可控震源伪随机扫描技术研究
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摘要
地震勘探正在向三维地震勘探和高分辨率地震勘探两个方向发展,高分辨率地震勘探是当前的热点所在。高分辨率地震勘探是一个系统工程,从地震波的激发、检波器阵列的布置、数据采集、数据处理到数据解释都应该遵循高分辨率地震勘探的准则。地震信号的激发是该系统工程的第一个环节,激发信号的质量是影响勘探分辨率的重要因素。可控震源利用可控的小能量、长时间激发波来实现冲击震源瞬时产生的大能量激发波。勘探的分辨率取决于地震子波的分辨率,与之相对应,可控震源地震勘探的分辨率取决于“相关子波”的分辨率,子波形态是决定子波分辨率的重要因素,子波的主瓣突出而旁瓣较小则其分辨率高,反之则分辨率低。由此可见,扫描信号的自相关函数是影响地震勘探分辨率的重要因素,是提高可控震源分辨率的重中之重。本文给出了一种应用在可控震源系统中的非线性扫描方法——伪随机序列扫描。由于地下介质对地震波的吸收衰减是非线性的,而非线性扫描技术可以提高高频成分在地下的传播。伪随机扫描是非线性扫描技术中的一种,其自相关函数具有类似脉冲函数的形状。伪随机序列扫描最优的地方在于,如果处理得当,可以在它的自相关函数中完全消除旁瓣,大大提高了可控震源的子波分辨率。本文通过对包括线性扫描和非线性扫描在内的可控震源扫描信号的分析,着重研究了伪随机m序列扫描,给出了仿真结果,并将这种非线性扫描方法应用于可控震源地震勘探系统中。
Seismic wave in seismic exploration is generated by artificial stimulation. The source which generates the wave is called artificial seismic source. Artificial seismic source can be divided into two kinds: explosive seismic source and non-explosive seismic source. Up to now, the vibroseis is the most successful developed non-explosive seismic source. The vibroseis is different from the other seismic sources, such as bomb, hammer impulsion, and so on. The wave generated by vibroseis can be controlled by one time-variation function expression which we already known. In another word, we take the wave generated by using a little energy but long time sending to replace the wave generated by using a large energy but in an instant. The principle of seismic exploration by using vibroseis is:①Vibroseis sends scanning signal into the underground by using continuous seismic wave.②The seismic wave reflects at the interface of heteroid underground layers or underground object surface.③Reflected wave enters into seismic recorder through detectors.④Seismic recorder receives the reflected wave and transforms it into impulse signal with delayed information through correlation technology.⑤Using the signal to realize the detection of underground objects and complete the imaging of the underground information. The main problem of seismic exploration by using vibroseis is: low seismic power, narrow signal waveband, and low distinguishability.
This theme detailedly analyzes the scanning technology for vibroseis. The scanning type can be divided into two categories: linear sweep and
Seismic wave in seismic exploration is generated by artificial stimulation. The source which generates the wave is called artificial seismic source. Artificial seismic source can be divided into two kinds: explosive seismic source and non-explosive seismic source. Up to now, the vibroseis is the most successful developed non-explosive seismic source. The vibroseis is different from the other seismic sources, such as bomb, hammer impulsion, and so on. The wave generated by vibroseis can be controlled by one time-variation function expression which we already known. In another word, we take the wave generated by using a little energy but long time sending to replace the wave generated by using a large energy but in an instant. The principle of seismic exploration by using vibroseis is:①Vibroseis sends scanning signal into the underground by using continuous seismic wave.②The seismic wave reflects at the interface of heteroid underground layers or underground object surface.③Reflected wave enters into seismic recorder through detectors.④Seismic recorder receives the reflected wave and transforms it into impulse signal with delayed information through correlation technology.⑤Using the signal to realize the detection of underground objects and complete the imaging of the underground information. The main problem of seismic exploration by using vibroseis is: low seismic power, narrow signal waveband, and low distinguishability.
This theme detailedly analyzes the scanning technology for vibroseis. The scanning type can be divided into two categories: linear sweep and
引文
[1] 林君.电磁驱动可控震源地震勘探原理及应用.北京:科学出版社,2004
[2] 肖国镇,粱传甲,王玉民.伪随机序列及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[3] John M.Crawford, William E.N.Doty, and Milford R.Lee. Continuous Signal Seisgraphy. Geophysics, 1960, 25: 95-105.
[4] R.Ghose, Vincent Nijhof, Jan Brouwer, Yoshikazu Matsubara, Yasuhiro Kaida, and Toru Takahashi. Shallow to Very Shallow, High-Resolution Reflection Seismic Using a Portable Vibrator System. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4):1295-1309.
[5] 陶知非.可控震源的现状与问题.石油物探装备,1995,5(1):11-26.
[6] 陈祖斌,林君等,轻便浅层地震可控震源的研制,仪器仪表学报,2003,24(3):311-314.
[7] Chen Zubin, Wang Fufang, Lin Jun and Jiang Zhongjin. Time delay estimation of vibroseis chirp signal in urban noise using higher order statistics. International Conference on Signal Processing Proceeding (ICSP'04, Beijing, China) 2004, 280-283.
[8] Chen Zubin, Lin Jun, Design for Vibrator Field Experiment Based on Vibrator-Earth System , Journal of Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia, 2000,3(1): 107-113.
[9] 施京,陈淑珍,邹炼等.时频方法在分析相控阵探地雷达正演数据中的应用.武汉大学学报(理学版).2003, 49 (5):645-648.
[10] 赵云峰, 陈淑珍,肖伯勋.相控阵探地雷达数据的叠加速度分析.武汉大学学报(理学版).2004, 50(1): 123-126.
[11] 王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探. 北京:地质出版社,1990, 27-40.
[12] 俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1994,1-34.
[13] 张子三,林君,陈祖斌.轻便高频可控震源的设计与实验.仪器技术与传感器,2000,(10):14-17
[14] 张子三,林君,陈祖斌,于生宝,轻便高频可控震源系统的研制,测控技术,2000,19(10),P50-P53
[15] CHEN Zubin , TENG Jiwen , LIN Jun , ZHANG Linhang , JIANG Zhongjin.Nonlinear analysis in the coupling process of electromagnetic vibrator and earth[J].Science in China Ser.D Earth Sciences,2005,48(8):1175-1182
[16] 陆基梦.地震勘探原理[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1993 100-200
[17] 姜弢,林君,陈祖斌,张林行. 相控震源对地震勘探分辨率的影响.中国地球物理,2005,467.
[18] 王华,等. Matlab 在电信工程中的应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[19] 张贤达,保铮. 通信信号处理[M] . 国防工业出版社,2000.
[20] 吴明捷,等. 伪随机码及计算机的产生[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版) ,2002 ,4 :203 - 206.
[21] 李勇,徐震.MATLAB辅助现代工程数学信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,105-126
[22] 王沫然.Simulink4建模及动态仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[23] 苏金名,阮沈勇.MATLAB实用指南(上册).北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[24] 王贵竹.产生伪随机序列的字节溅射法.安徽大学学报2000第4期,64-70
[25] 陈顺林,董庆蓉.m序列在移动通信扰码中的应用及仿真。现代电子技术,2002,第3期,27-29
[26] 王贵竹,李津生.变位记数制与伪随机序列的生成.中国科技大学学报,2000,第4期,38-43
[27] Ulrich Walther ,Gerhard P.Fettweis PN-GENERATORS EMBEDDED IN HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE PROCESSORS.Dresden University of Technology, Mannesmann Mobilefunk Chair for Mobile Communications Systems Mommsenstr.13,D-01062 Dresden,Germany
[2] 肖国镇,粱传甲,王玉民.伪随机序列及其应用.北京:国防工业出版社,1985
[3] John M.Crawford, William E.N.Doty, and Milford R.Lee. Continuous Signal Seisgraphy. Geophysics, 1960, 25: 95-105.
[4] R.Ghose, Vincent Nijhof, Jan Brouwer, Yoshikazu Matsubara, Yasuhiro Kaida, and Toru Takahashi. Shallow to Very Shallow, High-Resolution Reflection Seismic Using a Portable Vibrator System. Geophysics, 1998, 63(4):1295-1309.
[5] 陶知非.可控震源的现状与问题.石油物探装备,1995,5(1):11-26.
[6] 陈祖斌,林君等,轻便浅层地震可控震源的研制,仪器仪表学报,2003,24(3):311-314.
[7] Chen Zubin, Wang Fufang, Lin Jun and Jiang Zhongjin. Time delay estimation of vibroseis chirp signal in urban noise using higher order statistics. International Conference on Signal Processing Proceeding (ICSP'04, Beijing, China) 2004, 280-283.
[8] Chen Zubin, Lin Jun, Design for Vibrator Field Experiment Based on Vibrator-Earth System , Journal of Geoscientific Research in Northeast Asia, 2000,3(1): 107-113.
[9] 施京,陈淑珍,邹炼等.时频方法在分析相控阵探地雷达正演数据中的应用.武汉大学学报(理学版).2003, 49 (5):645-648.
[10] 赵云峰, 陈淑珍,肖伯勋.相控阵探地雷达数据的叠加速度分析.武汉大学学报(理学版).2004, 50(1): 123-126.
[11] 王庆海,徐明才.抗干扰高分辨率浅层地震勘探. 北京:地质出版社,1990, 27-40.
[12] 俞寿朋.高分辨率地震勘探.北京:石油工业出版社,1994,1-34.
[13] 张子三,林君,陈祖斌.轻便高频可控震源的设计与实验.仪器技术与传感器,2000,(10):14-17
[14] 张子三,林君,陈祖斌,于生宝,轻便高频可控震源系统的研制,测控技术,2000,19(10),P50-P53
[15] CHEN Zubin , TENG Jiwen , LIN Jun , ZHANG Linhang , JIANG Zhongjin.Nonlinear analysis in the coupling process of electromagnetic vibrator and earth[J].Science in China Ser.D Earth Sciences,2005,48(8):1175-1182
[16] 陆基梦.地震勘探原理[M].山东:石油大学出版社,1993 100-200
[17] 姜弢,林君,陈祖斌,张林行. 相控震源对地震勘探分辨率的影响.中国地球物理,2005,467.
[18] 王华,等. Matlab 在电信工程中的应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,2001.
[19] 张贤达,保铮. 通信信号处理[M] . 国防工业出版社,2000.
[20] 吴明捷,等. 伪随机码及计算机的产生[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版) ,2002 ,4 :203 - 206.
[21] 李勇,徐震.MATLAB辅助现代工程数学信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002,105-126
[22] 王沫然.Simulink4建模及动态仿真.北京:电子工业出版社,2001
[23] 苏金名,阮沈勇.MATLAB实用指南(上册).北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[24] 王贵竹.产生伪随机序列的字节溅射法.安徽大学学报2000第4期,64-70
[25] 陈顺林,董庆蓉.m序列在移动通信扰码中的应用及仿真。现代电子技术,2002,第3期,27-29
[26] 王贵竹,李津生.变位记数制与伪随机序列的生成.中国科技大学学报,2000,第4期,38-43
[27] Ulrich Walther ,Gerhard P.Fettweis PN-GENERATORS EMBEDDED IN HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE PROCESSORS.Dresden University of Technology, Mannesmann Mobilefunk Chair for Mobile Communications Systems Mommsenstr.13,D-01062 Dresden,Germany