填料塔液体分布器对塔内气液两相流动分布影响的研究
|
摘要
随着填料塔技术的发展,有关液体分布器的研究也逐渐深入。近些年来,填料塔的大型化,分离精度要求的提高,填料段数的增加以及更多大比表面积填料的工业应用,对填料塔中液体分布器的分布质量要求越来越高。目前,液体分布器的气液相分布质量评价尚没有统一的标准,相关的研究也相对较少。因此,对液体分布器的气液相分布的研究具有重要意义。
本文对影响液体分布器分布质量的原因进行了初步的探讨,通过对几种典型液体分布器的液相分布质量评价理论的介绍、讨论,并且结合实验验证,总结得出:Perry作图评测法更容易在实际设计中得到应用,并能比较准确的对液体分布质量进行评价。液体分布质量与其分布点布置的几何形状、等面积的不同区域内分布点数量有关,而分布器总分布点的数量并不能完全说明分布质量的高低。
填料塔内气体流动是一个复杂的过程,针对液体分布器气相分布的研究较少,很多实际工况下的气体流动特性测定困难等情况,本文利用计算流体力学软件(Fluent),对不同的气体分布结构,在不同的空塔气速下,对液体分布器的气相分布进行模拟,较好的反应了气体经过分布器后在塔内的分布规律,并通过对各自流场内不同界面的速度分析,揭示了各种气体分布结构的分布效果。其中槽筒式液体分布器由于采用对称的气体分布方式,所以其气体分布效果比较理想。
With the development of the packed column technology, the research about the liquid distributor is progressively in-depth. In recent years, the maximum of packed column, the advancement of segregating accuracy, the increase of packed segments and more applications with the large surface packed column, require high efficiency liquid distributor in the packed column. Now, the distribution quality of liquid distributor on liquid-gas two phase has not standardized, the correlative research on it is relatively less. Thus, in-depth investigation about liquid and gas distribution of the liquid distributor has more important meaning.
In this paper, the reasons effecting distribution quality of liquid distributor is discussed initially, by the introduction and discussion about the several typical liquid distribution quality estimate theory of the liquid distributor, and with the validation from experiments, the result is shown that the Perry method can readily be used practically in design application and estimate correctly the liquid distribution quality. The liquid distribution quality has relationship with the geometry shape of its distribution points and distribution point quantity in the same area of different region, but the whole distribution point quantity can not describe the distribution quality.
The gas flow behavior is complex in packed column, for the reasons that the study about gas phase distribution of liquid distributor is little, and the problems that the gas fluid characteristics is measured difficultly in practical work conditions, the software of computational fluid dynamics (Fluent) is used to simulate gas distribution of liquid distributor in various gas distribution structure and gas speed of empty column, in which, the distribution law of gas passing distributor in the column is presented obviously. Meanwhile, the distribution effect of various gas distribution structure is illustrated by the speed analysis for different interface in respective fluid field. The disk liquid distributor has better gas distribution effect because of is balanced gas distribution manner.
本文对影响液体分布器分布质量的原因进行了初步的探讨,通过对几种典型液体分布器的液相分布质量评价理论的介绍、讨论,并且结合实验验证,总结得出:Perry作图评测法更容易在实际设计中得到应用,并能比较准确的对液体分布质量进行评价。液体分布质量与其分布点布置的几何形状、等面积的不同区域内分布点数量有关,而分布器总分布点的数量并不能完全说明分布质量的高低。
填料塔内气体流动是一个复杂的过程,针对液体分布器气相分布的研究较少,很多实际工况下的气体流动特性测定困难等情况,本文利用计算流体力学软件(Fluent),对不同的气体分布结构,在不同的空塔气速下,对液体分布器的气相分布进行模拟,较好的反应了气体经过分布器后在塔内的分布规律,并通过对各自流场内不同界面的速度分析,揭示了各种气体分布结构的分布效果。其中槽筒式液体分布器由于采用对称的气体分布方式,所以其气体分布效果比较理想。
With the development of the packed column technology, the research about the liquid distributor is progressively in-depth. In recent years, the maximum of packed column, the advancement of segregating accuracy, the increase of packed segments and more applications with the large surface packed column, require high efficiency liquid distributor in the packed column. Now, the distribution quality of liquid distributor on liquid-gas two phase has not standardized, the correlative research on it is relatively less. Thus, in-depth investigation about liquid and gas distribution of the liquid distributor has more important meaning.
In this paper, the reasons effecting distribution quality of liquid distributor is discussed initially, by the introduction and discussion about the several typical liquid distribution quality estimate theory of the liquid distributor, and with the validation from experiments, the result is shown that the Perry method can readily be used practically in design application and estimate correctly the liquid distribution quality. The liquid distribution quality has relationship with the geometry shape of its distribution points and distribution point quantity in the same area of different region, but the whole distribution point quantity can not describe the distribution quality.
The gas flow behavior is complex in packed column, for the reasons that the study about gas phase distribution of liquid distributor is little, and the problems that the gas fluid characteristics is measured difficultly in practical work conditions, the software of computational fluid dynamics (Fluent) is used to simulate gas distribution of liquid distributor in various gas distribution structure and gas speed of empty column, in which, the distribution law of gas passing distributor in the column is presented obviously. Meanwhile, the distribution effect of various gas distribution structure is illustrated by the speed analysis for different interface in respective fluid field. The disk liquid distributor has better gas distribution effect because of is balanced gas distribution manner.
引文
[1]王树楹,现代填料塔技术指南,北京:中国石化出版社,1998.
[2]兰州石油机械研究所,现代塔器技术(第二版),北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[3]袁孝竸,余国琮,填料塔技术的现状与展望,化学工程,1995,23(3):5~14
[4] Fractionation Research Inc,Tray Design Handbook [M] ,北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[5] Moore F and Rukovena F,Liquid and gas distribution in commercial packed towers[J]. Chem plants and process(Europe),1987,8:11~15.
[6] Spiegel L,Correlations of the performance characteristics of the various Mellapak packings,Chicago,Illinois:AICHE Annular Meeting,1990,104: A203~A215.
[7] D.Perry,D.E.Nutter,A.D.HALE,Liquid distribution for optimum packing performance[J],Chem Eng Progs,1990,86(1):30~35.
[8] Spiegel L,A new method to assess liquid distributor quality[J].Chem Eng Proc,2006,45(11):1011~1017.
[9] Spekuljak Z ,Monella H,A new design concept of structured packing column auxiliaries,Chem Eng Technol,1994,17(1):61
[10]丁浩,张雁,俞旭峰,规整填料技术在空气低温精馏中的应用,现代化工,2009,29(10):66~71
[11]王琨,张鹏,刘春江.计算流体力学在填料塔中的应用.天津化工,2004, 18(6):5～8
[12](美)帕坦卡(S.V.Patankar),热与流体流动的数值计算,科学出版社,1990
[13]丁浩精馏塔气相流动分布的CFD模拟及分析[硕士学位论文],天津大学, 2004.
[14]全国化工化学工程设计技术中心站,塔器的工程设计及应用,陕西:陕西人民出版社,2009.
[15]吕志敏,李春忠,丛德滋,环形分布器气体的流动及气流均布,化学工程,2001, 4 (2)
[16]国家医药管理局上海医药设计院,化工工艺设计手册,化学工业出版社, 2001
[17]王少平,曾扬兵等,力学学报,1996,28(3):257
[18]王琨,张鹏,刘春江,计算流体力学在填料塔中的应用,天津化工,2004, 18(6):5～8
[19]曾江涛,干爱华,马双玉等,双列叶片式气体分布器的研究,石油化工设计2009,26(4):16~18
[20]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊,Fluent工程技术与实例分析,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010,
[21]王瑞金,张凯,王刚,Fluent技术基础与应用实例,北京:清华大学出版社2007,
[22]陈江波,刘春江,计算流体力学方法模拟规整填料塔内流体流动行为的研究进展,石油化工,2007,36(9):961~965
[23] M .J.Lockett and J.EBillingham, A Simple Method to Assess the Sensitivity of Packed Distillation Colum ns to Maldistribution, Trans ICHemE, 2002, Vol 80:373~ 382
[24] Albfight M .A.,Packed Tower Distributors Tested, Hydroc.Proc.,1984,63(9): 173~181
[25] Fitz C W,King D W,Kunesh J G.Controlled liquid maldistribution studies on structured packing[J].Trans lust Chem Eng.Pt A,1999,77 (6):482~486.
[2]兰州石油机械研究所,现代塔器技术(第二版),北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[3]袁孝竸,余国琮,填料塔技术的现状与展望,化学工程,1995,23(3):5~14
[4] Fractionation Research Inc,Tray Design Handbook [M] ,北京:中国石化出版社,2005.
[5] Moore F and Rukovena F,Liquid and gas distribution in commercial packed towers[J]. Chem plants and process(Europe),1987,8:11~15.
[6] Spiegel L,Correlations of the performance characteristics of the various Mellapak packings,Chicago,Illinois:AICHE Annular Meeting,1990,104: A203~A215.
[7] D.Perry,D.E.Nutter,A.D.HALE,Liquid distribution for optimum packing performance[J],Chem Eng Progs,1990,86(1):30~35.
[8] Spiegel L,A new method to assess liquid distributor quality[J].Chem Eng Proc,2006,45(11):1011~1017.
[9] Spekuljak Z ,Monella H,A new design concept of structured packing column auxiliaries,Chem Eng Technol,1994,17(1):61
[10]丁浩,张雁,俞旭峰,规整填料技术在空气低温精馏中的应用,现代化工,2009,29(10):66~71
[11]王琨,张鹏,刘春江.计算流体力学在填料塔中的应用.天津化工,2004, 18(6):5～8
[12](美)帕坦卡(S.V.Patankar),热与流体流动的数值计算,科学出版社,1990
[13]丁浩精馏塔气相流动分布的CFD模拟及分析[硕士学位论文],天津大学, 2004.
[14]全国化工化学工程设计技术中心站,塔器的工程设计及应用,陕西:陕西人民出版社,2009.
[15]吕志敏,李春忠,丛德滋,环形分布器气体的流动及气流均布,化学工程,2001, 4 (2)
[16]国家医药管理局上海医药设计院,化工工艺设计手册,化学工业出版社, 2001
[17]王少平,曾扬兵等,力学学报,1996,28(3):257
[18]王琨,张鹏,刘春江,计算流体力学在填料塔中的应用,天津化工,2004, 18(6):5～8
[19]曾江涛,干爱华,马双玉等,双列叶片式气体分布器的研究,石油化工设计2009,26(4):16~18
[20]周俊杰,徐国权,张华俊,Fluent工程技术与实例分析,北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010,
[21]王瑞金,张凯,王刚,Fluent技术基础与应用实例,北京:清华大学出版社2007,
[22]陈江波,刘春江,计算流体力学方法模拟规整填料塔内流体流动行为的研究进展,石油化工,2007,36(9):961~965
[23] M .J.Lockett and J.EBillingham, A Simple Method to Assess the Sensitivity of Packed Distillation Colum ns to Maldistribution, Trans ICHemE, 2002, Vol 80:373~ 382
[24] Albfight M .A.,Packed Tower Distributors Tested, Hydroc.Proc.,1984,63(9): 173~181
[25] Fitz C W,King D W,Kunesh J G.Controlled liquid maldistribution studies on structured packing[J].Trans lust Chem Eng.Pt A,1999,77 (6):482~486.