曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺处理城市污水的中试研究与改进
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摘要
进行了曝气生物滤池(BAF)国产滤料的比选、单级上向流和下向流BAF处理城市污水的性能试验等研究，并在此基础上开发出组合式曝气生物滤池(CBAF)工艺。试验结果表明，CBAF工艺处理城市污水具有优良的去除污染物能力，SS、COD_(Cr)、氨氮、TN平均去除率分别为96.4％、82.5％、98.2％、63.4％，平均出水浓度分别为4.9mg／L、46.4mg／L、0.5mg／L、14.5mg／L，各指标均满足GB18918-2002中一级A标准(回用)要求，而且该工艺抗水力负荷、有机物负荷冲击能力很强。将一级上向流滤池下部高负荷段设置单独的反冲洗，不仅可以节省6.7％的用水量和16.7％的供气量，而且有利于提高系统稳定性。还进行了有关机理探讨，通过试验建立三种降解污染物的数学模型。认为较佳的工艺组合是化学强化一级沉淀(CEPS)+CBAF流程。通过技术经济比较，得出CBAF工艺具有投资省、占地少、出水水质好、运行费用低、自动化程度高等诸多优点，是一种非常适合于我国国情的城市污水处理革新替代工艺。
The comparison and selection of homemade biological aerated filter's media and the experimentation of the domestic sewerage treatment by single upflow and downflow biological aerated filter(BAF) were studied. On the basis of these, the combined biological aerated filter(CBAF) was exploit. The result of the domestic sewerage treatment by CBAF showed that the effect was wonderful. The average removal percent for SS, CODCr, NH4+ ~ N and TN was 96.4%, 82.5%, 98.2% and 63.4%, respectively. The average effluent concentration for SS, CODCr, NH4+ - N and TN was 4.9mg/L, 46.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 14.5mg/L, respectively. These effluent concentrations all can meet the requirement of first Class A of the national discharge standards(GB18918 - 2002), moreover, the capacity for absorbing hydraulic and organic shock loading was excellent. If the lower section of the first filter which the loading was higher was backwashed singly, the requirement of backwashing water and gas should be saved 6.7% and 16.7%, respectively, and the stability of whole procee should be enhanced. Some mechanisms were discussed and three mathematical modellings were designed by experimentations. The process connecting CEPS with CBAF should be rational. With the comparing of economy of technology, many advantages of CBAF process were summed up: low investment and running cost, small footprint size, good effluent quality, automated operation etc. . This process were very adapt to the situation of our country and could be an ideal alternative for upgading existing domestic wastewater treatment processes.
The comparison and selection of homemade biological aerated filter's media and the experimentation of the domestic sewerage treatment by single upflow and downflow biological aerated filter(BAF) were studied. On the basis of these, the combined biological aerated filter(CBAF) was exploit. The result of the domestic sewerage treatment by CBAF showed that the effect was wonderful. The average removal percent for SS, CODCr, NH4+ ~ N and TN was 96.4%, 82.5%, 98.2% and 63.4%, respectively. The average effluent concentration for SS, CODCr, NH4+ - N and TN was 4.9mg/L, 46.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 14.5mg/L, respectively. These effluent concentrations all can meet the requirement of first Class A of the national discharge standards(GB18918 - 2002), moreover, the capacity for absorbing hydraulic and organic shock loading was excellent. If the lower section of the first filter which the loading was higher was backwashed singly, the requirement of backwashing water and gas should be saved 6.7% and 16.7%, respectively, and the stability of whole procee should be enhanced. Some mechanisms were discussed and three mathematical modellings were designed by experimentations. The process connecting CEPS with CBAF should be rational. With the comparing of economy of technology, many advantages of CBAF process were summed up: low investment and running cost, small footprint size, good effluent quality, automated operation etc. . This process were very adapt to the situation of our country and could be an ideal alternative for upgading existing domestic wastewater treatment processes.
引文
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[8] R. Pujol et al. A keypoint of nitrification in an upflow biofiltration reactor[J]. Wat, Sci. Tech.,1998,38(3):43～49
[9] 李汝琪等，曝气生物滤池处理生活污水试验[J]．环境科学，1999，20(5)：69～71
[10] 李亚新等，生物曝气滤池处理生活污水工艺特性研究[J]．给水排水，2001，27(9)：31-33
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[14] 马军等，曝气生物滤池中的亚硝酸盐积累及其影响因子[J]．环境科学，2003，24(1)：84～90
[15] M. Payraudeau et al. Experience with an up-flow biological aerated filter(BAF) for tertiary treatment: from poilt trials to full scale implementation[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech.,2001,44(2～3):63～68
[16] P. C. Chui et al. performance of a partly aerated biofilter in the removal of nitrogen[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech., 1996,34(1～2): 187～194
[17] M. Boller et al. Effect of transient nutrient concentrations in tertiary biofilm reactors[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech. ,1997,36(1):101～109
[18] H. Horn et al. Simulation of tertiary denitrification with methand in an upflow bilfilter [J]. Wat. Sci. Tech. ,2000,41 (4～5): 185～190
[19] Kent T. D. et al. Testing of biological aerated filter(BAF) media[J]. Wat. Sci. Tech., 1996,34(3～4): 363～370
[20] Allan Mann et al. A comparison of floating and sunken media biological filters for nitrification[J]. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 1998,72(3):273～279
[21] Allan T. et al. Performance of floating and sunken media biological aerated filters under unsteady state condition[J]. Wat. Res., 1999,33(4):1108～1113
[22] R. E. Moore et al. Assessing the potential of foamed clay as a biological aerated filter (BAF) medium[J]. Biotech. Lett., 1999,21 (7):589～593
[23] R. E. Moore et al. The effects of media size on the performance of biological aerated filters[J]. Wat. Res., 2001,35(10):2514～2522
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