基于组合宽角相机低空影像的城市建筑物三维模型构建研究
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摘要
固定轨道的卫星遥感、中高空有人航空摄影和固定翼无人机由于受航高和空间摄影姿态限制(垂直或小角度摄影),仅能获得部分主体建筑的高度信息和顶部纹理信息,难以满足城市建筑物三维数据获取的要求。本文结合新近发展的多传感器集成技术,从低空快速采集城市建筑物三维信息,以满足当前城市建筑物三维模型构建的需要,设计出一套利用无人飞艇载四组合特宽角相机同时实现高精度空中三角测量和建筑物景观三维建模的技术路线。一方面通过基于四相机重叠影像自动匹配的自检校,达到设备轻小型化条件下的精密等效中心投影构像,用以支持高精度空中三角测量;另一方面,通过自检校的四个方向倾斜的相机,达到一次飞行同时获得四方向建筑物侧面影像的目的。
结合无人飞艇负载小、飞行姿态不稳定的特点,设计一种满足自检校要求的组合宽角相机结构,实现基于软式稳定平台的组合宽角相机系统的轻小型化。研究了组合相机自检校的原理和流程,实现组合相机自检校处理后匀光拼接成的等效中心投影影像,其拼接误差限定在0.2像元以内。
针对低空大比例尺三维量测的需要,研究出一种具有自检校功能的地面标志,使得标志图像检测的误差可以通过误差三角形的方法予以校正,从而提高了摄影测量定位精度。利用组合相机自检校建立起的拼接影像与倾斜影像之间精确的外方位关系以及经标志点绝对定向后拼接影像获取的精确外方位元素,实现组合相机倾斜影像外方位元素解算。
根据建筑物物方存在的几何约束关系,建立附有约束条件的建筑物量测模型,并形成几种典型屋顶建筑物的半自动量测方法;提出利用组合宽角相机多视影像进行建筑物多面细节量测和建筑物墙面纹理获取的三维建模方法,实现了完整的技术流程并进行了精度分析。基于多边形三角剖分思想,实现建筑物三维模型的快速构建和大比例尺下建筑物模型与地形模型的匹配。
利用无人飞艇搭载组合宽角相机系统在布有高精度控制场的山东科技大学校园进行1:1000比例尺航空摄影和校园三维建模试验以及威海市400平方公里1:1000比例尺航测数字成图及城市三维建模相关工程应用,为基于组合宽角相机低空影像进行城市建筑物三维模型构建方法提供了验证模型。
Due to the flight height and the pose of the aerial photography's limit(vertical or small angle photography), satellite remote sensing with the fixed orbit, the median altitude aerial photogrammetry and fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle only can fetch part of height information and roof texture information. It’s difficulty to meet the demands of three dimensional city buildings construction.
Aimming at acquiring three dimensional information of buildings quickly to meet the demands of current three dimensional digital city, a low-altitude UAV-airship photogrammetry system that take the low-altitude UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)-airship as flying platform carrying the wide-angle and combined camera is designed to support precison aerial triangulation and building 3D construction. On one hand, camera self-calibration based on auto-matching of four cameras overlap images to form a precision equivalent project image for aerial triangulation.on the other hand,building profile images can be acquired using four self-calibration oblique cameras at one flight.
In order to meet the demand of UAV’s low loading, one kind of self-calibration wide-angle and light small combined camera with soft and steady platform is designed. The error of the large format image seamed by the processing of self correcting can control in the range of 0.2 pixel.
With the demand of low altitude large scale three demisional measurement, a self-calibration land marker is designed to improve precision of photogrammetry, that error of land marker image detect can be rectified using error triangle. After aerial tiangulation, mosaic image has precision absolute exterior orientation.So, absolute exterior orientation of oblique camera images can be acquired using precision relative exterior orientation with mosaic image.
According to the existing building geometric constraints in object relations, the establishment of structures with constraints measurement model, and the formation of typical semi-automatic roof of the building measurements. It puts forward the quickly fetching method of the city buildings’multi-surface subtle measure and vertical texture based on the integrated wide-angle camera’s multi-view images. The city buildings’3D model is made quickly and automatic based on the triangulation.This paper analyzes the state of the building 3D model not be matched with the topography and puts forward the solution.
Large scale mapping and 3D building construction test in Shandong University of Sciense and Technology with high precision control points and application in Weihai city using unmanned airship equipped with wide-angle and combined camera system, provide authentication model for construction of 3D building based on wide-angle and combined camera images from UAV.
结合无人飞艇负载小、飞行姿态不稳定的特点,设计一种满足自检校要求的组合宽角相机结构,实现基于软式稳定平台的组合宽角相机系统的轻小型化。研究了组合相机自检校的原理和流程,实现组合相机自检校处理后匀光拼接成的等效中心投影影像,其拼接误差限定在0.2像元以内。
针对低空大比例尺三维量测的需要,研究出一种具有自检校功能的地面标志,使得标志图像检测的误差可以通过误差三角形的方法予以校正,从而提高了摄影测量定位精度。利用组合相机自检校建立起的拼接影像与倾斜影像之间精确的外方位关系以及经标志点绝对定向后拼接影像获取的精确外方位元素,实现组合相机倾斜影像外方位元素解算。
根据建筑物物方存在的几何约束关系,建立附有约束条件的建筑物量测模型,并形成几种典型屋顶建筑物的半自动量测方法;提出利用组合宽角相机多视影像进行建筑物多面细节量测和建筑物墙面纹理获取的三维建模方法,实现了完整的技术流程并进行了精度分析。基于多边形三角剖分思想,实现建筑物三维模型的快速构建和大比例尺下建筑物模型与地形模型的匹配。
利用无人飞艇搭载组合宽角相机系统在布有高精度控制场的山东科技大学校园进行1:1000比例尺航空摄影和校园三维建模试验以及威海市400平方公里1:1000比例尺航测数字成图及城市三维建模相关工程应用,为基于组合宽角相机低空影像进行城市建筑物三维模型构建方法提供了验证模型。
Due to the flight height and the pose of the aerial photography's limit(vertical or small angle photography), satellite remote sensing with the fixed orbit, the median altitude aerial photogrammetry and fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle only can fetch part of height information and roof texture information. It’s difficulty to meet the demands of three dimensional city buildings construction.
Aimming at acquiring three dimensional information of buildings quickly to meet the demands of current three dimensional digital city, a low-altitude UAV-airship photogrammetry system that take the low-altitude UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle)-airship as flying platform carrying the wide-angle and combined camera is designed to support precison aerial triangulation and building 3D construction. On one hand, camera self-calibration based on auto-matching of four cameras overlap images to form a precision equivalent project image for aerial triangulation.on the other hand,building profile images can be acquired using four self-calibration oblique cameras at one flight.
In order to meet the demand of UAV’s low loading, one kind of self-calibration wide-angle and light small combined camera with soft and steady platform is designed. The error of the large format image seamed by the processing of self correcting can control in the range of 0.2 pixel.
With the demand of low altitude large scale three demisional measurement, a self-calibration land marker is designed to improve precision of photogrammetry, that error of land marker image detect can be rectified using error triangle. After aerial tiangulation, mosaic image has precision absolute exterior orientation.So, absolute exterior orientation of oblique camera images can be acquired using precision relative exterior orientation with mosaic image.
According to the existing building geometric constraints in object relations, the establishment of structures with constraints measurement model, and the formation of typical semi-automatic roof of the building measurements. It puts forward the quickly fetching method of the city buildings’multi-surface subtle measure and vertical texture based on the integrated wide-angle camera’s multi-view images. The city buildings’3D model is made quickly and automatic based on the triangulation.This paper analyzes the state of the building 3D model not be matched with the topography and puts forward the solution.
Large scale mapping and 3D building construction test in Shandong University of Sciense and Technology with high precision control points and application in Weihai city using unmanned airship equipped with wide-angle and combined camera system, provide authentication model for construction of 3D building based on wide-angle and combined camera images from UAV.
引文
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