支持银税类控制设备智能化升级的硬件设计
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摘要
目前国内银税类嵌入式设备主要是围绕ARM7开发的，在处理速度及功能上已不能适应日益增长的需求。
本文完成了一个基于ARM9的银税类嵌入式系统硬件设计，为银税类控制设备的智能化升级提供了支持。所采用的微处理器是ARM9系列的EP9312，设计了一款集成度高，主板面积小，外围接口多，成本低，运行速度快的嵌入式系统平台。本文的主要工作内容有：
介绍了嵌入式产品的开发及生命周期，详细地描述了本研究的调研过程和结果，综合了相关的要求。描述了ARM系列嵌入式处理器的概况并介绍了几种常用的嵌入式操作系统。对EP9312的结构作了详细的介绍，提出了系统的设计原则。
把EP9312与其它嵌入式处理器进行了比较，论述了采用EP9312来构造银行税务类嵌入式系统的理由。根据EP9312的特点和系统需求，提出了一种基于EP9312处理器的嵌入式系统的硬件设计方案。介绍了系统的技术指标及其所使用的Super I／O、PHY，接口电平转换芯片、FLASH、SDRAM、bootloader等各组成部分，在显示模块和串口模块上提出了独创设计。论述了提高系统稳定性的一些原则。完成了整个系统的硬件设计。
介绍了高速PCB设计原理，以及在PCB设计中的布局及布线原则，论述了布线过程中应当注意的传输线效应以及避免传输线效应的方法。最后给出了本文最终形成的产品，以及在设计过程中所取得的一些成果。并对嵌入式系统的产品作出了展望。
目前，基于本硬件系统的银行终端已成功定型。
The Bank and Tax embedded systems are mainly made by ARM7. They are no suit to the increasing requirement of the market.
This paper completes the hardware design of the Bank and Tax embedded system based on ARM9. It supports the intelligent upgrade of Bank and Tax control equipment. The hardware design is base on EP9312 of ARM9 series CPU product. The embedded system platform's integrity is good, the motherboard area is small, the periphery connections are many, the cost is low, and the running rate is quick. This paper mainly completed the following work:
Introduced the embedded product's development and the life cycle. Described the investigation and research of the embedded system and colligated the requirement. Described the embedded processor of ARM series, and introduced several embedded operating systems which are in commonly use. It also made the detailed introduction to the EP9312 structure, and described the principle of design.
This paper compares EP9312 with other processors. The reason to choose the EP9312 was also given. Described the technical specification of the system, the Super I/O, PHY, electric level conversion, FLASH, SDRAM, bootloader etc. Described the new design of the display module and the serial port module. Some principles to enhance the system stability were also given. Completed the whole hardware design of the system.
This paper introduced the principle of the high speed PCB design, the principle of layout and the wiring of the PCB design. The paper also introduced the transmission line effect problem in the wiring process which must pay attention, and give the method to avoid it. Finally, it has given the finally forms product of this paper, and some achievements which obtains in the design process. It has made the forecast to the embedded system product.
Now, the Bank Embedded terminal based on this paper' hardware system was already on the market.
本文完成了一个基于ARM9的银税类嵌入式系统硬件设计，为银税类控制设备的智能化升级提供了支持。所采用的微处理器是ARM9系列的EP9312，设计了一款集成度高，主板面积小，外围接口多，成本低，运行速度快的嵌入式系统平台。本文的主要工作内容有：
介绍了嵌入式产品的开发及生命周期，详细地描述了本研究的调研过程和结果，综合了相关的要求。描述了ARM系列嵌入式处理器的概况并介绍了几种常用的嵌入式操作系统。对EP9312的结构作了详细的介绍，提出了系统的设计原则。
把EP9312与其它嵌入式处理器进行了比较，论述了采用EP9312来构造银行税务类嵌入式系统的理由。根据EP9312的特点和系统需求，提出了一种基于EP9312处理器的嵌入式系统的硬件设计方案。介绍了系统的技术指标及其所使用的Super I／O、PHY，接口电平转换芯片、FLASH、SDRAM、bootloader等各组成部分，在显示模块和串口模块上提出了独创设计。论述了提高系统稳定性的一些原则。完成了整个系统的硬件设计。
介绍了高速PCB设计原理，以及在PCB设计中的布局及布线原则，论述了布线过程中应当注意的传输线效应以及避免传输线效应的方法。最后给出了本文最终形成的产品，以及在设计过程中所取得的一些成果。并对嵌入式系统的产品作出了展望。
目前，基于本硬件系统的银行终端已成功定型。
The Bank and Tax embedded systems are mainly made by ARM7. They are no suit to the increasing requirement of the market.
This paper completes the hardware design of the Bank and Tax embedded system based on ARM9. It supports the intelligent upgrade of Bank and Tax control equipment. The hardware design is base on EP9312 of ARM9 series CPU product. The embedded system platform's integrity is good, the motherboard area is small, the periphery connections are many, the cost is low, and the running rate is quick. This paper mainly completed the following work:
Introduced the embedded product's development and the life cycle. Described the investigation and research of the embedded system and colligated the requirement. Described the embedded processor of ARM series, and introduced several embedded operating systems which are in commonly use. It also made the detailed introduction to the EP9312 structure, and described the principle of design.
This paper compares EP9312 with other processors. The reason to choose the EP9312 was also given. Described the technical specification of the system, the Super I/O, PHY, electric level conversion, FLASH, SDRAM, bootloader etc. Described the new design of the display module and the serial port module. Some principles to enhance the system stability were also given. Completed the whole hardware design of the system.
This paper introduced the principle of the high speed PCB design, the principle of layout and the wiring of the PCB design. The paper also introduced the transmission line effect problem in the wiring process which must pay attention, and give the method to avoid it. Finally, it has given the finally forms product of this paper, and some achievements which obtains in the design process. It has made the forecast to the embedded system product.
Now, the Bank Embedded terminal based on this paper' hardware system was already on the market.
引文
[1] 慕春棣．嵌入式系统的构建．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[2] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与系统开发．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[3] 周立功．ARM嵌入式系统基础教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005
[4] ARM Limited．ARM920T技术参考．ARM Limited，2004
[5] 陈章龙、涂时亮．嵌入式系统——Intel StrongARM结构与开发．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[6] 沈文斌．嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解．北京：电子工业出版社，2005
[7] Wayne Wolf等．嵌入式计算系统设计原理．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[8] 马忠梅，马广云，徐英慧等．ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[9] Kai Hwang．高级计算机体系结构．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[10] 探矽工作室．嵌入式系统开发圣经．北京：中国青年出版社，2000
[11] 唐大勇、章国宝、叶桦．基于嵌入式Linux系统的WLAN／CAN网桥的设计与实现．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2003 33(z)：93-97
[12] EP9312 Datasheet Cirrus Logic Dec
[13] EP9312 User-guide Cirrus Logic Dec.
[14] 姜智勇．32位嵌入式RISC微计算机．微电子学与计算机，1997 23(1)：25-30
[15] 罗宇，吴庆波，罗军．一种嵌入式操作系统设计．计算机工程与应用，1999 21(3)：30-33
[16] Estrin D. Connecting the physical world with pervasive networks [J] IEEE Pervasive Computing. 2002 1(1):56-69
[17] Bate I, et al. real-time embedded system [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 2002 13(4):154-156
[18] SIEMENS Corp. Description. MC35 SIEMENS Cellular Engine Hardware Interface 2002
[19] David Seal. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Second Edition. Pearson Education Limited (Addsion -Wesley), 2001
[20] ARM Limited. ARM7TDMI (Rev4) Technical Reference Manual. ARM DDI 0210A. 2001
[21] ARM Limited. ARM720T (Rev3) Technical Reference Manual. ARMDDI 0192A. 2000
[22] Cadence Design System. Inc. Allegro PCB Layout System Lab Manual(V13. 6)
[23] Cadence Design System, Inc. High-Speed Design Using SPECCTRA Quest Training Manual (V13. 6)
[24] Terrence Fong, Sebstien Grange, Charles Thorpe and Charles Baur. Multi-robot remote driving with collaborative control. IEEE International Plorkshop on Robot-Human Interactive Communication. September 2001. Bordeaux and Paris. France
[25] SIEMENS Corp. MC35 SIEMENS Cellular Engine Update Firmware via Serial and SIM Interface. 2002
[26] 祖晖．基于ARM的嵌入式教学系统的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文]．江苏：东南大学控制理论与控制工程专业2006年硕士论文，2006
[27] 王云飞．uClinux+Coldfire．doc．来源Internet王云飞个人网站
[28] 王学龙编著．嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[29] 邹似轶主编．嵌入式Linux设计与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2005
[30] 丁弋宇．基于嵌入式以太网的LED显示屏控制系统应用研究：[硕士学位论文]．江苏：东南大学电路与系统专业2006年硕士论文，2006
[31] 陈利君、冯锐、牛欣源译，Daniel P．Bovet & Marco Cesati著．深入理解Linux内核．北京：中国电力出版社，2002
[32] 周志．基于嵌入式网络技术的网络化自动抄表系统的研究：[博士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学物理电子系2005年博士论文，2005
[33] 毛德操、胡希明编．Linux内核源代码情景分析．浙江：浙江大学出版社，2000
[34] 冉嘉．嵌入式Linux及VPN的开发研究：[硕士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学信电系2002年硕士论文，2002
[35] Helen Custer, Inside Windows NT, Microsoft Prees, 1993
[36] Uresh Vahalia, UNIX Internals, Prentice Hall, 1996
[37] William Stalling: Operating System(third edition), M Prentice-Hall, 1998
[38] Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Operating System(Second edition), M Prentice-Hall, 1997
[39] VxWorks Programmer's Guide 5. 3. 1, Wind River System, lnc. , 1998
[40] Williams T, Designers looking for the road to distributed real-time systems[J] , Computer Design, 1996, (9):111-124.
[41] M. Spuri and G. Buttaizo, Scheduling Aperiodic Tasks in Dynamic Priority Systems, Real-lime Systems, Vol10, 1998
[42] 李广胜，霍芝，张其善．基于嵌入式Linux硬件防火墙的设计与实现．微电子学与计算机．2006，23(12)：19～25
[43] 李广胜，张其善．基于Linux的防火墙系统外围接口设计．微电子学与计算机．2005，22(5)：23～26
[44] 周亦敏，魏洪兴．嵌入式RISC处理器体系结构并行技术的研究．计算机科学．2007，34(1)：262～264
[45] 杨黎斌，慕德俊，蔡晓妍等．基于硬件加密的嵌入式VPN网关实现．计算机工程与应用．2007，43(4)：122～124
[2] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与系统开发．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[3] 周立功．ARM嵌入式系统基础教程．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005
[4] ARM Limited．ARM920T技术参考．ARM Limited，2004
[5] 陈章龙、涂时亮．嵌入式系统——Intel StrongARM结构与开发．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[6] 沈文斌．嵌入式硬件系统设计与开发实例详解．北京：电子工业出版社，2005
[7] Wayne Wolf等．嵌入式计算系统设计原理．北京：机械工业出版社，2002
[8] 马忠梅，马广云，徐英慧等．ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
[9] Kai Hwang．高级计算机体系结构．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[10] 探矽工作室．嵌入式系统开发圣经．北京：中国青年出版社，2000
[11] 唐大勇、章国宝、叶桦．基于嵌入式Linux系统的WLAN／CAN网桥的设计与实现．东南大学学报(自然科学版)，2003 33(z)：93-97
[12] EP9312 Datasheet Cirrus Logic Dec
[13] EP9312 User-guide Cirrus Logic Dec.
[14] 姜智勇．32位嵌入式RISC微计算机．微电子学与计算机，1997 23(1)：25-30
[15] 罗宇，吴庆波，罗军．一种嵌入式操作系统设计．计算机工程与应用，1999 21(3)：30-33
[16] Estrin D. Connecting the physical world with pervasive networks [J] IEEE Pervasive Computing. 2002 1(1):56-69
[17] Bate I, et al. real-time embedded system [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 2002 13(4):154-156
[18] SIEMENS Corp. Description. MC35 SIEMENS Cellular Engine Hardware Interface 2002
[19] David Seal. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Second Edition. Pearson Education Limited (Addsion -Wesley), 2001
[20] ARM Limited. ARM7TDMI (Rev4) Technical Reference Manual. ARM DDI 0210A. 2001
[21] ARM Limited. ARM720T (Rev3) Technical Reference Manual. ARMDDI 0192A. 2000
[22] Cadence Design System. Inc. Allegro PCB Layout System Lab Manual(V13. 6)
[23] Cadence Design System, Inc. High-Speed Design Using SPECCTRA Quest Training Manual (V13. 6)
[24] Terrence Fong, Sebstien Grange, Charles Thorpe and Charles Baur. Multi-robot remote driving with collaborative control. IEEE International Plorkshop on Robot-Human Interactive Communication. September 2001. Bordeaux and Paris. France
[25] SIEMENS Corp. MC35 SIEMENS Cellular Engine Update Firmware via Serial and SIM Interface. 2002
[26] 祖晖．基于ARM的嵌入式教学系统的研究与开发：[硕士学位论文]．江苏：东南大学控制理论与控制工程专业2006年硕士论文，2006
[27] 王云飞．uClinux+Coldfire．doc．来源Internet王云飞个人网站
[28] 王学龙编著．嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[29] 邹似轶主编．嵌入式Linux设计与应用．北京：清华大学出版社，2005
[30] 丁弋宇．基于嵌入式以太网的LED显示屏控制系统应用研究：[硕士学位论文]．江苏：东南大学电路与系统专业2006年硕士论文，2006
[31] 陈利君、冯锐、牛欣源译，Daniel P．Bovet & Marco Cesati著．深入理解Linux内核．北京：中国电力出版社，2002
[32] 周志．基于嵌入式网络技术的网络化自动抄表系统的研究：[博士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学物理电子系2005年博士论文，2005
[33] 毛德操、胡希明编．Linux内核源代码情景分析．浙江：浙江大学出版社，2000
[34] 冉嘉．嵌入式Linux及VPN的开发研究：[硕士学位论文]．浙江：浙江大学信电系2002年硕士论文，2002
[35] Helen Custer, Inside Windows NT, Microsoft Prees, 1993
[36] Uresh Vahalia, UNIX Internals, Prentice Hall, 1996
[37] William Stalling: Operating System(third edition), M Prentice-Hall, 1998
[38] Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Operating System(Second edition), M Prentice-Hall, 1997
[39] VxWorks Programmer's Guide 5. 3. 1, Wind River System, lnc. , 1998
[40] Williams T, Designers looking for the road to distributed real-time systems[J] , Computer Design, 1996, (9):111-124.
[41] M. Spuri and G. Buttaizo, Scheduling Aperiodic Tasks in Dynamic Priority Systems, Real-lime Systems, Vol10, 1998
[42] 李广胜，霍芝，张其善．基于嵌入式Linux硬件防火墙的设计与实现．微电子学与计算机．2006，23(12)：19～25
[43] 李广胜，张其善．基于Linux的防火墙系统外围接口设计．微电子学与计算机．2005，22(5)：23～26
[44] 周亦敏，魏洪兴．嵌入式RISC处理器体系结构并行技术的研究．计算机科学．2007，34(1)：262～264
[45] 杨黎斌，慕德俊，蔡晓妍等．基于硬件加密的嵌入式VPN网关实现．计算机工程与应用．2007，43(4)：122～124