PC斜拉桥合理成桥状态研究
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摘要
大跨度斜拉桥是由主梁、塔柱、拉索三种基本构件组成的高次超静定柔性结构体系。其成桥内力状态具有多样性,而成桥内力分布的好坏是衡量设计优劣的重要指标之一。一旦斜拉桥结构体系确定,总能找出一组斜拉索索力,使结构体系在确定荷载作用下,某种反应成桥受力状态的目标达到最优,这就是该目标下的合理成桥状态。
关于如何确定PC斜拉桥的成桥状态,工程师们已总结出很多的方法,这些方法各有特点及条件,本文结合忠县长江大桥的设计,综合采用最小弯曲能量法和应力平衡法来确定其成桥状态。针对最小二乘法调索要求的主梁弯矩控制条件,以主梁恒载弯矩可行域作为约束,综合考虑主塔受力、边墩辅助墩反力及索力均匀性,以成桥索力作为变量,建立优化模型,求解优化问题,从而得到合理成桥状态。该方法是最小弯曲能量法和应力平衡法的结合点。最后,以忠县长江大桥为例,详细介绍了用综合法确定大跨度PC斜拉桥成桥状态的步骤,得到的结果为下一步确定施工状态等工作奠定了基础,对斜拉桥的建设具有一定的参考意义。并且对不同成桥状态下收缩徐变对主梁弯矩的影响进行了分析。
本文还介绍了施工状态的确定方法、施工过程控制的内容以及忠县长江大桥的施工方案,并结合影响斜拉桥合理成桥状态的因素,提出为确保实现成桥状态对施工的主要技术指标要求。
The long-span cable-stayed bridge,a kind of indeterminate flexible structure with many redundant degrees,consists of three basic members:girder,tower and cables.Its’internal forces are not unique under finished state.Weather the inter forces are reasonable decides the level of this design.If the structure and loading are fixed,we always can make out a set of cable forces to make some aims that response the force state of finished structure optimum under fixed structure and loadings.This is the reasonable finished state under this aim.
Engineers have concluded many methods to determine the reasonable finished state of prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridge.Each method has its character and condition.In this paper,we take the design of Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge for example,proposed a comprehensive method that uses both the Minimum Bending Energy Method and the Stress-Balance Method to determining the reasonable finished state of this bridge.In use of the comprehensive method,the Least Squares Method is used to adjust the cable forces,under the controlling conditions according to the moment of main beam. Taking the cable forces of the finished bridge as variables,we can form an optimization model which is subjected to the restriction considering the requirements of uniform of the cable forces,the resistance of the side and assistant piers,the bending forces of the towers and the dead moment feasible field of the main beam.Make out the optimization model and then attain a reasonable finished state.This method is the combination of the Minimum Bending Energy Method and the Stress-Balance Method.In the end,taking the Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge as example,introduced the step of the determination of the reasonable finished state of the long-span prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridges by the comprehensive method in detail.The result has laid the foundation on the next step of the determination of the construction state,and has the reference value to the constructions of cable-stayed bridges.And the influence of shrinkage and creep to the main beam bending moment which under the different finished state is analyzed,too.
Finally,the method of the determination of the construction state,the contents of construction controlling and the method of construction of the Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge have been introduced in this paper.According to the influential factors of the reasonable finished state of the cable-stayed bridges,this paper has gave the main technical requirement of construction.
关于如何确定PC斜拉桥的成桥状态,工程师们已总结出很多的方法,这些方法各有特点及条件,本文结合忠县长江大桥的设计,综合采用最小弯曲能量法和应力平衡法来确定其成桥状态。针对最小二乘法调索要求的主梁弯矩控制条件,以主梁恒载弯矩可行域作为约束,综合考虑主塔受力、边墩辅助墩反力及索力均匀性,以成桥索力作为变量,建立优化模型,求解优化问题,从而得到合理成桥状态。该方法是最小弯曲能量法和应力平衡法的结合点。最后,以忠县长江大桥为例,详细介绍了用综合法确定大跨度PC斜拉桥成桥状态的步骤,得到的结果为下一步确定施工状态等工作奠定了基础,对斜拉桥的建设具有一定的参考意义。并且对不同成桥状态下收缩徐变对主梁弯矩的影响进行了分析。
本文还介绍了施工状态的确定方法、施工过程控制的内容以及忠县长江大桥的施工方案,并结合影响斜拉桥合理成桥状态的因素,提出为确保实现成桥状态对施工的主要技术指标要求。
The long-span cable-stayed bridge,a kind of indeterminate flexible structure with many redundant degrees,consists of three basic members:girder,tower and cables.Its’internal forces are not unique under finished state.Weather the inter forces are reasonable decides the level of this design.If the structure and loading are fixed,we always can make out a set of cable forces to make some aims that response the force state of finished structure optimum under fixed structure and loadings.This is the reasonable finished state under this aim.
Engineers have concluded many methods to determine the reasonable finished state of prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridge.Each method has its character and condition.In this paper,we take the design of Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge for example,proposed a comprehensive method that uses both the Minimum Bending Energy Method and the Stress-Balance Method to determining the reasonable finished state of this bridge.In use of the comprehensive method,the Least Squares Method is used to adjust the cable forces,under the controlling conditions according to the moment of main beam. Taking the cable forces of the finished bridge as variables,we can form an optimization model which is subjected to the restriction considering the requirements of uniform of the cable forces,the resistance of the side and assistant piers,the bending forces of the towers and the dead moment feasible field of the main beam.Make out the optimization model and then attain a reasonable finished state.This method is the combination of the Minimum Bending Energy Method and the Stress-Balance Method.In the end,taking the Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge as example,introduced the step of the determination of the reasonable finished state of the long-span prestressed concrete cable-stayed bridges by the comprehensive method in detail.The result has laid the foundation on the next step of the determination of the construction state,and has the reference value to the constructions of cable-stayed bridges.And the influence of shrinkage and creep to the main beam bending moment which under the different finished state is analyzed,too.
Finally,the method of the determination of the construction state,the contents of construction controlling and the method of construction of the Zhongxian Yangtze River Bridge have been introduced in this paper.According to the influential factors of the reasonable finished state of the cable-stayed bridges,this paper has gave the main technical requirement of construction.
引文
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[2]胡明义.我国长大桥梁技术发展与展望.中国土木工程学会桥梁及结构工程学会第十四届年会论文集.2000
[3]林元培.斜拉桥.北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[4]项海帆.高等桥梁结构理论.北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[5]颜东煌,李学文,刘光栋,等.用应力平衡法确定斜拉桥主梁的合理成桥状态.中国公路学报,2000,13(3):49-52
[6]颜东煌,李学文,刘光栋,等.混凝土斜拉桥合理成桥状态确定的分步算法.中国公路学报,2003,16(1):43-46
[7]詹建辉,经华.PC斜拉桥成桥状态影响因素分析.交通科技,2000(6):10-13
[8] JTJ023-85,公路钢筋砼及预应力砼桥涵设计规范.
[9]詹建辉.高低塔斜拉桥静力性能研究及施工控制.硕士学位论文.南京:东南大学,2000
[10]陈德伟,范立础.确定预应力混凝土斜拉桥恒载初始索力的方法.同济大学学报,1998,26(2):120-124
[11]张春芳,周履编译.混凝土斜拉桥中最佳的索力调整.国外桥梁,1997(1):6-12
[12]施笃铮,汪劲丰,项贻强,等.斜拉桥施工过程中的索力控制与优化研究.浙江大学学报,2002,15(2):57-60
[13]肖汝诚,项海帆.斜拉桥索力优化的影响矩阵法.同济大学学报,1998,26(3):235-240
[14]刘乐天.高低塔斜拉桥静力性能研究及施工控制.硕士学位论文.长沙:长沙交通学院,2002
[15]陆揪,徐有光.斜拉桥最优索力探讨.中国公路学报,1990,3(l):43-48
[16]朱灿.斜拉桥成桥索力调整的最优化方法.硕士学位论文.长沙:长沙交通学院,2001
[17]颜东煌.斜拉桥合理设计状态确定与施工控制.博士学位论文.长沙:湖南大学,2001
[18]肖汝诚.桥梁结构分析及程序系统.人民交通出版社,2002
[19]王文涛.斜拉桥换索工程.人民交通出版社,1997
[20]李传习,夏桂云.大跨度桥梁结构计算理论.北京:人民交通出版社,2002.
[21]肖汝诚,项海帆.斜拉桥索力优化及工程应用.计算力学学报,1998,15(1):118-125
[22]汪劲丰.预应力混凝土斜拉桥施工控制的关键技术研究.博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2003
[23]高剑.斜拉桥理想成桥状态与合理施工状态研究.硕士学位论文.西安:长安大学,2003
[24]李学文,田仲初,颜东煌.混凝土斜拉桥采用前支点挂篮悬臂浇注施工的中间索力确定方法.公路交通科技,2002,19(5):77-79
[25]刘明虎.几种方法进行斜拉索静力计算比较.中国土木工程学会桥梁及结构工程学会第十四届会论文集.上海:同济大学出版社,2000
[26]李传习,夏桂云,张建仁,等.斜拉索静力分析综述.中南公路工程,2001,26(2):32-34
[27]夏桂云,李传习,张建仁.斜拉索非线性分析.长沙交通学院学报,2001,17(l):47-50
[28]魏建东,车惠民.斜拉索静力解及其应用.西南交通大学学报,1998,33(5):10-14
[29]李国平.斜拉索非线性分析的状态修正法.同济大学学报,2000,28(1):4-7
[30]华孝良.桥梁结构非线性分析.北京:人民交通出版社,1997
[31]刘士林.斜拉桥.人民交通出版社,2002
[32]乔建东,陈政清.确定斜拉桥索力的有约束优化方法.上海力学,1999,20(1):49-55
[33]梁鹏,肖汝诚,张雪松.斜拉桥索力优化实用方法.同济大学学报,2003,31(11):1270-1274
[34]严国敏.现代斜拉桥.西南交通大学出版社,1995
[35]官万轶,韩大建.斜拉桥的索力调整.昆明理工大学学报,2000,25(1):125-128
[36]向中富.桥梁施工控制技术.人民交通出版社,2000
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