怀地黄高产优质脱毒株系的筛选及种植技术研究
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摘要
怀地黄[Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao]为玄参科地黄属的一种药用植物,是我国著名的“四大怀药”之一。由于长期采用营养繁殖,病毒感染严重,导致其产量下降、品种退化。在前期研究工作的基础上,本文对怀地黄不同的脱毒株系及不同种植密度对产量和品质的影响进行了研究,以期筛选出高产优质的脱毒株系和合理的种植密度,为建立脱毒怀地黄高产优质栽培技术奠定基础。研究结果如下:
1.高产优质脱毒株系的筛选
(1)怀地黄脱毒种苗较非脱毒种苗生长旺盛,叶绿素含量明显提高,叶片POD和SOD活力均有所降低,产量显著提高,品质得到改善,达到了复壮的目的;
(2)怀地黄10个不同脱毒株系中,株系A产量最高、品质最优,可以大面积推广应用。
2.种植密度对脱毒种苗生物学性状、产量和品质的影响
(1)形态:随着种植密度的增加,脱毒种苗的株高和叶面积都呈逐渐升高的趋势,而冠幅和叶片数则呈递减的趋势;
(2)生理:在一定范围内,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量都随着种植密度的增加而增加,当种植密度为8000株/亩时达到最高,超过此密度含量开始下降;叶片SOD、POD活力随着种植密度的增加都呈上升的趋势;可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量与种植密度无相关性;叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率与叶绿素含量呈正相关;
(3)产量:随着种植密度的增加,脱毒种苗单株重下降,单株块根数减少;在一定范围内,亩产量随着种植密度的增加而增加,当种植密度为10000株/亩时最高,超过此密度产量下降;
(4)品质:种植密度为8000株/亩时,块根可溶性总糖和蛋白含量最高;种植密度为10000株/亩时,块根梓醇和淀粉含量最高,可溶性总糖和蛋白含量仅次于最高值。
综合形态、生理、产量和品质等各项指标,脱毒怀地黄种植密度在8000～10000株/亩范围内大田生产效果较好。
Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao,a medicinal plant which belongs to Scrophulariaceae, Rehmannia is one of the Four Famous Huai Medicine. However, Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao multiplied by long-time vegetative propagation that resulted to some problems such as virus infraction, variety degeneration, low yield. On the basis of previous study, this dissertation studied effects of different virus-free plantlets and planting densities on yield and quality to select a high yield, quality virus-free plantlet and reasonable planting density, to lay the foundation for establishing high yield and quality cultivation techniques of virus-free plantlet of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao .
1. Selecting of high yield , high quality virus-free plantlet
(1) Compared with non-virus-free seedlings, Virus-free seedlings growed more vigorous than non- virus-free seedlings;The contents of Chl and the yield of virus-free seedlings were significantly higher than non- virus-free seedlings; The activities of POD and SOD in leaves of virus-free seedlings were lower than that in leaves of non- virus-free seedlings; Quality and the original features were restored after virus had been removed.
(2) The A plantlet had the most highest yield and the best quality in the ten virus-free plantlets, so, it should be widely promoted and planted in the production.
2. The influence of cropping densities on the biological properties,yield and quality of virus-free plantlets
(1) Morphology:The plant height and leaf area increased gradually with the cropping density increasing, but the crown and number of leaves decreased;
(2) Physiology: With the density increasing, the contents of Chla, Chlb and total Chl in leaves of virus-free plantlets,increased first then reduced .When the density was 8000 plants per 667m2, the content was the highest; The activities of POD, SOD in leaves of virus-free plantlets increased with the increase of planting density. Meanwhile, the content of total soluble sugar and soluble protein had no correlation with the plant density; The Pn and E related directly to the contents of Chl;
(3) Yield: The per plant weight and the number of per plant tubers reduced with the density increasing, but the yield increased first then decreased;When the density was 10000 plants per 667m2 , the highest yield was obstained;
(4) Quality: When the planting density was 8000 plants per 667m2 , the contents of total soluble sugar, soluble protein were the highest value; When the density was 10000 plant/667m2,the contents of catapol ,starch of tubers of virus-free plantlets were the highest value while the contents of total soluble sugar, soluble protein were only less then the highest value.
Generally,when the density was between 8000 and 10000 plants per 667m2 ,it was helpful to high-yield in the field.
1.高产优质脱毒株系的筛选
(1)怀地黄脱毒种苗较非脱毒种苗生长旺盛,叶绿素含量明显提高,叶片POD和SOD活力均有所降低,产量显著提高,品质得到改善,达到了复壮的目的;
(2)怀地黄10个不同脱毒株系中,株系A产量最高、品质最优,可以大面积推广应用。
2.种植密度对脱毒种苗生物学性状、产量和品质的影响
(1)形态:随着种植密度的增加,脱毒种苗的株高和叶面积都呈逐渐升高的趋势,而冠幅和叶片数则呈递减的趋势;
(2)生理:在一定范围内,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素含量都随着种植密度的增加而增加,当种植密度为8000株/亩时达到最高,超过此密度含量开始下降;叶片SOD、POD活力随着种植密度的增加都呈上升的趋势;可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量与种植密度无相关性;叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率与叶绿素含量呈正相关;
(3)产量:随着种植密度的增加,脱毒种苗单株重下降,单株块根数减少;在一定范围内,亩产量随着种植密度的增加而增加,当种植密度为10000株/亩时最高,超过此密度产量下降;
(4)品质:种植密度为8000株/亩时,块根可溶性总糖和蛋白含量最高;种植密度为10000株/亩时,块根梓醇和淀粉含量最高,可溶性总糖和蛋白含量仅次于最高值。
综合形态、生理、产量和品质等各项指标,脱毒怀地黄种植密度在8000～10000株/亩范围内大田生产效果较好。
Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao,a medicinal plant which belongs to Scrophulariaceae, Rehmannia is one of the Four Famous Huai Medicine. However, Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao multiplied by long-time vegetative propagation that resulted to some problems such as virus infraction, variety degeneration, low yield. On the basis of previous study, this dissertation studied effects of different virus-free plantlets and planting densities on yield and quality to select a high yield, quality virus-free plantlet and reasonable planting density, to lay the foundation for establishing high yield and quality cultivation techniques of virus-free plantlet of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis (Chan et Sehih) Hsiao .
1. Selecting of high yield , high quality virus-free plantlet
(1) Compared with non-virus-free seedlings, Virus-free seedlings growed more vigorous than non- virus-free seedlings;The contents of Chl and the yield of virus-free seedlings were significantly higher than non- virus-free seedlings; The activities of POD and SOD in leaves of virus-free seedlings were lower than that in leaves of non- virus-free seedlings; Quality and the original features were restored after virus had been removed.
(2) The A plantlet had the most highest yield and the best quality in the ten virus-free plantlets, so, it should be widely promoted and planted in the production.
2. The influence of cropping densities on the biological properties,yield and quality of virus-free plantlets
(1) Morphology:The plant height and leaf area increased gradually with the cropping density increasing, but the crown and number of leaves decreased;
(2) Physiology: With the density increasing, the contents of Chla, Chlb and total Chl in leaves of virus-free plantlets,increased first then reduced .When the density was 8000 plants per 667m2, the content was the highest; The activities of POD, SOD in leaves of virus-free plantlets increased with the increase of planting density. Meanwhile, the content of total soluble sugar and soluble protein had no correlation with the plant density; The Pn and E related directly to the contents of Chl;
(3) Yield: The per plant weight and the number of per plant tubers reduced with the density increasing, but the yield increased first then decreased;When the density was 10000 plants per 667m2 , the highest yield was obstained;
(4) Quality: When the planting density was 8000 plants per 667m2 , the contents of total soluble sugar, soluble protein were the highest value; When the density was 10000 plant/667m2,the contents of catapol ,starch of tubers of virus-free plantlets were the highest value while the contents of total soluble sugar, soluble protein were only less then the highest value.
Generally,when the density was between 8000 and 10000 plants per 667m2 ,it was helpful to high-yield in the field.
引文
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