寒冷地区小型独立住宅低碳化设计研究
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摘要
目前,中国二氧化碳排放量在世界排名第二位,其中有一个事实经常被忽略,它是:建筑业占所有行业氧化碳排放总量比重的几乎达到了50%左右,这一数据比例远远高于我国运输领域和工业领域。同时,根据有关资料统计,全球能源的50%的都用于建筑领域,人类从自然界所获得的多余50%的物质原料也都用于来建造各类建筑和与其相关的附属设施。环境总污染的1/3以上是由建筑业引起的空气污染和光污染以及电磁污染等,人类生活活动所产生的垃圾,其中建筑垃圾占到40%以上。另外,在建筑施工过程中使用的各种资源耗费的能量,如电能、汽油和柴油等都连带有CO2的排放,如煤经过燃烧所产生电能,而且电能或者汽油是运输建筑物材料的唯一动力能源,柴油的燃烧等,而且这些耗能都是非常大的。本文针对我国寒冷地区独立住宅为突破口,在独立住宅的设计基础上,提出了建造微型独立住宅的观点,并且针对寒冷地区建筑的低碳化存在的诸多问题进行解决。寒冷地区由于气候寒冷等原因造成建筑本身的高耗能一直是我国研究的主要课题,建造微型住宅概念的提出不仅弥补了以往独立式住宅造成的大面积的浪费,减少了寒冷地区独立住宅在生产建筑材料、建筑施工、建筑取暖等方面的碳的排放,还在利用建筑屋顶进行绿化形成了生态建筑与自然融为一体的理念。本本为了使微型独立住宅能够更好的适应和建设于北方寒冷的天气,从微型独立住宅的不同功能、不同环境、不同空间、不同材质、不同概念等五个方面阐述,还在太阳能、风能、沼气的等能源的循环利用以及垃圾处理污水处理等方面想出了一系列配套方案,以人类与自然和谐相处为原则使得建筑与建筑环境有机的形成整体,在本文的最后还深刻的揭示出低碳的生活方式引领低碳设计,低碳设计是设计史理念上的重要革命,是一种以生态统一为大前提的设计,是一种可持续性的设计,是一种以健康生活为中心的以人为本的设计。
Currently, carbon dioxide emissions in China ranked second in the world, including a fact often overlooked, it is: the construction industry sectors accounted for the proportion of carbon dioxide emissions reached almost 50%, far more than the data in the field of transport and industry. Meanwhile, according to statistics, 50% of global energy are used for the construction sector, human nature, obtained from the 50% of excess raw materials are also used for the material to build all types of building and associated ancillary facilities. Total environmental pollution, over 1 / 3 caused by the construction of air pollution and light pollution, and electromagnetic pollution, human activities produce waste, which accounts for 40% of construction waste. In addition, the process used in the construction cost of energy resources, such as electricity, gasoline and diesel are all associated with CO2 emissions, such as coal to generate electricity by burning, and energy or fuel is the only transport the building materials power and energy, diesel combustion, and these are very large energy. Of this paper, the independent housing as a breakthrough in cold areas, the independent design house, based on micro-detached house presented the views of the construction and building low-carbon cold regions for the existence of many problems to resolve. Cold areas due to cold weather and other causes of high energy has been building itself is a major subject of study, proposed the construction of the concept of micro-house in the past not only detached houses make up a large area of waste caused by a decrease in the production of single-family homes in cold areas building materials, construction, building heating and other aspects of carbon emissions, is also used for green roof construction to form an ecological concept of building with nature. Books to make micro-detached house and construction to better adapt to the cold weather in the north, from the micro-detached house the different functions, different environments, different space, different materials, different concepts of the five aspects, also solar, wind, energy resources such as biogas and waste recycling sewage treatment and so came up with a series of supporting programs to harmony between mankind and nature makes the principle of organic architecture and the built environment form a whole, in the deep end of the article also reveals the low carbon-carbon leading lifestyle design, low-carbon design is the design of an important revolution in the history of ideas, is a premise of ecological unity of design, is a sustainable design, is a center for healthy living The people-oriented design.
Currently, carbon dioxide emissions in China ranked second in the world, including a fact often overlooked, it is: the construction industry sectors accounted for the proportion of carbon dioxide emissions reached almost 50%, far more than the data in the field of transport and industry. Meanwhile, according to statistics, 50% of global energy are used for the construction sector, human nature, obtained from the 50% of excess raw materials are also used for the material to build all types of building and associated ancillary facilities. Total environmental pollution, over 1 / 3 caused by the construction of air pollution and light pollution, and electromagnetic pollution, human activities produce waste, which accounts for 40% of construction waste. In addition, the process used in the construction cost of energy resources, such as electricity, gasoline and diesel are all associated with CO2 emissions, such as coal to generate electricity by burning, and energy or fuel is the only transport the building materials power and energy, diesel combustion, and these are very large energy. Of this paper, the independent housing as a breakthrough in cold areas, the independent design house, based on micro-detached house presented the views of the construction and building low-carbon cold regions for the existence of many problems to resolve. Cold areas due to cold weather and other causes of high energy has been building itself is a major subject of study, proposed the construction of the concept of micro-house in the past not only detached houses make up a large area of waste caused by a decrease in the production of single-family homes in cold areas building materials, construction, building heating and other aspects of carbon emissions, is also used for green roof construction to form an ecological concept of building with nature. Books to make micro-detached house and construction to better adapt to the cold weather in the north, from the micro-detached house the different functions, different environments, different space, different materials, different concepts of the five aspects, also solar, wind, energy resources such as biogas and waste recycling sewage treatment and so came up with a series of supporting programs to harmony between mankind and nature makes the principle of organic architecture and the built environment form a whole, in the deep end of the article also reveals the low carbon-carbon leading lifestyle design, low-carbon design is the design of an important revolution in the history of ideas, is a premise of ecological unity of design, is a sustainable design, is a center for healthy living The people-oriented design.
引文
[1]什么是低碳.低碳解释和意思---新华环保_新华网
[2]低碳建筑的概念及其含义---词语.百度网
[1]数据资料百度网
[2]顾朝林、谭纵波、韩春强.气候变化与低碳城市规划,第13页
[1]朱昌廉.住宅建筑设计原理,第152页
[2]朱昌廉.住宅建筑设计原理,第213页
[1]低碳的概念百度文库
[2]2010年政府工作报告
[3]互联网:中国低碳第一门户
[4]低碳生活的含义,百度文库
[1]李砚祖.艺术设计概论,第253页
[2]戎戒.今天你“低碳”了吗
1朱慧明.绿色低碳建筑的意义及其发展现状中国新技术新产品,2010(8)
2.刘柳.20世纪五十到七十年代广州住宅建筑的防热分析.广州大学,2006
3.杨捷西.夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑室内物理环境质量研究.安建筑科技大学,2005
4.祝金良.建筑节能设计探讨.山西建筑,2007
5.刘嘉资.贝丁顿生态村的“低碳”启示源再生,2010年3期
6.赵泽霞.试论建筑设计中的节能设计.中国住宅设施.2009(8)
7.宋江渝.建筑节能设计探讨.浙江建筑,2006(6)
8.戎戒.今天你“低碳”了吗.科学与文化,2010年(3)
9.刘涛.住宅空间模式系统研究——我国城市小户型住宅空间模式研究.湖北工业大学,2007
10.英国新型社区“贝丁顿零能耗发展”生态村.精神文明导刊,2010年(3)
11.张宏艳.营造一个绿色的空间——室内设计中的绿色设计.南方论刊,2006
12.陈硕.建筑零耗能技术运用,2009
13.任乃鑫,蒋文杰,许佳.低碳建筑设计理念,2010
14.倪燕君.非设计设计非专业设计的实践与价值研究.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,2008
15.何人可,唐啸,黄晶慧.基于低技术的可持续设计.装饰,2009(8)
16.张利.建筑的技术态度.装饰,2009(8)
17.方涵.“低碳经济”概述及其在中国的发展.经济视角,2009
18.李启明、欧晓星.低碳建筑概念及其发展分析.建筑经济,2010(2)
19.赵黛青、张哺、蔡国田.低碳建筑的发展路径研究.建筑经济,2010(2)
20.邹晓周、曲菲.绿色节能主义之低碳建筑.节能战略与政策,2009(4)
21.粟庆.低碳住宅——建筑实践案例解析.中国新技术新产品,2009年24期;
22.陈冰.英国低碳建筑_综合视角的研究与发展.世界建筑,20102期;
23.周毕文,黄鑫.绿色住宅若干问题研究.北京理工大学管理与经济学院;
24.外墙保温技术在北方住宅的应用.鞍山钢铁学院学报,2002( 04);
25绿色建筑标准与住宅节能与环境设计.住宅产业, 2008 Z1期;
26.江亿.我国建筑节能状况及有效的节能途径.建筑学报,2006[
27.寒冷地区独立式住宅初步分析.哈尔滨工业大学,1975(5)
29.肖歆.探寻中国低碳经济的发展路径.经济师,2009(9)
30.吕秀淼.新型乡村节能住宅研究及能耗分析,2009(4);
31.邢丽.低碳经济范式下能源利用方式转变研究, 2009(6)
32.陈华.寒冷地区住宅建筑采暖节能综合设计与分析, 2004(6)
33.王兵.寒冷地区小城镇住宅节能设计策略研究,2005(1);
34.陈静思.基于绿色理念的寒冷地区住宅节能设计研究,2007(6);
35.吴振荧.北方农村太阳能住宅优化设计及测试分析,2008(1)
36.吴皓俊.寒冷地区农村太阳能住宅研究,2009(6)
37.周春燕.太阳能技术在东北地区农村住宅中的应用策略研究,2006(6);
1.郑署旸.室内设计资料集.中国建筑工业出版社
2段翔.住宅建筑设计原理.高等教育出版社
3.周燕珉.住宅精细化设计,中国建筑工业出版
4.顾朝林、谭纵波、韩春强.气候变化与低碳城市规划.东南大学出版社
5.王大海.居住空间设计.中国电力出版社
6.周琳.东北气候.气象出版社
7.韦爽真.环境艺术设计概论.西南师范大学出版社
8.王大有.人类理想的家园.中国时代经济出版社
9.林其标、林燕、赵维稚.住宅人居环境设计.华南理工大学出版社
10.刘郭桢.中国住宅概说.百花文艺出版社
11.韩国产业文化出版社编.韩国现代建筑-独立住宅建筑.吉林科学技术出版社
12.【美】詹姆斯.格雷森.特鲁洛夫.美国最新别墅设计实录.百通集团出版社
13.【美】James Grayson Trulove.美国新式小住宅设计.机械工业出版社
14【美】James Grayson Trulove .世界独立式小住宅与别墅设计.广东唐艺出版社
[2]低碳建筑的概念及其含义---词语.百度网
[1]数据资料百度网
[2]顾朝林、谭纵波、韩春强.气候变化与低碳城市规划,第13页
[1]朱昌廉.住宅建筑设计原理,第152页
[2]朱昌廉.住宅建筑设计原理,第213页
[1]低碳的概念百度文库
[2]2010年政府工作报告
[3]互联网:中国低碳第一门户
[4]低碳生活的含义,百度文库
[1]李砚祖.艺术设计概论,第253页
[2]戎戒.今天你“低碳”了吗
1朱慧明.绿色低碳建筑的意义及其发展现状中国新技术新产品,2010(8)
2.刘柳.20世纪五十到七十年代广州住宅建筑的防热分析.广州大学,2006
3.杨捷西.夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑室内物理环境质量研究.安建筑科技大学,2005
4.祝金良.建筑节能设计探讨.山西建筑,2007
5.刘嘉资.贝丁顿生态村的“低碳”启示源再生,2010年3期
6.赵泽霞.试论建筑设计中的节能设计.中国住宅设施.2009(8)
7.宋江渝.建筑节能设计探讨.浙江建筑,2006(6)
8.戎戒.今天你“低碳”了吗.科学与文化,2010年(3)
9.刘涛.住宅空间模式系统研究——我国城市小户型住宅空间模式研究.湖北工业大学,2007
10.英国新型社区“贝丁顿零能耗发展”生态村.精神文明导刊,2010年(3)
11.张宏艳.营造一个绿色的空间——室内设计中的绿色设计.南方论刊,2006
12.陈硕.建筑零耗能技术运用,2009
13.任乃鑫,蒋文杰,许佳.低碳建筑设计理念,2010
14.倪燕君.非设计设计非专业设计的实践与价值研究.同济大学建筑与城市规划学院,2008
15.何人可,唐啸,黄晶慧.基于低技术的可持续设计.装饰,2009(8)
16.张利.建筑的技术态度.装饰,2009(8)
17.方涵.“低碳经济”概述及其在中国的发展.经济视角,2009
18.李启明、欧晓星.低碳建筑概念及其发展分析.建筑经济,2010(2)
19.赵黛青、张哺、蔡国田.低碳建筑的发展路径研究.建筑经济,2010(2)
20.邹晓周、曲菲.绿色节能主义之低碳建筑.节能战略与政策,2009(4)
21.粟庆.低碳住宅——建筑实践案例解析.中国新技术新产品,2009年24期;
22.陈冰.英国低碳建筑_综合视角的研究与发展.世界建筑,20102期;
23.周毕文,黄鑫.绿色住宅若干问题研究.北京理工大学管理与经济学院;
24.外墙保温技术在北方住宅的应用.鞍山钢铁学院学报,2002( 04);
25绿色建筑标准与住宅节能与环境设计.住宅产业, 2008 Z1期;
26.江亿.我国建筑节能状况及有效的节能途径.建筑学报,2006[
27.寒冷地区独立式住宅初步分析.哈尔滨工业大学,1975(5)
29.肖歆.探寻中国低碳经济的发展路径.经济师,2009(9)
30.吕秀淼.新型乡村节能住宅研究及能耗分析,2009(4);
31.邢丽.低碳经济范式下能源利用方式转变研究, 2009(6)
32.陈华.寒冷地区住宅建筑采暖节能综合设计与分析, 2004(6)
33.王兵.寒冷地区小城镇住宅节能设计策略研究,2005(1);
34.陈静思.基于绿色理念的寒冷地区住宅节能设计研究,2007(6);
35.吴振荧.北方农村太阳能住宅优化设计及测试分析,2008(1)
36.吴皓俊.寒冷地区农村太阳能住宅研究,2009(6)
37.周春燕.太阳能技术在东北地区农村住宅中的应用策略研究,2006(6);
1.郑署旸.室内设计资料集.中国建筑工业出版社
2段翔.住宅建筑设计原理.高等教育出版社
3.周燕珉.住宅精细化设计,中国建筑工业出版
4.顾朝林、谭纵波、韩春强.气候变化与低碳城市规划.东南大学出版社
5.王大海.居住空间设计.中国电力出版社
6.周琳.东北气候.气象出版社
7.韦爽真.环境艺术设计概论.西南师范大学出版社
8.王大有.人类理想的家园.中国时代经济出版社
9.林其标、林燕、赵维稚.住宅人居环境设计.华南理工大学出版社
10.刘郭桢.中国住宅概说.百花文艺出版社
11.韩国产业文化出版社编.韩国现代建筑-独立住宅建筑.吉林科学技术出版社
12.【美】詹姆斯.格雷森.特鲁洛夫.美国最新别墅设计实录.百通集团出版社
13.【美】James Grayson Trulove.美国新式小住宅设计.机械工业出版社
14【美】James Grayson Trulove .世界独立式小住宅与别墅设计.广东唐艺出版社