刚性路面和柔性路面的材料性能反演
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摘要
本文以现代化的路面弯沉检测设备落锤式弯沉仪(FWD)为基础，并结合非线性最小二乘的优化原理，对柔性路面和刚性路面的材料性能进行了反演分析，主要成果如下：
1．以最小二乘的优化原理为基础，开发了最优化分析软件，并结合奇异值分解的基本原理，解决了优化过程中方程组的病态问题，增加了算法的收敛性和稳定性。
2．以最小二乘的优化原理为基础，开发了柔性路面材料性能反分析软件，通过大量的理论和和实际算例验，结果表明，此软件稳定性、收敛性较好，可用于实际柔性路面的性能评价。
3．编制了Winkler地基上多块板的计算程序，并结合最小二乘的优化原理，开发了刚性路面材料性能反分析软件。大量计算结果表明，此软件稳定性、收敛性较好，可用于实际刚性路面的性能评价。
4．将基于最小二乘的优化反演方法应用到实际公路工程中，对柔性路面和刚性路面定性评价。
In this paper, pavement properties backanalysis about flexible and rigid pavement is made, which is based on the modern equipment Falling Weight Deflectometer(FWD) and the nonlinear least square optimization technique. The main results are as follows:
1. Based on the nonlinear least square optimization theory, an optimization software is developed. Furthermore, the singular value decomposition method is adopted in the software to offer better performance on stability and convergence.
2. A software for the flexible pavement layer properties backanalysis is developed on the base of the nonlinear least square optimization theory. The theoretical results and test results show that the software is in better performance on stability and convergence, and so it can be applied to the evaluation of the actual flexible pavement.
3. Based on the program applied for multiple slabs on Winkler foundation and the nonlinear least square optimization theory, a software for the rigid pavement layer properties backanalysis is developed. The theoretical results and test results show that the software is in better performatnce on stability and convergence, and so it can be applied to the evaluation of the actual rigid pavement.
4. The backanalysis method has been applied to actual roads. FWD deflection testing and modulus backanalysis are conducted on layer of one selected pavement.
1．以最小二乘的优化原理为基础，开发了最优化分析软件，并结合奇异值分解的基本原理，解决了优化过程中方程组的病态问题，增加了算法的收敛性和稳定性。
2．以最小二乘的优化原理为基础，开发了柔性路面材料性能反分析软件，通过大量的理论和和实际算例验，结果表明，此软件稳定性、收敛性较好，可用于实际柔性路面的性能评价。
3．编制了Winkler地基上多块板的计算程序，并结合最小二乘的优化原理，开发了刚性路面材料性能反分析软件。大量计算结果表明，此软件稳定性、收敛性较好，可用于实际刚性路面的性能评价。
4．将基于最小二乘的优化反演方法应用到实际公路工程中，对柔性路面和刚性路面定性评价。
In this paper, pavement properties backanalysis about flexible and rigid pavement is made, which is based on the modern equipment Falling Weight Deflectometer(FWD) and the nonlinear least square optimization technique. The main results are as follows:
1. Based on the nonlinear least square optimization theory, an optimization software is developed. Furthermore, the singular value decomposition method is adopted in the software to offer better performance on stability and convergence.
2. A software for the flexible pavement layer properties backanalysis is developed on the base of the nonlinear least square optimization theory. The theoretical results and test results show that the software is in better performance on stability and convergence, and so it can be applied to the evaluation of the actual flexible pavement.
3. Based on the program applied for multiple slabs on Winkler foundation and the nonlinear least square optimization theory, a software for the rigid pavement layer properties backanalysis is developed. The theoretical results and test results show that the software is in better performatnce on stability and convergence, and so it can be applied to the evaluation of the actual rigid pavement.
4. The backanalysis method has been applied to actual roads. FWD deflection testing and modulus backanalysis are conducted on layer of one selected pavement.
引文
[1] 王复明，刘文廷．“八五”国家重点科技攻关项目高等级公路无损检测与CAE技术研究报告，路面结构反分析理论与方法研究．郑州工业大学，1996．
[2] 倪富健，邓学钧．柔性路面模量反算方法研究．中国公路学报，1994，7(1)．
[3] 唐伯明．路面结构状况的评价与分析：[博士学位论文]．东南大学，1990．
[4] 刘文廷，王复明．“八五”国家重点科技攻关项目高等级公路无损检测与CAE技术研究报告，柔性路面结构反分析及软件设计．郑州工业大学，1996．
[5] 郑州工业大学．落锤式弯沉仪(FWD)检测技术与模量反算方法研究，交通部项目《路面基层、底基层材料和土基动态模量的研究》分报告二，1999．
[6] 王复明，刘文廷．高等级公路无损检测与评价—工程力学反问题研究．杨卫，郑泉水，靳征谟主编．走向21世纪的中国力学．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．230-238．
[7] 姚祖康．路面．人民交通出版社，1992年9月．
[8] 王秉纲，邓学钧．路面力学数值计算．人民交通出版社，1992年6月．
[9] 朱照宏，王秉刚，郭大智，路面力学计算，人民交通出版社，1985．
[10] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．清华大学出版社，1997年3月．
[11] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．中国水利水电出版社，1998年10月．
[12] 孙俊等．岩土力学反演问题的随机理论与方法．汕头大学出版社，1996年．
[13] 同济大学公路工程研究所，路面厚度计算图表，人民交通出版社，1985．1．
[14] 胡海昌，横观各项同性体的半无限体的若干问题，物理学报，10，1954，239．
[15] 傅作新，弹性基础板的变分解法，华东水利水学院学报，1979．
[16] 陈树坚，彭育池，多种地基假定下弹性基础板的样条有限元计算，中山大学学报．
[17] 邓学钧，陈荣生，刚性路面设计，人民交通出版社，1993．
[18] 姚炳卿，考虑接缝传荷能力的机场刚性道面板的有限元分析方法，土木工程学报，1993，(6)：22-31．
[19] 曾凡奇，层状地基与多块板相互作用分析(硕士学位论文)，郑州工业大学，1998
[20] A. E. H. Love, The stress Produced in a Semi-infinite Solid by Pressure on Part of the Boundary, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, V.228, p.377, June, 1929.
[21] A. H. A. Hogg, Equilibrium of a Thin Plate Symmetrically Loded, Resting on an Elastic Subgrade of Infinite Depth, Phil. Mag., Ser.7, Vol.25, March, 1938.
[22] Asphalt Pavement Overlay Design Guide, International Society for Asphalt Pavement, 1989.
[23] D. M. Burmister, The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil System, Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ, J. Appl. Phys., Vol.16, No.2, pp.89-96; No.3, pp.126-127; No.5, pp.296-302, 1945.
[24] J. Boussinesq, Application des Potential, Paris, 1885.
[25] H. M. S. Westergaard, Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis, Proc. HRB, Part 1, 1925.
[26] Huang Y. H. and Wang S. T., Finite element analysis of concrete slabs and its implications for rigid pavement design, Highway Research Record,(466):55-69.
[27] Magnuson, Allen H(1988), "Computer Analysis of Falling-Weight Deflectormeter Data ,Part Ⅰ: Vertical Displacement Computations on the Surface of a Uniform Halfspace Due to an Oscillating Distribution", Report No.FHWA/TX-88/1215-1F, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M System, College Station, Texas 77843-3135, November.
[28] Mang Tia, John M. Lybas and Byron E.Ruth, Suitability of using the Falling Weight Deflectometer in determining deteriorated areas in jointed rigid pavement non-destructive pavement evaluation and overlay design, Transportation Research Record,(1007):58-64
[29] Rohde,G.T., and Scullion,T. MODULUS 4.0: Expansion and Validation of the MODULUS Backcalculation System. Research Report No.1123-3, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, November 1990.
[30] Uzan,J., Scullion,T., et al. A Microcomputer Based Procedure For Backcalculating Layer Moduli From FWD Data. Research Report 1123-1, Texas Transportation Institute, 1988.
[31] Wang Fuming and Lytton,R.L.System Identification Method for Backcalculating Pavement Layer Properties. TRR, 1993(1384): 1-7.
[32] Lytton, R. L., Roberts, F. L., and Stoffels S., Determination of Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Structural Properties by NDT, NCHRP Report 10-27 1986
[33] R.L.Lytton, "Materials Property Relationship for Modeling the Behavior of Asphalt--aggregate Mixture in Pavements", 1990.
[34] Van Cauwelaert, F. J., et al., Computer Program for the Determination of Stress and Displacement in Four-Layered System, WES, Research Contact Data 45-86-M-0483, U.S., Army WES Vicksburg, Mar.1986.
[2] 倪富健，邓学钧．柔性路面模量反算方法研究．中国公路学报，1994，7(1)．
[3] 唐伯明．路面结构状况的评价与分析：[博士学位论文]．东南大学，1990．
[4] 刘文廷，王复明．“八五”国家重点科技攻关项目高等级公路无损检测与CAE技术研究报告，柔性路面结构反分析及软件设计．郑州工业大学，1996．
[5] 郑州工业大学．落锤式弯沉仪(FWD)检测技术与模量反算方法研究，交通部项目《路面基层、底基层材料和土基动态模量的研究》分报告二，1999．
[6] 王复明，刘文廷．高等级公路无损检测与评价—工程力学反问题研究．杨卫，郑泉水，靳征谟主编．走向21世纪的中国力学．北京：清华大学出版社，1996．230-238．
[7] 姚祖康．路面．人民交通出版社，1992年9月．
[8] 王秉纲，邓学钧．路面力学数值计算．人民交通出版社，1992年6月．
[9] 朱照宏，王秉刚，郭大智，路面力学计算，人民交通出版社，1985．
[10] 王勖成，邵敏．有限单元法基本原理和数值方法．清华大学出版社，1997年3月．
[11] 朱伯芳．有限单元法原理与应用．中国水利水电出版社，1998年10月．
[12] 孙俊等．岩土力学反演问题的随机理论与方法．汕头大学出版社，1996年．
[13] 同济大学公路工程研究所，路面厚度计算图表，人民交通出版社，1985．1．
[14] 胡海昌，横观各项同性体的半无限体的若干问题，物理学报，10，1954，239．
[15] 傅作新，弹性基础板的变分解法，华东水利水学院学报，1979．
[16] 陈树坚，彭育池，多种地基假定下弹性基础板的样条有限元计算，中山大学学报．
[17] 邓学钧，陈荣生，刚性路面设计，人民交通出版社，1993．
[18] 姚炳卿，考虑接缝传荷能力的机场刚性道面板的有限元分析方法，土木工程学报，1993，(6)：22-31．
[19] 曾凡奇，层状地基与多块板相互作用分析(硕士学位论文)，郑州工业大学，1998
[20] A. E. H. Love, The stress Produced in a Semi-infinite Solid by Pressure on Part of the Boundary, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, V.228, p.377, June, 1929.
[21] A. H. A. Hogg, Equilibrium of a Thin Plate Symmetrically Loded, Resting on an Elastic Subgrade of Infinite Depth, Phil. Mag., Ser.7, Vol.25, March, 1938.
[22] Asphalt Pavement Overlay Design Guide, International Society for Asphalt Pavement, 1989.
[23] D. M. Burmister, The General Theory of Stresses and Displacements in Layered Soil System, Ⅰ, Ⅱ,Ⅲ, J. Appl. Phys., Vol.16, No.2, pp.89-96; No.3, pp.126-127; No.5, pp.296-302, 1945.
[24] J. Boussinesq, Application des Potential, Paris, 1885.
[25] H. M. S. Westergaard, Stresses in Concrete Pavements Computed by Theoretical Analysis, Proc. HRB, Part 1, 1925.
[26] Huang Y. H. and Wang S. T., Finite element analysis of concrete slabs and its implications for rigid pavement design, Highway Research Record,(466):55-69.
[27] Magnuson, Allen H(1988), "Computer Analysis of Falling-Weight Deflectormeter Data ,Part Ⅰ: Vertical Displacement Computations on the Surface of a Uniform Halfspace Due to an Oscillating Distribution", Report No.FHWA/TX-88/1215-1F, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M System, College Station, Texas 77843-3135, November.
[28] Mang Tia, John M. Lybas and Byron E.Ruth, Suitability of using the Falling Weight Deflectometer in determining deteriorated areas in jointed rigid pavement non-destructive pavement evaluation and overlay design, Transportation Research Record,(1007):58-64
[29] Rohde,G.T., and Scullion,T. MODULUS 4.0: Expansion and Validation of the MODULUS Backcalculation System. Research Report No.1123-3, Texas Transportation Institute, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, November 1990.
[30] Uzan,J., Scullion,T., et al. A Microcomputer Based Procedure For Backcalculating Layer Moduli From FWD Data. Research Report 1123-1, Texas Transportation Institute, 1988.
[31] Wang Fuming and Lytton,R.L.System Identification Method for Backcalculating Pavement Layer Properties. TRR, 1993(1384): 1-7.
[32] Lytton, R. L., Roberts, F. L., and Stoffels S., Determination of Asphaltic Concrete Pavement Structural Properties by NDT, NCHRP Report 10-27 1986
[33] R.L.Lytton, "Materials Property Relationship for Modeling the Behavior of Asphalt--aggregate Mixture in Pavements", 1990.
[34] Van Cauwelaert, F. J., et al., Computer Program for the Determination of Stress and Displacement in Four-Layered System, WES, Research Contact Data 45-86-M-0483, U.S., Army WES Vicksburg, Mar.1986.