低渗砂岩油藏高含水期注气开发机理研究
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摘要
近年随着我国陆上大部分油田开发程度的逐步深化和新发现低渗透储量的大幅度增加,深化研究和配套完善低渗透油藏有效提高采收率矿场应用技术,已成为我国陆上石油工业持续稳定发展的一项重大战略任务。目前国内外低渗透油藏的提高采收率技术难度较大,矿场成功开发的实例少见,其中低渗砂岩油藏高含水阶段注气开发技术的研究由于缺乏成熟的理论方法和技术思路更是空白。本文以吐哈温米油田温西三区块为例,综合应用室内仿真物理模拟手段,结合油藏工程和数值模拟理论和方法,系统认识了注气开发机理和气驱油特征规律,建立了注气有效流度调控和注气关键参数优化方法,提出了一套完整的注气提高采收率技术思路和研究方法。主要研究成果为：
1.从理论上研究了低渗砂岩油藏注气开发的微观和宏观驱替机理。混相驱替的基本机理是驱替剂和被驱替剂在油藏条件下形成混相,消除界面,使多孔介质中的毛细管力降至零,从而降低因毛管效应产生毛细管滞留所圈闭原油的残余油饱和度；非混相主要驱替机理是体积膨胀、粘度降低和重力分异作用；储层非均质性和油藏流体的配伍性均会对注气驱油效率产生影响。
2.利用细管驱替实验获得了温西三区块气藏气的最小混相压力为33.96Mpa,前沿气的最小混相压力为33.OOMpa,前沿气驱的最小混相压力比气藏气驱低0.96Mpa,驱油效率则高3.88%,注入气的富化程度对混相压力和驱油效率有较大影响。
3.通过油气多次接触实验认识了温西三区块注气机理是以蒸发作用为主的蒸发／凝析双重组份传质作用机理,采出气中间组成呈现出先下降然后又升高的趋势；不论是混相驱还是非混相驱均存在油气相间传质带,传质带的大小决定了注气驱油效率的高低。
4.采用正交实验设计方法和仿真物理参数模拟耦合,确定了温西三区块采用气水交替非混相驱替方式可以有效抑制注入气体提前突破,注入气体组成对应的拟临界温度为213.25K,合理注入气段塞尺寸为0.025HCPV,气水比1：1,累积注气段塞达到0.25HCPV。
5.温西三区块注气提高采收率方案整体依托现有注采井网,采用顶部注气、边部注水的注气井部署和气水交替非混相驱替方式,气水交替周期6个月,区块日注气量29.49×104m3,数值模拟预测注气提高采收率6.52%,累积增油量86.6×104t。
本文研究成果已用于吐哈油田二次开发注气提高采收率前期研究。应用结果表明：本文研究方法可靠,实用性强,具有可操作性,实施后将为油田带来良好的经济效益。同时,本文针对低渗砂岩油藏高含水期注气提高采收率技术的研究思路和方法将为我国其它地区同类型油藏的开发研究提供一定的借鉴和理论指导意义。
In recent years, along With the deepening development degree gradually and neW reserves increasing substantially for loW permeability reservoirs in most onshore oilfields in our country, further research and perfect supporting application technologies for Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) effectively in loW permeability reservoir has become a major strategic task for sustainable development in China's continental petroleum industry. At present, big challenges for EOR in loW permeability reservoirs both at home and abroad, and rare successful cases for oil development on field, Which accounts for the research regarding on the gas injection development technology for loW permeability sandstone reservoir in high Water cut stage is still blank due to lack of mature theory and technical ideas. In this paper, taking Wenxi Block3in Wenmi Oilfield in Tuha Oilfield Company as an example, an indoor simulating physical simulation Was applied integrated, combining the theories and approaches of reservoir engineering and numerical simulation, the development mechanism of gas injection and characteristics of gas flooding had been understood systemically, so that, effective gas injection mobility control and key parameter optimization Were established. Finally, a complete set of technology idea and research method for EOR in loW permeability reservoir by gas injection Were proposed. The main research results are shoWn as belloW:
1.This dissertation Was focused on studying the micro and macro displacement mechanism for loW permeability sandstone reservoir by gas injection. The basic mechanism of miscible flooding is that the displacement agent and displaced agent form miscible under the condition of the reservoir, so as to eliminate an interface, the capillary force in porous medium drops off to be zero, consequently, the residual oil saturation of crude oil trapped by capillary retention due to capillary effect is reduced. While the main displacement mechanism of immiscible flooding is of volume expansion, viscosity reduction and gravity differentiation. The heterogeneity of the reservoir and the compatibility of the reservoir fluid may effect on gas displacement efficiency of gas injection.
2.The minimum miscible pressure (MMP) of the gas in gas reservoir is determined as33.96Mpa in Wenxi Block3through the slim displacement experiment, and the MMP of front gas is33.00Mpa. Comparing to gas driven by gas of gas reservoir, the MMP of the front gas drive is0.96Mpa lower, but its oil displacement efficiency is3.88%higher. The enrichment degree of injected gas has a great effect on miscible pressure and oil displacement efficiency.
3.It is understand through oil and gas multi-contact experiment that the displacement mechanism of gas injection in Wenxi Block3presented a double component mass transfer mechanism of evaporation/condensate Which the evaporation effect Was dominated. The middle composition of produced gas shoWed the trend of decreasing first and then rising; Whether for miscible flooding or immiscible flooding, there Was a mass transfer zone for oil and gas alternating. The oil displacement efficiency of gas injection Was subjected to the area of the mass transfer zone.
4.By adopting the simulation coupling of orthogonal experimental design and simulation physical parameter, the approach of Water alternating gas (WAG) of immiscible flooding Was determined for Wenxi Block3, Which could restrain the injected gas to be breakthrough in advance effectively. The parameters featured With an initiate critical temperature corresponding injected gas composition of213.25K, a reasonable injected gas slug size of0.025HCPV, gas-Water ratio of1:1and cumulative gas injection slug reaching to0.25HCPV as Well.
5.The program for Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) by gas injection in WenXi Block3overall relied on the existing injector-producer Well pattern. The deployment of gas injection Wells Were designed With top gas injection and Water injection from the edge in the Block, and immiscible flooding Was taken as the displacement mode by Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection Which sWitch period Was six (6) months.The daily gas injection volume for the Block Was about29.49×104m3. It predicted that oil recovery Will be enhanced6.52%by gas injection and cumulative incremental oil production Will be86.64×104t according to numerical simulation.
The research fruits have been used in the preliminary study for EOR by gas injection in the secondary development campaign in Tuha Oilfield Company. The application results shoWed that the research methods are characteristic With reliable, practical and operable, and Will get good economic benefits for Oilfield after implementation. Mean While, the research ideas and the approaches described in the dissertation for EOR by gas injection are used especially for loW permeability sandstone reservoir in high Water cut period. It is significant for the reference and theoretical guidance to the development and research of similar reservoirs in other areas in our country.
1.从理论上研究了低渗砂岩油藏注气开发的微观和宏观驱替机理。混相驱替的基本机理是驱替剂和被驱替剂在油藏条件下形成混相,消除界面,使多孔介质中的毛细管力降至零,从而降低因毛管效应产生毛细管滞留所圈闭原油的残余油饱和度；非混相主要驱替机理是体积膨胀、粘度降低和重力分异作用；储层非均质性和油藏流体的配伍性均会对注气驱油效率产生影响。
2.利用细管驱替实验获得了温西三区块气藏气的最小混相压力为33.96Mpa,前沿气的最小混相压力为33.OOMpa,前沿气驱的最小混相压力比气藏气驱低0.96Mpa,驱油效率则高3.88%,注入气的富化程度对混相压力和驱油效率有较大影响。
3.通过油气多次接触实验认识了温西三区块注气机理是以蒸发作用为主的蒸发／凝析双重组份传质作用机理,采出气中间组成呈现出先下降然后又升高的趋势；不论是混相驱还是非混相驱均存在油气相间传质带,传质带的大小决定了注气驱油效率的高低。
4.采用正交实验设计方法和仿真物理参数模拟耦合,确定了温西三区块采用气水交替非混相驱替方式可以有效抑制注入气体提前突破,注入气体组成对应的拟临界温度为213.25K,合理注入气段塞尺寸为0.025HCPV,气水比1：1,累积注气段塞达到0.25HCPV。
5.温西三区块注气提高采收率方案整体依托现有注采井网,采用顶部注气、边部注水的注气井部署和气水交替非混相驱替方式,气水交替周期6个月,区块日注气量29.49×104m3,数值模拟预测注气提高采收率6.52%,累积增油量86.6×104t。
本文研究成果已用于吐哈油田二次开发注气提高采收率前期研究。应用结果表明：本文研究方法可靠,实用性强,具有可操作性,实施后将为油田带来良好的经济效益。同时,本文针对低渗砂岩油藏高含水期注气提高采收率技术的研究思路和方法将为我国其它地区同类型油藏的开发研究提供一定的借鉴和理论指导意义。
In recent years, along With the deepening development degree gradually and neW reserves increasing substantially for loW permeability reservoirs in most onshore oilfields in our country, further research and perfect supporting application technologies for Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) effectively in loW permeability reservoir has become a major strategic task for sustainable development in China's continental petroleum industry. At present, big challenges for EOR in loW permeability reservoirs both at home and abroad, and rare successful cases for oil development on field, Which accounts for the research regarding on the gas injection development technology for loW permeability sandstone reservoir in high Water cut stage is still blank due to lack of mature theory and technical ideas. In this paper, taking Wenxi Block3in Wenmi Oilfield in Tuha Oilfield Company as an example, an indoor simulating physical simulation Was applied integrated, combining the theories and approaches of reservoir engineering and numerical simulation, the development mechanism of gas injection and characteristics of gas flooding had been understood systemically, so that, effective gas injection mobility control and key parameter optimization Were established. Finally, a complete set of technology idea and research method for EOR in loW permeability reservoir by gas injection Were proposed. The main research results are shoWn as belloW:
1.This dissertation Was focused on studying the micro and macro displacement mechanism for loW permeability sandstone reservoir by gas injection. The basic mechanism of miscible flooding is that the displacement agent and displaced agent form miscible under the condition of the reservoir, so as to eliminate an interface, the capillary force in porous medium drops off to be zero, consequently, the residual oil saturation of crude oil trapped by capillary retention due to capillary effect is reduced. While the main displacement mechanism of immiscible flooding is of volume expansion, viscosity reduction and gravity differentiation. The heterogeneity of the reservoir and the compatibility of the reservoir fluid may effect on gas displacement efficiency of gas injection.
2.The minimum miscible pressure (MMP) of the gas in gas reservoir is determined as33.96Mpa in Wenxi Block3through the slim displacement experiment, and the MMP of front gas is33.00Mpa. Comparing to gas driven by gas of gas reservoir, the MMP of the front gas drive is0.96Mpa lower, but its oil displacement efficiency is3.88%higher. The enrichment degree of injected gas has a great effect on miscible pressure and oil displacement efficiency.
3.It is understand through oil and gas multi-contact experiment that the displacement mechanism of gas injection in Wenxi Block3presented a double component mass transfer mechanism of evaporation/condensate Which the evaporation effect Was dominated. The middle composition of produced gas shoWed the trend of decreasing first and then rising; Whether for miscible flooding or immiscible flooding, there Was a mass transfer zone for oil and gas alternating. The oil displacement efficiency of gas injection Was subjected to the area of the mass transfer zone.
4.By adopting the simulation coupling of orthogonal experimental design and simulation physical parameter, the approach of Water alternating gas (WAG) of immiscible flooding Was determined for Wenxi Block3, Which could restrain the injected gas to be breakthrough in advance effectively. The parameters featured With an initiate critical temperature corresponding injected gas composition of213.25K, a reasonable injected gas slug size of0.025HCPV, gas-Water ratio of1:1and cumulative gas injection slug reaching to0.25HCPV as Well.
5.The program for Enhancing Oil Recovery (EOR) by gas injection in WenXi Block3overall relied on the existing injector-producer Well pattern. The deployment of gas injection Wells Were designed With top gas injection and Water injection from the edge in the Block, and immiscible flooding Was taken as the displacement mode by Water Alternating Gas (WAG) injection Which sWitch period Was six (6) months.The daily gas injection volume for the Block Was about29.49×104m3. It predicted that oil recovery Will be enhanced6.52%by gas injection and cumulative incremental oil production Will be86.64×104t according to numerical simulation.
The research fruits have been used in the preliminary study for EOR by gas injection in the secondary development campaign in Tuha Oilfield Company. The application results shoWed that the research methods are characteristic With reliable, practical and operable, and Will get good economic benefits for Oilfield after implementation. Mean While, the research ideas and the approaches described in the dissertation for EOR by gas injection are used especially for loW permeability sandstone reservoir in high Water cut period. It is significant for the reference and theoretical guidance to the development and research of similar reservoirs in other areas in our country.
引文
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