透天凉针刺手法古今文献探究
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摘要
研究目的:本研究通过对古今关于透天凉针法文献的汇总与整理分析,系统的研究透天凉针刺手法的起源、操作方法及其临床应用效果,从而能更好地为针灸临床服务。
研究方法及内容:分别对《内经》及其以后历代医家和当代有关透天凉针刺手法的著作以及中国知网、维普数据库文献,应用中医基础理论及文献学方法,结合现代统计学技术,具体分析其起源、操作方法异同、选穴规律及临床应用。
研究结果:1.本手法在操作的分层上存在着分三层、两层与不分层次的三种不同观点,前两者主要见于古代文献中,后者则被现代医家所推崇。2.对于操作中是否结合六阴之数存在分歧。现代医家大多认为不必拘泥于六阴之数,而关键在于根据手法的刺激量以及患者体质病情而定。3.手法操作中配合单式手法的种类不同,特别是对于是否配合呼吸补泻存在分歧。4.手法操作中与各种辅助手法的配合各家也不尽不同,有的医家喜欢配合切法,而其他医家喜欢配合搓法,甚至刮针柄法。5.从临床文献整理统计来看该手法选穴多以针感易得且肌肉较丰满处的穴位为主,尤其是以阳明经穴为主,其中使用频率排在前五名的穴位依次是:曲池、足三里、合谷、大椎、肩髃。
研究结论:透天凉针刺手法理论依据导源于《内经》,在结合各种单式补泻手法的基础上,由《金针赋》正式将其发展为一种复式手法,而后经历代医家的继承与发挥,普遍认可其操作方法为:针刺分三层(才),从地部逐渐退至天部,在每层施以六阴之数,重提轻插,一进三退,同时配合徐疾、呼吸、开阖补泻等单式手法。使患者感觉针下产生凉感甚至凉感循经传至病所为起效标准。选穴多以针感易得且肌肉较丰满处的穴位为主。该手法能起到清热泻火之功效,临床适用于治疗实热病证。
Objective:By researching the ancient and modern literature summary and analysis,i systematic finishing the origin of the heavenly cool-inducing technique,its operation methods and clinical application effect,which can better for clinical services.
Method and content:TCM basic theory and philological method combined with statistical method are used to analyze the traditional since The Yellow emperor and contemporary works,inddex.htm and VIP database literature for the heavenly cool-inducing technique,The research concrete analyzed its origins,the similarities and differences of operation technique,the rule of point selection and treatment.
Results:1.This technique exists three different views in layered aspects,respectively is three layers,two layers and stratification,the former two mainly in ancient documents,while the latter is modern physicians highly.2.Whether cooperate with six Yin number existed differences,most modern physicians believe do not get bogged down in it,the key lies in the stimulus quantity and the gimmick illness and constitution set of the patient.3.Manipulation of characteristic menu type gimmick in different kinds of cooperation,especially for whether cooperate breath fill catapults.4.Cooperate with the different kinds of auxiliary tactics,some physicians like cutting method,while others like differ with rub method,even like scraping needle handle method.5.Judging from clinical documents statistics,this technique by needle holes are chosen at fuller suffer and muscle mainly the meridians,especially with the yang brighrness,use frequency is the first five points in turn:point quchi,point zusanli,point hegu,point dazhui,point jianyu.
Conclusion:the heavenly cool-inducing technique originated from Canon of internal medicine,in the basis of combining with single acupuncture method,the Poem of Golden Needle made it official development as a clinical complex acupuncture manipulation. Thereafter,medical practitioners inherited and developed it.Authorization of heavenly cool-inducing technique is that the needling manipulations are accomplished in three layers,named heaven,earth and human being.From heaven retreat to human being in the operation process.The operation of each layer with six yin number,the manipulation is required as lifting needle forceful and thrusting needle slowly combined with slow-rapid,respiration,opening and closing the puncture hole reinforcing-reducing method. The effect-acting standard is to produce cool feeling under the needle,and even following the meridians conduction to the sick place.Point selection more considering the easiness of needling sensation and muscle plump position.This manipulation has the effect of clearing away heat and reducing fire,which is used for treatment of excessive-heat syndrome.
研究方法及内容:分别对《内经》及其以后历代医家和当代有关透天凉针刺手法的著作以及中国知网、维普数据库文献,应用中医基础理论及文献学方法,结合现代统计学技术,具体分析其起源、操作方法异同、选穴规律及临床应用。
研究结果:1.本手法在操作的分层上存在着分三层、两层与不分层次的三种不同观点,前两者主要见于古代文献中,后者则被现代医家所推崇。2.对于操作中是否结合六阴之数存在分歧。现代医家大多认为不必拘泥于六阴之数,而关键在于根据手法的刺激量以及患者体质病情而定。3.手法操作中配合单式手法的种类不同,特别是对于是否配合呼吸补泻存在分歧。4.手法操作中与各种辅助手法的配合各家也不尽不同,有的医家喜欢配合切法,而其他医家喜欢配合搓法,甚至刮针柄法。5.从临床文献整理统计来看该手法选穴多以针感易得且肌肉较丰满处的穴位为主,尤其是以阳明经穴为主,其中使用频率排在前五名的穴位依次是:曲池、足三里、合谷、大椎、肩髃。
研究结论:透天凉针刺手法理论依据导源于《内经》,在结合各种单式补泻手法的基础上,由《金针赋》正式将其发展为一种复式手法,而后经历代医家的继承与发挥,普遍认可其操作方法为:针刺分三层(才),从地部逐渐退至天部,在每层施以六阴之数,重提轻插,一进三退,同时配合徐疾、呼吸、开阖补泻等单式手法。使患者感觉针下产生凉感甚至凉感循经传至病所为起效标准。选穴多以针感易得且肌肉较丰满处的穴位为主。该手法能起到清热泻火之功效,临床适用于治疗实热病证。
Objective:By researching the ancient and modern literature summary and analysis,i systematic finishing the origin of the heavenly cool-inducing technique,its operation methods and clinical application effect,which can better for clinical services.
Method and content:TCM basic theory and philological method combined with statistical method are used to analyze the traditional since The Yellow emperor and contemporary works,inddex.htm and VIP database literature for the heavenly cool-inducing technique,The research concrete analyzed its origins,the similarities and differences of operation technique,the rule of point selection and treatment.
Results:1.This technique exists three different views in layered aspects,respectively is three layers,two layers and stratification,the former two mainly in ancient documents,while the latter is modern physicians highly.2.Whether cooperate with six Yin number existed differences,most modern physicians believe do not get bogged down in it,the key lies in the stimulus quantity and the gimmick illness and constitution set of the patient.3.Manipulation of characteristic menu type gimmick in different kinds of cooperation,especially for whether cooperate breath fill catapults.4.Cooperate with the different kinds of auxiliary tactics,some physicians like cutting method,while others like differ with rub method,even like scraping needle handle method.5.Judging from clinical documents statistics,this technique by needle holes are chosen at fuller suffer and muscle mainly the meridians,especially with the yang brighrness,use frequency is the first five points in turn:point quchi,point zusanli,point hegu,point dazhui,point jianyu.
Conclusion:the heavenly cool-inducing technique originated from Canon of internal medicine,in the basis of combining with single acupuncture method,the Poem of Golden Needle made it official development as a clinical complex acupuncture manipulation. Thereafter,medical practitioners inherited and developed it.Authorization of heavenly cool-inducing technique is that the needling manipulations are accomplished in three layers,named heaven,earth and human being.From heaven retreat to human being in the operation process.The operation of each layer with six yin number,the manipulation is required as lifting needle forceful and thrusting needle slowly combined with slow-rapid,respiration,opening and closing the puncture hole reinforcing-reducing method. The effect-acting standard is to produce cool feeling under the needle,and even following the meridians conduction to the sick place.Point selection more considering the easiness of needling sensation and muscle plump position.This manipulation has the effect of clearing away heat and reducing fire,which is used for treatment of excessive-heat syndrome.
引文
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[8]陆瘦燕.“烧山火”与“透天凉”手法的探讨[J].中医杂志,1963;(9):9-12.
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[10]汪机.针灸问对[M].上海:第二军医大学出版社,2005,1:113-114.
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[12]李梃.中华医书集成·综合类五[M].北京:中医古籍出版社,1999,1:151.
[13]梁书忠.提高“烧山火”、“透天凉”针法成功率的体会[J].湖北中医杂志,1999;21(7):291-292.
[14]楼百层.试论烧山火与透天凉的针刺手法[J].中医杂志,1962;(12):23.
[15]郭信.“烧山火”和“透天凉”针灸手法之我见[J].山西中医,1994;10(2):37-38.
[16]杜敏.烧山火针法的应用探究[D].济南:山东中医药大学,2009:27.
[17]刘冬梅,刘伟.烧山火透天凉手法应用心得[J].辽宁中医杂志,1997;24(12):564.
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