萨北油田特高含水期原油低温集输及处理工艺研究
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摘要
萨北油田开发建设经历了一次加密调整、二次加密调整、三次加密井建设,由于当时油井产液含水、温度较低,且原油的粘度高、凝点高、含蜡量高,地理位置处于严寒地区,给原油集输增加了困难。为了保证原油的正常集输,设计时采用了双管掺热水保温,热水洗井清蜡的常规掺水流程。随着萨北油田现进入高含水开发后期,油井采出液综合含水率已达到90%以上。采出液含水率的不断升高,油井产水量上升,集输系统耗气及耗电呈上升趋势,加之水的热容量比原油的热容量大,导致双管掺水集油工艺的能耗不断上升。同时由于采出液的水力特性和乳化特性等均发生变化,其掺水温度、掺水量等技术界限也发生变化,按照原有的集输技术界限运行的集油方式造成了大量能源的浪费。为了控制集输能耗,降低生产成本,对油井低温集输技术界限进行研究并应用于生产中是十分必要的
本文试验研究了利用萨北油田高含水原油集输特性,开展了一系列室内试验及现场试验研究,在优化集输工艺,降低集输能耗方面取得了一定的成果,研究出一套从井口到计量间、转油站、联合站的低温油气集输油气集输工艺运行方式,并摸索出各系统在低温运行工况下的运行参数及界限,以及低温运行工况下各系统配套工艺技术,为今后油田大规模推广及新油田开发工艺规划设计提供技术参考。
该项试验研究成果,有效降低了油田生产能耗的上升趋势。截至2009年底,萨北油田在运的近3000口油井中,全部实现夏季掺掺常温水,掺水炉全部停运。冬季掺低温水,掺水炉运行数量减少2/3左右,油气集输系统生产加热及处理温度大幅度降低,通过能耗的降低,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。
North Saertu oilfield development construction experienced the first infilled adjustment, the second infilled adjustment and the third infilled adjustment. Since low contained water and low temperature of oil well production fluid , high viscosity, high freezing point and high contenting wax of crude oil, and the geographical position in cold region, it was more difficult in gathering and transporting crude oil at that time.In order to guarantee the normal gathering and transporting crude oil, we adopted the conventional blending process of double-tube mixing hot water thermal insulation and hot water washing well and clearing wax.As North Saertu oilfield Pizza have entered high water late development period now, oil production fluid comprehensive water content has reached more than 90%.The water content of production fluid is rising, the water production amount of oil well is rising, the gas and electricity consumption of gathering and transporting system is the increasing trend, and the heat capacity of water is higher than the heat capacity of crude oil. These cause that the energy consumption of double-tube blending and oiling process is increasing. At the same time, as the hydraulic characteristics and emulsion properties of production fluid changed, and its technology boundary, such as temperature and amount of water blending, changed too, it must cause a waste of energy if we run the mode of oil according to the original gathering and transporting technology boundary. In order to control the gathering and transporting energy consumption and reduce production cost, it is very necessary that we research low temperature gathering and transporting technology boundaries and applicat them in production.
This paper studied the gathering and transporting characteristic of North Saertu oilfield high water crude oil, developed a series of indoor and field researches, made some achievements in optimizing gathering and transporting technology and reducing the energy consumption of gathering and transporting, got an operation mode of low temperature oil and gas gathering and transporting process from well-head to metering station , transfer station and joint station, and found the operation parameters and boundary for every system in the low temperature operation conditions and supporting technology for every system in the low temperature operation conditions. These can provides technical references for future large-scale promotion in oil field and for planning and designing in new oil field development process.
The research results effectively reduce the production consumption rising trend of oilfield. By the end of 2009, there were about 3,000 operating oil Wells in North Saertu oilfield, and we realized that all oil Wells were blended the normal water and blending furnace were stopped in summer, and we realized that all oil Wells were blended the low temperature water and the amount of operating blending furnace reduced about two-thirds in winter. The heating and processing temperature of oil and gas gathering transporting system production decreased greatly. By energy consumption reduction, we have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit.
本文试验研究了利用萨北油田高含水原油集输特性,开展了一系列室内试验及现场试验研究,在优化集输工艺,降低集输能耗方面取得了一定的成果,研究出一套从井口到计量间、转油站、联合站的低温油气集输油气集输工艺运行方式,并摸索出各系统在低温运行工况下的运行参数及界限,以及低温运行工况下各系统配套工艺技术,为今后油田大规模推广及新油田开发工艺规划设计提供技术参考。
该项试验研究成果,有效降低了油田生产能耗的上升趋势。截至2009年底,萨北油田在运的近3000口油井中,全部实现夏季掺掺常温水,掺水炉全部停运。冬季掺低温水,掺水炉运行数量减少2/3左右,油气集输系统生产加热及处理温度大幅度降低,通过能耗的降低,取得了较好的经济效益和社会效益。
North Saertu oilfield development construction experienced the first infilled adjustment, the second infilled adjustment and the third infilled adjustment. Since low contained water and low temperature of oil well production fluid , high viscosity, high freezing point and high contenting wax of crude oil, and the geographical position in cold region, it was more difficult in gathering and transporting crude oil at that time.In order to guarantee the normal gathering and transporting crude oil, we adopted the conventional blending process of double-tube mixing hot water thermal insulation and hot water washing well and clearing wax.As North Saertu oilfield Pizza have entered high water late development period now, oil production fluid comprehensive water content has reached more than 90%.The water content of production fluid is rising, the water production amount of oil well is rising, the gas and electricity consumption of gathering and transporting system is the increasing trend, and the heat capacity of water is higher than the heat capacity of crude oil. These cause that the energy consumption of double-tube blending and oiling process is increasing. At the same time, as the hydraulic characteristics and emulsion properties of production fluid changed, and its technology boundary, such as temperature and amount of water blending, changed too, it must cause a waste of energy if we run the mode of oil according to the original gathering and transporting technology boundary. In order to control the gathering and transporting energy consumption and reduce production cost, it is very necessary that we research low temperature gathering and transporting technology boundaries and applicat them in production.
This paper studied the gathering and transporting characteristic of North Saertu oilfield high water crude oil, developed a series of indoor and field researches, made some achievements in optimizing gathering and transporting technology and reducing the energy consumption of gathering and transporting, got an operation mode of low temperature oil and gas gathering and transporting process from well-head to metering station , transfer station and joint station, and found the operation parameters and boundary for every system in the low temperature operation conditions and supporting technology for every system in the low temperature operation conditions. These can provides technical references for future large-scale promotion in oil field and for planning and designing in new oil field development process.
The research results effectively reduce the production consumption rising trend of oilfield. By the end of 2009, there were about 3,000 operating oil Wells in North Saertu oilfield, and we realized that all oil Wells were blended the normal water and blending furnace were stopped in summer, and we realized that all oil Wells were blended the low temperature water and the amount of operating blending furnace reduced about two-thirds in winter. The heating and processing temperature of oil and gas gathering transporting system production decreased greatly. By energy consumption reduction, we have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit.
引文
1、刘扬,刘晓燕,魏立新,张兰双,庄贵涛.原油集输系统转油站效率及能耗测算[J].油气储运, 2006, (11)
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3、张奎文.原油集输及处理系统节能对策[J].油气田地面工程, 2007, (08)
4、张炘,梁金国,李自力.原油集输系统效益潜能研究[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2007, (08)
5、孙世海,魏开华,刘田.提高原油集输系统效率技术研究[J].油气田地面工程, 2003, (06)
6、张兰双,魏立新,王文秀,刘晓燕.原油集输系统效率计算与能耗分析软件开发[J].油气田地面工程, 2005, (11)
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8、李时宣,李传宪.西峰油田原油集输半径的计算分析[J].油气田地面工程, 2006, (03)
9、龙凤乐,杨肖曦,李松岩.油气集输系统能量分析[J].油气储运, 2005, (12)
10、王顺华,刘波,周彩霞,贾鹤年,辛迎春.原油集输脱水处理工艺的优化[J].油气田地面工程, 2007, (11)
11、王海琴.埋地热油管道变厚度保温层的设计[J]油气储运, 2002,(01)
12、王喜峰.管道总传热系数和当量管径分析[J]油气田地面工程, 2004,(07)
13、崔慧.埋地热油管道总传热系数的研究[J]油气储运, 2005,(12)
14、杨军,钟仕荣,王建华.热油管道不饱和输送工况下总传热系数的取值[J]油气储运, 2006,(03)
15、张友波,李长俊,杨静,周安全.油气混输管流中压降和持液率的影响因素分析[J]天然气勘探与开发, 2005,(01)
16、李恩田,石兆东,丁云辉,王树立.含水原油水力计算[J]管道技术与设备, 2003,(06) .张登庆,李新如,宫敬.石蜡基原油单管常温集输流程研究[J]油气储运, 2005,(04)
17、毕文平,严庆雨,李巧宁.中高含水油井常温输送工艺初探[J]油气田地面工程,2003,(04)
18、Barnea, D. : A unifed model for predicting flow-pattern transitions for the whole range of pipe inclinations, Int .J. Multiphase Flow, 1987, 13(1)
19、Ryan N W, Johnson M M. Transition form Laminar to Turbulent Flow in Pipes .AICHE. J, 1959
20、Hanks R W. A Theory of Laminar Flow Stability .AICHE. J, 1969
21、Froishteter G B Vinogradov G V. The Loss of Laminar Flow of Plastic Disperse Systems Through Circular Pipes .Rheol Acta, 1977, 16(6)
22、Churchill, S. W. : Friction-factor equation spans all fluid-flow regimes, Chem .Eng, 1977, (11)
23、Serghides, T. K. :Estimate friction factor accurately, Chem .Eng, 1984, (3)
24、Dodge D W, Metzner A B. Turbulent Flow of Non-Newtonian Systems .AICHE. J, 1959, (5)
25、Hanks R W. The Laminar - Turbulent Transition for Flow in Pipes, Concentric Annuli, and Parallel Plates .AICHE. J, 1963, 9(1)
2、成志刚,徐树民.原油集输过程中能耗分析[J].浙江化工, 2004, (04)
3、张奎文.原油集输及处理系统节能对策[J].油气田地面工程, 2007, (08)
4、张炘,梁金国,李自力.原油集输系统效益潜能研究[J].内蒙古石油化工, 2007, (08)
5、孙世海,魏开华,刘田.提高原油集输系统效率技术研究[J].油气田地面工程, 2003, (06)
6、张兰双,魏立新,王文秀,刘晓燕.原油集输系统效率计算与能耗分析软件开发[J].油气田地面工程, 2005, (11)
7、李克强.原油集输系统的节能潜力[J].油气田地面工程, 1996, (03)
8、李时宣,李传宪.西峰油田原油集输半径的计算分析[J].油气田地面工程, 2006, (03)
9、龙凤乐,杨肖曦,李松岩.油气集输系统能量分析[J].油气储运, 2005, (12)
10、王顺华,刘波,周彩霞,贾鹤年,辛迎春.原油集输脱水处理工艺的优化[J].油气田地面工程, 2007, (11)
11、王海琴.埋地热油管道变厚度保温层的设计[J]油气储运, 2002,(01)
12、王喜峰.管道总传热系数和当量管径分析[J]油气田地面工程, 2004,(07)
13、崔慧.埋地热油管道总传热系数的研究[J]油气储运, 2005,(12)
14、杨军,钟仕荣,王建华.热油管道不饱和输送工况下总传热系数的取值[J]油气储运, 2006,(03)
15、张友波,李长俊,杨静,周安全.油气混输管流中压降和持液率的影响因素分析[J]天然气勘探与开发, 2005,(01)
16、李恩田,石兆东,丁云辉,王树立.含水原油水力计算[J]管道技术与设备, 2003,(06) .张登庆,李新如,宫敬.石蜡基原油单管常温集输流程研究[J]油气储运, 2005,(04)
17、毕文平,严庆雨,李巧宁.中高含水油井常温输送工艺初探[J]油气田地面工程,2003,(04)
18、Barnea, D. : A unifed model for predicting flow-pattern transitions for the whole range of pipe inclinations, Int .J. Multiphase Flow, 1987, 13(1)
19、Ryan N W, Johnson M M. Transition form Laminar to Turbulent Flow in Pipes .AICHE. J, 1959
20、Hanks R W. A Theory of Laminar Flow Stability .AICHE. J, 1969
21、Froishteter G B Vinogradov G V. The Loss of Laminar Flow of Plastic Disperse Systems Through Circular Pipes .Rheol Acta, 1977, 16(6)
22、Churchill, S. W. : Friction-factor equation spans all fluid-flow regimes, Chem .Eng, 1977, (11)
23、Serghides, T. K. :Estimate friction factor accurately, Chem .Eng, 1984, (3)
24、Dodge D W, Metzner A B. Turbulent Flow of Non-Newtonian Systems .AICHE. J, 1959, (5)
25、Hanks R W. The Laminar - Turbulent Transition for Flow in Pipes, Concentric Annuli, and Parallel Plates .AICHE. J, 1963, 9(1)