低渗透油田CO_2/水交替驱室内实验研究
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摘要
芳48区块具有启动压力低、原油粘度高、驱油效率低、油层吸水能力差等特点,是典型的低渗透油藏。为了有效、合理开发该油藏,本文在对低渗透油藏特点、国内外注气开发低渗透油藏现状充分调研的基础上,通过实验方法,模拟地层实际情况,进行岩心驱替实验进行CO_2/水交替驱可行性研究。
水气交替驱工艺是一种提高油气采收率的有效方法,能降低水驱过的油层残余油饱和度,提高驱油效率,同时提高CO_2的体积波及系数。本文针对芳48区块低渗透油藏进行CO_2/水交替驱实验,测定了不同条件下CO_2/水交替驱的采收率、气体突破时间、换油率、生产气油比、注气能力等参数。确定最佳的注入参数(交替比例、交替段塞、注入速度、注入强度),并与CO_2驱进行对比。实验结果表明:CO_2/水交替驱的水气比为1:1、段塞为0.1PV,注入速度为1.14cm~3/min时驱油效果最好,水气交替驱时机越早越好。
CO_2/水交替驱采收率高于CO_2驱最终采收率,因此,在进行CO_2驱时,应首选水气交替驱。
Fang 48 block is typical of low permeability reservoirs, which has the low starting pressure, high viscosity, the low displacement efficiency, and the poor water intake ability. In order to develop the reservoir effectively and reasonably, the paper carries on the feasibility of CO_2-water alternative drive through experimental method and simulate the layer actual situation on the basis of the sufficient survey about low permeability features and the low permeability condition at home and abroad when injecting gas.
Gas-water alternative drive is a kind of effective method of improving oil recovery, and it can reduce the residual oil saturation of water flooding reservoir, improve displacement efficiency of oil, and improve the volume sweep efficiency of CO_2 at the same time. According to CO_2-water alternative drive experiment of low permeability reservoirs of Fang 48 block, this article gives out the following parameters which are measured at the different conditions of CO_2-water alternative drive, such as CO_2-water alternative drive recovery, breakthrough time of gas, the renew rate, the oil gas oil ratio of production, the ability of gas injection and so on. In this experiment, we confirmed the best injection parameters (alternate proportion, alternating slug, injection rate and injection intensity), and compared it with CO_2 drive. The experiment shows that the ratio of water and gas in the CO_2-water alternative drive is 1:1, and the size of slug is one-tenth of pore volume, and the effect of oil displacement is best at the time that the rate of injection rate is 1.14cm~3/min, and the soonner the time of gas-water alternative drive, the effect of it is the better.
The recovery efficiency of CO_2-water alternative drive is higher than CO_2 drive, so choose CO_2-water alternative drive firstly when conduct CO_2 drive.
水气交替驱工艺是一种提高油气采收率的有效方法,能降低水驱过的油层残余油饱和度,提高驱油效率,同时提高CO_2的体积波及系数。本文针对芳48区块低渗透油藏进行CO_2/水交替驱实验,测定了不同条件下CO_2/水交替驱的采收率、气体突破时间、换油率、生产气油比、注气能力等参数。确定最佳的注入参数(交替比例、交替段塞、注入速度、注入强度),并与CO_2驱进行对比。实验结果表明:CO_2/水交替驱的水气比为1:1、段塞为0.1PV,注入速度为1.14cm~3/min时驱油效果最好,水气交替驱时机越早越好。
CO_2/水交替驱采收率高于CO_2驱最终采收率,因此,在进行CO_2驱时,应首选水气交替驱。
Fang 48 block is typical of low permeability reservoirs, which has the low starting pressure, high viscosity, the low displacement efficiency, and the poor water intake ability. In order to develop the reservoir effectively and reasonably, the paper carries on the feasibility of CO_2-water alternative drive through experimental method and simulate the layer actual situation on the basis of the sufficient survey about low permeability features and the low permeability condition at home and abroad when injecting gas.
Gas-water alternative drive is a kind of effective method of improving oil recovery, and it can reduce the residual oil saturation of water flooding reservoir, improve displacement efficiency of oil, and improve the volume sweep efficiency of CO_2 at the same time. According to CO_2-water alternative drive experiment of low permeability reservoirs of Fang 48 block, this article gives out the following parameters which are measured at the different conditions of CO_2-water alternative drive, such as CO_2-water alternative drive recovery, breakthrough time of gas, the renew rate, the oil gas oil ratio of production, the ability of gas injection and so on. In this experiment, we confirmed the best injection parameters (alternate proportion, alternating slug, injection rate and injection intensity), and compared it with CO_2 drive. The experiment shows that the ratio of water and gas in the CO_2-water alternative drive is 1:1, and the size of slug is one-tenth of pore volume, and the effect of oil displacement is best at the time that the rate of injection rate is 1.14cm~3/min, and the soonner the time of gas-water alternative drive, the effect of it is the better.
The recovery efficiency of CO_2-water alternative drive is higher than CO_2 drive, so choose CO_2-water alternative drive firstly when conduct CO_2 drive.
引文
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[2]苏尔古伊耶夫ΜЛ.低渗透油田开发的问题和原则[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993,136-138.
[3]严衡文,周培珍,皮广农.冀东地区南堡潜山带深层储集性能评价研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:32-40.
[4]唐曾熊.油气藏的开发分类及描述[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994,75-91.
[5]李道品,罗迪强,刘雨芬,等.低渗透砂岩油田开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997:352-355.
[6]李道品,罗迪强,刘雨芬.低渗透油田的概念及其在我国的分布[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1998:1-10.
[7] SY/T62852-1997,油气储层评价方法[S].北京:中国石油天然气总公司,1998.
[8]赵靖舟,吴少波,武富礼.论低渗透储层的分类与评价标准[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):28-31.
[9]何琰,伍友佳,吴念胜.特低渗透油藏开发技术[J].钻采工艺,1999,22(2):20-23.
[10]李士伦,周守信,杜建芬,等.国内外注气提高石油采收率技术回顾与展望[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(2):236-251.
[11]刘华,张宁生,王志伟,等.低渗透油田提高采收率发展现状[J].钻采工艺,2004,27(4):38-40.
[12]蒲美玲.低渗透油气藏改造技术研究进展[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,2:315-317.
[13]王建业,陈道学,杨汉林.特低渗透油藏高效开发技术[J].内蒙古石油化工,2003,29:119-120.
[14] Gentzis T Subsurface seque stration of carbon dioxide-anoverview froman Alberta Canada perspective [J].Internationa Journal of Coal Geology,2000,43(2):94-98.
[15] Grig g B,Zeng Zhengwen,Laxman V.Bethapudi.Comparison of Non~Darcy Flow of CO_2 and N2 in a Carbonate RockReid[C].SPE 89471,2004.
[16]张炜,李义连.CO_2储存技术的研究现状和展望[J].环境污染与防治,2006,28(12):950-953.
[17]刘宝明,何家雄,夏斌.国内外CO_2研究现状及发展趋势[J].天然气地球科学, 2004, 15(4):412-416.
[18] S.Tanaka,T Hakuta,H.Haino.Possible contribution of carbon dioxide flooding to global environmental issues[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1992,33(2):587-593.
[19]陈巍编译.在解决全球性气候变暖问题中石油业将起重要作用[J].国外油田工程, 2006,22(9):39-40.
[20]缪明富,彭子成,钟国利.利用CO_2资源提高气田开发效益[J].石油与天然气化工, 2005,34(6):470-481.
[21] Charles Tarnocai. The effect of climate change on carbon in Canadian peatlands[J].Global and Planetary Change,2006,53(4):222-232.
[22]杨帆,李治平.油田绿色开采技术-CO_2驱油[J].内蒙古石油化工,2007,2:131-133.
[23] Betty J . FeLber . Selected U S.Department of Energy EOR Technology Applications[C].SPE 89452,2004.
[24] Semere Solomon,Michael Carpenter,Todd Allyn Flach.Intermediate storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations:A technical perspective[J].International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control,2008,5:20
[25] M.R.Islam,A.Chakma.Storage and utilization of CO_2 in petroleum reservoirs-A simulation study[J].Energy Conversion and Management,1993,34(5):1205-1212.
[26]马涛,汤达祯,蒋平,等.注CO_2提高采收率技术现状[J].油田化学,2007,24(4) :379-383.
[27]刘新,钟显东,秦佳,等.国内外混相气驱提高采收率技术[J].中外科技情报.2006(20):20-32.
[28] Mohammed-Singh,Lorna J.,Ashok K.Lessons From Trinidads CO_2 Immiscible Pilot Projects 1973-2003[C].SPE89364,2005.
[29]曾贤辉,王进安,张清正,等.文188块氮气驱室内实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2001,8(1):59-61.
[30]李士伦,郭平,戴磊,等.发展注气提高采收率技术[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,8(3):41-45.
[31] Qamar M.Malik , M.R.Islam.CO_2 Injection in the Weyburn Field of Canada : Optimization of Enhanced Oil Recovery and Greenhouse Gas Storage With Horizontal Wells[C].SPE 59327,2000.
[32] F.Jay Schempf,孙瑛璇译.美国不断推广应用CO_2驱提高采收率技术[J].国外油田工程,2005,5:15,51.
[33]А.А.Фаткуллин,张威,王晶译.注气法在开采难采储量中的作用[J].国外油田工程,2000,18:6-8.
[34] Moritis G.Special report enhanced oil recovery [J].Oil &Gas Journal,2002,8:53-65.
[35]凌建军,黄鹏.非混相CO_2开采稠油[J].油气采收率技术,1996,3 (2):13 -18.
[36]王福勇,王宏宇.注CO_2提高原油采收率技术[J].国外石油地质,1997,19 (2):55-61.
[37] Issever K.莫增敏,石家雄译.非混相CO_2驱提高重油采收率[J].国外油田工程,2001,1:7-11.
[38]谈士海,张文正.非混相CO_2驱油在油田增产中的应用[J].石油钻探技术,2001,29(2):58-60.
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