搅拌方式对水泥混凝土含气量与性能影响的研究
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摘要
工程中要求混凝土具有良好的耐久性能。在混凝土中引入合理的含气量能使混凝土使用性、耐久性（抗冻性）、抗渗性都有较大幅度的提高。上世纪30年代发展起来的引气混凝土技术，是混凝土技术进步的最大进展之一，目前引气混凝土被应用在几乎所有的建筑结构上。工程中通常使用掺加引气剂技术来增加混凝土的含气量。影响混凝土引气效果的因素较多。针对组成混凝土材料的级配、混凝土坍落度、水灰比等变化与其含气量的关系，国内外进行了一些相关的研究。搅拌作为混凝土生产最基本的制备方法，而搅拌方式、搅拌参数变化对混凝土含气量的影响规律的研究却很少见到。如果可以采用合适的搅拌方法能提高混凝土的含气量，将更为经济方便。
为了研究搅拌方式、搅拌过程对混凝土含气量与耐久性的影响规律,论文从搅拌概念和振动搅拌理论出发，以双卧轴、单卧轴和立轴式振动搅拌样机为平台，研究普通强制搅拌方式和几种振动搅拌方式对混凝土含气量等性能的影响。对搅拌过程中影响混凝土含气量的因素及规律进行研究，主要通过对各搅拌参数（如振动幅值和振动圆频率、搅拌速度、叶片安装排列方式等）变化对混凝土含气量的影响规律进行试验研究。通过测试分析搅拌过程中不同条件和参数下混凝土的含气量和强度，研究分析振动搅拌方式合适的振源位置及其振动搅拌参数对混凝土含气量的影响，分析比较混凝土振动搅拌方式对其含气量的影响机理，与目前工程中广泛应用的引气剂技术进行了对比试验研究。并利用扫描电镜技术和汞压法孔结构测试技术对不同搅拌条件下混凝土的微观结构进行了测试分析，研究不同的搅拌条件对混凝土微观形貌变化的影响，对混凝土的宏观性能变化进行微观机理的分析。
结果表明，提高混凝土的含气量的方法，除了目前国内外普遍采用的引气剂技术外,在搅拌参数匹配的条件下，在对物料进行搅拌的同时对物料施加振动作用的振动搅拌方式，可以显著提高混凝土的含气量。选择合适的振动搅拌方式可以使新拌混凝土含气量普遍达到3.5%左右，达到了工程中混凝土抗冻性要求的含气量，同时还具有较高的抗压强度；振动搅拌和加入引气剂技术同时使用可以取得更好的引气效果，而且在改善混凝土孔结构方面，这两种技术方法优势互补。微观原理的试验分析证明，采用振动搅拌方式可以明显改善混凝土中过渡层和水泥水化浆体的显微结构，可以细化混凝土的孔结构，因此能够提高混凝土的强度和耐久性。
论文的研究是在国家自然科学基金项目“混凝土振动拌和机理的研究（50678026）”资助下完成的。
In the project application, the concrete must have good durability.The frozen and meltingcycle will lead the intensity of the concrete’s structure to decrease, which will significantlydecrease the durability of the structure of the concrete. The key component of good durabilityis good frost resistance. By bringing in proper air content, the usability, durability (frostresistance) and impermeability can be greatly improved. The air entrainment technologydeveloped in30thof the last century is one of the greatest progress in the development of theconcrete technology. Air-entraining concrete has been used in almost all the structures of thearchitectures. People widely add air-entraining agent in order to improve the air content of theconcrete in project. There’re many factors affecting the air content of the concrete. Thestudies aimed at material graduation, slump and water cement radio etc have been carried outat home and abroad. However, few studies have aimed at the effects of the mixing process onconcrete air content. As the most basic preparation method, if we take the method of mixingto improve the air content of the concrete, it will be more inexpensive and convenient.
In this dissertation, the effects of normal forced mixing method and several vibrationmixing methods on the durability and air content of concrete were researched based on themixing conception and vibration mixing theory, with the vibration stirring prototypes of singlehorizontal shaft, double horizontal shaft and vertical spindle shaft as experimentalplatforms.The dissertation studies the factors affecting air content of the concrete in themixing process and its regulation. We mainly studies the effect of the mixing parameters(amplitude, vibration frequency, mixing speed, setting angle of mixing blades, etc.) on aircontent of the concrete. By testing and analyzing concrete’s air content and concrete strengthwhich is obtained in different mixing conditions and mixing parameters, the proper excitationsource position in the vibrating mixing method and the effect of the vibrating mixingparameters on the concrete’s air content were studied, and the effect mechanism was analyzedand compared. What’s more, we compare the vibrating mixing method with the widely usedtechnology of air-entraining agent. By using the electronic microscope photograph andmercury poromesitry, we analyze the microscopic structure of the concrete in various mixingconditions and their relations. Besides, the microscopic principle of the macro properties has been analyzed.
The result indicates that beside the widely used technology of air-entraining agent, theproper mixing method with proper mixing parameters which means the mixing blade alsoserves as excitation source can significantly improve the concrete’s air content. By choosingthe proper vibrating mixing method, the concrete’s air content can averagely reach about3.5%,which meet the requirement of the frost resistance in the project. Such concrete has relativelyhigh pressure resistance at the same time. When we combine the technology of air-entrainingagent and vibrating mixing method, we can gain higher air content. Besides, these twomethods complement each other’s advantages on improving the structure of the pore. By theanalysis of the microscopic principle, it indicates that the vibrating mixing can promote theimprovement of the microstructure of the concrete’s transition layer and cement’s hydrationslurry, and it can improve the pore distribution of concrete, that results in improving thestrength and durability of the concrete.
The research dissertation was financed by the National Natural Science Fund Project（50678026）.
为了研究搅拌方式、搅拌过程对混凝土含气量与耐久性的影响规律,论文从搅拌概念和振动搅拌理论出发，以双卧轴、单卧轴和立轴式振动搅拌样机为平台，研究普通强制搅拌方式和几种振动搅拌方式对混凝土含气量等性能的影响。对搅拌过程中影响混凝土含气量的因素及规律进行研究，主要通过对各搅拌参数（如振动幅值和振动圆频率、搅拌速度、叶片安装排列方式等）变化对混凝土含气量的影响规律进行试验研究。通过测试分析搅拌过程中不同条件和参数下混凝土的含气量和强度，研究分析振动搅拌方式合适的振源位置及其振动搅拌参数对混凝土含气量的影响，分析比较混凝土振动搅拌方式对其含气量的影响机理，与目前工程中广泛应用的引气剂技术进行了对比试验研究。并利用扫描电镜技术和汞压法孔结构测试技术对不同搅拌条件下混凝土的微观结构进行了测试分析，研究不同的搅拌条件对混凝土微观形貌变化的影响，对混凝土的宏观性能变化进行微观机理的分析。
结果表明，提高混凝土的含气量的方法，除了目前国内外普遍采用的引气剂技术外,在搅拌参数匹配的条件下，在对物料进行搅拌的同时对物料施加振动作用的振动搅拌方式，可以显著提高混凝土的含气量。选择合适的振动搅拌方式可以使新拌混凝土含气量普遍达到3.5%左右，达到了工程中混凝土抗冻性要求的含气量，同时还具有较高的抗压强度；振动搅拌和加入引气剂技术同时使用可以取得更好的引气效果，而且在改善混凝土孔结构方面，这两种技术方法优势互补。微观原理的试验分析证明，采用振动搅拌方式可以明显改善混凝土中过渡层和水泥水化浆体的显微结构，可以细化混凝土的孔结构，因此能够提高混凝土的强度和耐久性。
论文的研究是在国家自然科学基金项目“混凝土振动拌和机理的研究（50678026）”资助下完成的。
In the project application, the concrete must have good durability.The frozen and meltingcycle will lead the intensity of the concrete’s structure to decrease, which will significantlydecrease the durability of the structure of the concrete. The key component of good durabilityis good frost resistance. By bringing in proper air content, the usability, durability (frostresistance) and impermeability can be greatly improved. The air entrainment technologydeveloped in30thof the last century is one of the greatest progress in the development of theconcrete technology. Air-entraining concrete has been used in almost all the structures of thearchitectures. People widely add air-entraining agent in order to improve the air content of theconcrete in project. There’re many factors affecting the air content of the concrete. Thestudies aimed at material graduation, slump and water cement radio etc have been carried outat home and abroad. However, few studies have aimed at the effects of the mixing process onconcrete air content. As the most basic preparation method, if we take the method of mixingto improve the air content of the concrete, it will be more inexpensive and convenient.
In this dissertation, the effects of normal forced mixing method and several vibrationmixing methods on the durability and air content of concrete were researched based on themixing conception and vibration mixing theory, with the vibration stirring prototypes of singlehorizontal shaft, double horizontal shaft and vertical spindle shaft as experimentalplatforms.The dissertation studies the factors affecting air content of the concrete in themixing process and its regulation. We mainly studies the effect of the mixing parameters(amplitude, vibration frequency, mixing speed, setting angle of mixing blades, etc.) on aircontent of the concrete. By testing and analyzing concrete’s air content and concrete strengthwhich is obtained in different mixing conditions and mixing parameters, the proper excitationsource position in the vibrating mixing method and the effect of the vibrating mixingparameters on the concrete’s air content were studied, and the effect mechanism was analyzedand compared. What’s more, we compare the vibrating mixing method with the widely usedtechnology of air-entraining agent. By using the electronic microscope photograph andmercury poromesitry, we analyze the microscopic structure of the concrete in various mixingconditions and their relations. Besides, the microscopic principle of the macro properties has been analyzed.
The result indicates that beside the widely used technology of air-entraining agent, theproper mixing method with proper mixing parameters which means the mixing blade alsoserves as excitation source can significantly improve the concrete’s air content. By choosingthe proper vibrating mixing method, the concrete’s air content can averagely reach about3.5%,which meet the requirement of the frost resistance in the project. Such concrete has relativelyhigh pressure resistance at the same time. When we combine the technology of air-entrainingagent and vibrating mixing method, we can gain higher air content. Besides, these twomethods complement each other’s advantages on improving the structure of the pore. By theanalysis of the microscopic principle, it indicates that the vibrating mixing can promote theimprovement of the microstructure of the concrete’s transition layer and cement’s hydrationslurry, and it can improve the pore distribution of concrete, that results in improving thestrength and durability of the concrete.
The research dissertation was financed by the National Natural Science Fund Project（50678026）.
引文
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