validity of the method; Two high resolution algorithms of broadband signals are proposed, which are the DFT interpolation algorithm and the frequency invariant beam space algorithm. The proposed algorithms have no requirement for prior information of source locations, so the results of DOA estimation can be unbiased; A method of temporal-spatial averaging, which can improve the performance of DOA estimation for uniform linear arrays, is given. This method can be applied in the most narrowband or broadband eigen-structure based high resolution algorithms.
提出了三元阵及多元阵的信号相位匹配原理，推导了利用信号相位匹配原理的空间信号估计公式，给出了信号相位匹配原理的物理意义及几何解释，分析了信号相位和噪声幅度起伏对信号估计性能的影响。
提出了利用信号相位匹配原理的宽带相干干扰的抵消方法，推导了存在相干干扰时的信号估计公式，推导了阵元间距必须满足的条件。对抵消相干干扰的性能做了详细的分析。理论及仿真结果表明，该原理在抵消宽带的、未知方位的相干干扰时具有优异的性能。
提出了一种简单、易于实现的恒定束宽波束形成器设计方法，该方法对阵形和阵元指向性没有任何限制；分别提出了基于阵列接收数据重采样、基于DFT插值和自适应综合的三种具有频率不变波束图的宽带波束形成器设计方法，对于每一种设计方法都给出了一个设计实例并做了性能分析；提出一种基于DFT插值的简化线性约束最小方差宽带自适应阵列算法，该方法可以大大降低自适应阵列的运算量。
提出了利用信号相位匹配法的宽带信号方位估计方法并从仿真和实验两方面对其进行了验证；提出了基于DFT插值的和基于频率不变响应波束域的两种宽带信号高分辨方位估计算法，这两种方法在进行方位估计时均不需要进行方位预估，从而避免了因角度预估可能带来的估计偏差；最后提出了一种提高均匀线列阵方位估计性能的时空平均法，该方法可适用于多数窄带或宽带的特征结构类高分辨方位估计算法中。
Broadband array signal processing is a main direction of underwater acoustic signal processing, but the broadband signal processing is more complex than that of narrowband. This dissertation is devoted to the study of several aspects of the broadband signal processing, concerning broadband coherent interference suppression, design of broadband array and DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation of broadband source.
The signal-phase-matching principle of three and multi sensors are proposed in this dissertation. By using these principles, the formulae of estimated spatial signal are derived. The physical meaning and the geometric interpretation of these principles are given. The performances of estimated signal are analyzed when the phase of expected signal and the amplitude of noise are fluctuant.
The method of broadband coherent interference suppression is presented by using the signal-phase-matching principle. The formulae of estimated signal form coherent interference are derived. The sensor space that must be satisfied is derived. The performances of coherent interference suppression are analyzed in detail. The theoretical analyses and results of computer simulation show that the method has good performances in suppressing broadband coherent interference, while the DOA is unknown.
A sample numerical design method for constant beamwidth beamformer is given. This method is easy to implement and has no restriction on array geometry and sensor patterns; Three methods for the design of broadband frequency invariant beamformer are proposed, which are the method of resampling signals received by the array, the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) interpolation method and adaptive synthesis method, respectively. Examples and performance analyses are given for each method; A simplified linear constrained minimum variance broadband adaptive algorithm that based on DFT interpolation method is presented. Compared with conventional broadband adaptive algorithms, the presented method can reduce computation work greatly.
Broadband source location method is investigated by using signal-phase-matching principle, and simulations and experiments are carried out to show the validity of the method; Two high resolution algorithms of broadband signals are proposed, which are the DFT interpolation algorithm and the frequency invariant beam space algorithm. The proposed algorithms have no requirement for prior information of source locations, so the results of DOA estimation can be unbiased; A method of temporal-spatial averaging, which can improve the performance of DOA estimation for uniform linear arrays, is given. This method can be applied in the most narrowband or broadband eigen-structure based high resolution algorithms.
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