吉林省大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量生态区划及地点年份效应分析
摘要
本研究选取具有代表性的9个品种(高脂肪、高蛋白和普通品种各3个)在吉林省6个不同生态区种植3年,结合当地气象数据(降水、温度和日照时数)对产量、品质的品种效应、年份效应和地点效应进行了分析,并对吉林省大豆品质生态进行了初步规划。结果如下：
产量与产量构成之间关系研究表明,单株有效荚数、单株粒数与产量呈极显著正相关,百粒重与产量相关性并未达到显著水平。
对9个品种在吉林省6个地区3年的平均产量进行多因素方差分析,结果表明,产量受品种效应、年份效应、地点×年份交互效应、品种×地点交互效应、品种×年份交互效应和品种×地点×年份效应影响达显著或极显著水平,地点效应没有显著差异。在不同类型品种间,高脂肪型品种产量最高,其次为普通型品种,最低为高蛋白型品种。不同年份间,2006年各地区的产量较高,其次为2007年和2005年,这种差异的主要是由不同年份的环境条件,特别是气象条件不同而造成的。
根据不同品种、不同地区蛋白质和脂肪含量分析表明,品种不同品种间的品质表现存在显著差异,同一品种的脂肪含量与蛋白质含量呈负相关。同一地区同一品种的脂肪含量、蛋白含量和脂肪蛋白总含量受年份效应的影响程度较小,主要与品种的遗传特性有关。不同地区间的大豆品质表现有显著差异,地点的脂肪与蛋白含量也呈显著负相关。脂肪含量与温度和日照时数呈正相关,与降水量呈负相关；蛋白质含量与降水量呈正相关,与温度和日照时数呈负相关。表现为公主岭和德惠地区的脂肪含量相对较高；通化和桦甸地区的蛋白质含量相对较高；公主岭和桦甸地区蛋脂总量相对较高。
依据品质表现及其相互之间的关系,品质与环境条件的关系,品质和产量在各地区的表现,将吉林省划分为三个品质生态区：吉林省中南和中北部平原及东部盆地为大豆高脂肪区,中东部低山区和东南部山区为大豆高蛋白区,西部干旱区为大豆生产的低产低效区。
In this research,9 typical spring soybean varieties of Jilin province of China which had different quality characters (High-protein group、High-oil group and common group) were planted in 6 different ecological region in Jilin province. Soybean yield and quality traits responded to the ecology condition was studied using the meteorological data and the regionalization of quality ecology was discussed in this experiment. The results were as following:
The correlation between yield and yield components indicated that number of effective pods per plant and seed number per plant were significantly positive correlative with yield,100-seed weight only had a positive correlation.
Multifactor analysis of variance showed, the effect of soybean varieties、planting years、planting locations* planting years、varieties* locations、varieties* planting years and varieties* locations* planting years on soybean yield reached significant or extremely significant level, but the effect of planting locations did not. Among different soybean types, High-Oil type soybean had the highest yield, followed by Common-type and High-Protein type. Among different planting years, yield in 2006 was the highest, and then the yield in 2007 and 2005.The yield difference in different planting years was caused by environmental conditions among different years, especially meteorological conditions.
The effect of different varieties on quality of soybean reached the significance level, oil content was negative correlative with protein content in all varieties. Oil content、protein content and total content of 9 varieties had no difference among 3 years at every location, which indicated that the quality of soybean was stable for its gene trait. The quality of soybean was significantly different among 6 locations, which meant different ecology conditions had different influence on the quality. Oil content was positive correlative with temperature and sunshine duration of locations and negative correlative with amount of precipitation. Protein content had the opposite trend. Therefore, oil content was relatively higher in Gongzhuling and Dehui district; protein content was relatively higher in Tonghua and Huadian district; Total content was relatively higher in Gongzhuling and Huadian district.
According to the analysis above,6 regions was divided into 3 quality ecology groups: The plain of south central and north central Jilin province and the basin of east were grouped as High-Oil district. The mountain regions of east central and southeast were grouped as High-Protein district. The west arid region was grouped as Low-yield and Low-efficient district.
产量与产量构成之间关系研究表明,单株有效荚数、单株粒数与产量呈极显著正相关,百粒重与产量相关性并未达到显著水平。
对9个品种在吉林省6个地区3年的平均产量进行多因素方差分析,结果表明,产量受品种效应、年份效应、地点×年份交互效应、品种×地点交互效应、品种×年份交互效应和品种×地点×年份效应影响达显著或极显著水平,地点效应没有显著差异。在不同类型品种间,高脂肪型品种产量最高,其次为普通型品种,最低为高蛋白型品种。不同年份间,2006年各地区的产量较高,其次为2007年和2005年,这种差异的主要是由不同年份的环境条件,特别是气象条件不同而造成的。
根据不同品种、不同地区蛋白质和脂肪含量分析表明,品种不同品种间的品质表现存在显著差异,同一品种的脂肪含量与蛋白质含量呈负相关。同一地区同一品种的脂肪含量、蛋白含量和脂肪蛋白总含量受年份效应的影响程度较小,主要与品种的遗传特性有关。不同地区间的大豆品质表现有显著差异,地点的脂肪与蛋白含量也呈显著负相关。脂肪含量与温度和日照时数呈正相关,与降水量呈负相关；蛋白质含量与降水量呈正相关,与温度和日照时数呈负相关。表现为公主岭和德惠地区的脂肪含量相对较高；通化和桦甸地区的蛋白质含量相对较高；公主岭和桦甸地区蛋脂总量相对较高。
依据品质表现及其相互之间的关系,品质与环境条件的关系,品质和产量在各地区的表现,将吉林省划分为三个品质生态区：吉林省中南和中北部平原及东部盆地为大豆高脂肪区,中东部低山区和东南部山区为大豆高蛋白区,西部干旱区为大豆生产的低产低效区。
In this research,9 typical spring soybean varieties of Jilin province of China which had different quality characters (High-protein group、High-oil group and common group) were planted in 6 different ecological region in Jilin province. Soybean yield and quality traits responded to the ecology condition was studied using the meteorological data and the regionalization of quality ecology was discussed in this experiment. The results were as following:
The correlation between yield and yield components indicated that number of effective pods per plant and seed number per plant were significantly positive correlative with yield,100-seed weight only had a positive correlation.
Multifactor analysis of variance showed, the effect of soybean varieties、planting years、planting locations* planting years、varieties* locations、varieties* planting years and varieties* locations* planting years on soybean yield reached significant or extremely significant level, but the effect of planting locations did not. Among different soybean types, High-Oil type soybean had the highest yield, followed by Common-type and High-Protein type. Among different planting years, yield in 2006 was the highest, and then the yield in 2007 and 2005.The yield difference in different planting years was caused by environmental conditions among different years, especially meteorological conditions.
The effect of different varieties on quality of soybean reached the significance level, oil content was negative correlative with protein content in all varieties. Oil content、protein content and total content of 9 varieties had no difference among 3 years at every location, which indicated that the quality of soybean was stable for its gene trait. The quality of soybean was significantly different among 6 locations, which meant different ecology conditions had different influence on the quality. Oil content was positive correlative with temperature and sunshine duration of locations and negative correlative with amount of precipitation. Protein content had the opposite trend. Therefore, oil content was relatively higher in Gongzhuling and Dehui district; protein content was relatively higher in Tonghua and Huadian district; Total content was relatively higher in Gongzhuling and Huadian district.
According to the analysis above,6 regions was divided into 3 quality ecology groups: The plain of south central and north central Jilin province and the basin of east were grouped as High-Oil district. The mountain regions of east central and southeast were grouped as High-Protein district. The west arid region was grouped as Low-yield and Low-efficient district.
引文
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[2]Board J. E., Tan Q. Assimilatory capacity effects on soybean yield components and pod number. Crop Science,1995,35 (3):846-851
[3]Board J. E., Settimi J. R. Photoperiod effect before and after flowering on branch development in determinate soybean. Agronomy Journal, 1986,78:995-1002
[4]Meier U. Growth stages of mono-and dicotyledonous plants,2nd. Germany:Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), Braunschweig,2001
[5]刘兴媛,胡传璞,李玉玲.中国大豆种质资源的脂肪酸组成分析.作物品种资源,1998,(2)：40-42
[6]徐杰,胡国华,张大勇.大豆种子脂肪酸组分的研究进展.大豆科学,2005(1)：18-21
[7]徐豹,庄丙昌,路琴华,等.中国大豆主要生产品种蛋白质、脂肪含量及其组分的相关分析.大豆科学,1988,7(3)：176-184
[8]张恒善.大豆种子脂肪和蛋白质形成及积累规律的初步研究.大豆科学,1990,9(3)：191-197
[9]刘新录,段武德,贾铁申.东北地区高脂肪大豆高产理论与技术,农业部大豆生产培训教材,2002,29
[10]#12
[11]Taira, et. al. Influence of Location on the chemical composition of soybean seeds. Proc. Crop. Sci. Soc. Japan,40(4):530-544
[12]孙祖东,陈怀珠,杨守臻,等.大豆抗旱性研究进展.大豆科学,2001,20(3)：221-226
[13]Kokubun M., Shimada S., Takahashi M. Flower abortion caused by preanthesis water deficit is not attributed to impairment of pollen in soybean. Crop Science,2001,41:1517-1521
[14]Liu F. L., Andersen M. N., Jensen C. R. Loss of pod set caused by drought stress is associated with water status and ABA content of reproductive structures in soybean. Functional Plant Biology,2003,30: 271-380
[15]Liu F. L., Andersen M. N., Jensen C. R. Root signal controls pod growth in drought-stressed soybean during the critical, abortion-sensitive phase of pod development. Field Crops Research, 2004,85:159-166
[16]Brevedan R. E., Egli D. B. Short period of water stress during seed filling, leaf senescence and yield of soybean. Crop Science,2003,43 (6): 2083-2088
[17]韩晓增,乔云发,张秋英,等.不同水分条件对大豆产量的影响.大豆科学,2003,22(3)：269-272
[18]谢甫绨,董钻,孙艳环,等.不同生育时期干旱对大豆生长和产量的影响.沈阳农业大学学报,1994,25(1)：13-16
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