金湖凹陷西斜坡阜宁组构造沉积演化研究
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摘要
在构造地质学、沉积学及石油地质学理论的指导下,结合前人的研究成果,综合应用岩心、钻井、录井、地震和测井等资料,采用定性分析与定量计算相结合、地质与地球物理相结合、构造沉积分析与油气成藏相结合的方法,对金湖凹陷西斜坡地区阜宁组的断裂系统、构造演化、沉积体系和储层特征进行了系统研究,并分析了构造、沉积与油气成藏的关系及有利含油地区。
依据各构造演化剖面的特征和断层活动强度的定量分析,将西斜坡阜宁组的构造演化划分为四个阶段:阜宁期斜坡发育阶段、戴南期和三垛期差异沉降阶段、三垛期末逆冲褶皱阶段以及新近纪和第四纪构造稳定阶段。
通过对西斜坡阜宁期构造应力场的数值模拟,详细分析古构造应力场中断层发育规律,得出西斜坡阜宁期最大主应力均为压应力,研究区西南和西北部为两个低值集中区,中部为高值集中区;最小主应力几乎全为张应力,西南部为最小主应力高值区,整体呈现为北西向,断层发育密集;剪应力呈区域性展布,中部和东北部为左旋剪应力分布区,近东西向断层发育,西南和西北部为右旋剪应力分布区,北东、北北东向断层发育。
综合利用常规三维地震剖面解释技术和蚂蚁追踪断裂系统自动分析技术,确定了研究区内北北西向断裂系统及其断层相关背斜的发育,结合构造演化剖面和区域构造背景分析,认为崔2逆断层及其上盘发育的断层相关背斜形成于三垛末期的构造反转期。
在岩心观察、测井、录井资料分析和地层划分对比的基础上,通过对单井沉积相、连井沉积相和平面沉积相的研究,认为研究区主要有张八岭隆起和建湖隆起两个物源,阜一段上部以三角洲前缘亚相沉积为主,阜二段主要为滨浅湖亚相,阜三段主要为三角洲前缘亚相,阜四段以湖泊相为主。
在构造演化、断层活动强度、沉积相研究的基础上,结合区域构造背景,分析构造对沉积的控制作用,得出古斜坡地貌和东部边界断层的强烈活动控制阜宁组地层呈现由西北向东南的楔状沉积,中部构造调节带、西部建湖隆起及斜坡地貌和西南部张八岭隆起及断层强烈活动区分别决定湖盆短轴和长轴方向砂体入湖位置,发育雁列式和分叉式断层控砂、断阶控砂、地垒和反向断层断阶以及中坡带控碳酸盐岩滩坝几种模式。
在构造沉积特征研究的基础上,结合储层特征和油气成藏条件分析,认为阜宁组砂岩储层主要发育在阜一段、阜二段下部、阜三段和阜四段底部,主要为三角洲前缘亚相水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、滨浅湖砂坝发育区;碳酸盐岩储层集中发育在阜二段中部,为滨浅湖环境中的碳酸盐岩滩坝;渗透性储集层为油气横向运移通道,活动性断层为油气垂向运移的重要通道;半环凹斜坡背景上被切割的断层相关背斜是有利的复杂断块圈闭群。
Based on theories of structural geology, sedimentology and petroleum geology, combining previous research achievements, using lots of the information of core hole, seismic data, well-logging data and methods with combining together qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, geological and geophysical, structural study, sedimentary analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation, fault system, structural evolution, sedimentary systems and reservoir characteristics of Funing Formation in the western slope of Jinhu sag are systematically researched, and the relationships of structures, sediments and hydrocarbon accumulation and favorable oil-bearing areas are analyzed.
According to both structural evolution sections characteristics and quantitative analysis of fault activity intensity, it is held that the structural evolution of Funing Formation in the west slope area in the Cenozoic Era can be divided into four periods: Funing period-slope growth, Dainan and Sanduo period-different subsidence, the end of Sanduo period-thrust-fold and Neogene and Quaternary-structures stable.
Through the structural stress field numerical simulation of Funing period in the western slop of Jinhu sag, regularities of fault development in ancient structural stress field are analyzed in detail. The results show that the maximum principal stress of Funing period in the west slope area is compressive stress with two low value areas in the southwest and the northwest and high value area in the middle. The minimum principal stress is almost tensile stress with high value area in the southwest with dense faults. The shear stress distribution is regional. The levorotatory shear stress distributional areas are in the middle and the northeast with development of the near east-west faults, and the dextrorotatory shear stress distributional areas are in the southwest and the northwest with development of the north-east and north-northeast faults.
North-northwest fault systems and the development of anticline related to fault in the study area are identified by comprehensively using the conventional three-dimensional seismic interpretation techniques and the ant-tracking fracture systems automatic analysis technology. Combined with the analysis of structural evolution section and regional tectonic background, it is considered that the Cui2 thrust fault and of anticline related to fault in its upper wall formed in the tectonic reversal period of the end of Sanduo period.
On the basis of core observation, well logging data analysis and stratigraphic classification and correlation, individual well profiles, cross well profiles and planes of sedimentary facies sedimentary are reseached. The results show that there has two sedimentary sources of Zhangbaling upheaval and Jianhu upheaval. Delta front sub-facies are main facies in the upper of the first Member of Funing Formation (Fu-1), coastal and shallow lake sub-facies are main facies of Fu-2, and there are most delta front sub-facies in Fu-3 and lake facies in Fu-4.
Based on the research of structural evolution, fault activity intensity and sedimentary facies, combining with regional tectonic background, the controlling effects of structures on sediments were analyzed. It is considered that the slope topography and the intensive active east boundary fault confine distribution of stratigraphic thickness of Funing Formation as wedge-shaped sediment from northwest to southeast. The location of the sand into the lake in the long axis is controlled by the middle structural transfer zone in, the west Jianhu upheaval, and the location of the short axis of the lake is controlled by the slope topography, the southwest Zhangbaling upheaval and intensive active area with faults, The modes of the control of the en-echelon fault and the forked fault on the sand, the control of the faulty-step on the sand, and the control of the horst, the faulty-step of the reverse fault and the middle slop zone on the beach dam of carbonate rock can be established.
Combining the studies on structural and sedimentary characteristics with analysis of reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, it is summarized that sandstone reservoirs in Funing Formation are mainly in the Fu-1, the low part of Fu-2, Fu-3 and the bottom of Fu-4, with the area developing subaqueous distributary channel, estuary dam, distal dam of delta front sub-facies, and sand dam of coastal and shallow lake sub-facies. Carbonate reservoir is in the middle of Fu-2 with the beach dam of carbonate rock dam of coastal and shallow lake sub-facies. Reservoirs with permeability are the lateral migration pathway of hydrocarbon, and active faults are vertical migration pathway of hydrocarbon. Anticlines related to fault cut half ringing the sag in the slop are the favorable complex faulted traps group blocks.
依据各构造演化剖面的特征和断层活动强度的定量分析,将西斜坡阜宁组的构造演化划分为四个阶段:阜宁期斜坡发育阶段、戴南期和三垛期差异沉降阶段、三垛期末逆冲褶皱阶段以及新近纪和第四纪构造稳定阶段。
通过对西斜坡阜宁期构造应力场的数值模拟,详细分析古构造应力场中断层发育规律,得出西斜坡阜宁期最大主应力均为压应力,研究区西南和西北部为两个低值集中区,中部为高值集中区;最小主应力几乎全为张应力,西南部为最小主应力高值区,整体呈现为北西向,断层发育密集;剪应力呈区域性展布,中部和东北部为左旋剪应力分布区,近东西向断层发育,西南和西北部为右旋剪应力分布区,北东、北北东向断层发育。
综合利用常规三维地震剖面解释技术和蚂蚁追踪断裂系统自动分析技术,确定了研究区内北北西向断裂系统及其断层相关背斜的发育,结合构造演化剖面和区域构造背景分析,认为崔2逆断层及其上盘发育的断层相关背斜形成于三垛末期的构造反转期。
在岩心观察、测井、录井资料分析和地层划分对比的基础上,通过对单井沉积相、连井沉积相和平面沉积相的研究,认为研究区主要有张八岭隆起和建湖隆起两个物源,阜一段上部以三角洲前缘亚相沉积为主,阜二段主要为滨浅湖亚相,阜三段主要为三角洲前缘亚相,阜四段以湖泊相为主。
在构造演化、断层活动强度、沉积相研究的基础上,结合区域构造背景,分析构造对沉积的控制作用,得出古斜坡地貌和东部边界断层的强烈活动控制阜宁组地层呈现由西北向东南的楔状沉积,中部构造调节带、西部建湖隆起及斜坡地貌和西南部张八岭隆起及断层强烈活动区分别决定湖盆短轴和长轴方向砂体入湖位置,发育雁列式和分叉式断层控砂、断阶控砂、地垒和反向断层断阶以及中坡带控碳酸盐岩滩坝几种模式。
在构造沉积特征研究的基础上,结合储层特征和油气成藏条件分析,认为阜宁组砂岩储层主要发育在阜一段、阜二段下部、阜三段和阜四段底部,主要为三角洲前缘亚相水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、滨浅湖砂坝发育区;碳酸盐岩储层集中发育在阜二段中部,为滨浅湖环境中的碳酸盐岩滩坝;渗透性储集层为油气横向运移通道,活动性断层为油气垂向运移的重要通道;半环凹斜坡背景上被切割的断层相关背斜是有利的复杂断块圈闭群。
Based on theories of structural geology, sedimentology and petroleum geology, combining previous research achievements, using lots of the information of core hole, seismic data, well-logging data and methods with combining together qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation, geological and geophysical, structural study, sedimentary analysis and hydrocarbon accumulation, fault system, structural evolution, sedimentary systems and reservoir characteristics of Funing Formation in the western slope of Jinhu sag are systematically researched, and the relationships of structures, sediments and hydrocarbon accumulation and favorable oil-bearing areas are analyzed.
According to both structural evolution sections characteristics and quantitative analysis of fault activity intensity, it is held that the structural evolution of Funing Formation in the west slope area in the Cenozoic Era can be divided into four periods: Funing period-slope growth, Dainan and Sanduo period-different subsidence, the end of Sanduo period-thrust-fold and Neogene and Quaternary-structures stable.
Through the structural stress field numerical simulation of Funing period in the western slop of Jinhu sag, regularities of fault development in ancient structural stress field are analyzed in detail. The results show that the maximum principal stress of Funing period in the west slope area is compressive stress with two low value areas in the southwest and the northwest and high value area in the middle. The minimum principal stress is almost tensile stress with high value area in the southwest with dense faults. The shear stress distribution is regional. The levorotatory shear stress distributional areas are in the middle and the northeast with development of the near east-west faults, and the dextrorotatory shear stress distributional areas are in the southwest and the northwest with development of the north-east and north-northeast faults.
North-northwest fault systems and the development of anticline related to fault in the study area are identified by comprehensively using the conventional three-dimensional seismic interpretation techniques and the ant-tracking fracture systems automatic analysis technology. Combined with the analysis of structural evolution section and regional tectonic background, it is considered that the Cui2 thrust fault and of anticline related to fault in its upper wall formed in the tectonic reversal period of the end of Sanduo period.
On the basis of core observation, well logging data analysis and stratigraphic classification and correlation, individual well profiles, cross well profiles and planes of sedimentary facies sedimentary are reseached. The results show that there has two sedimentary sources of Zhangbaling upheaval and Jianhu upheaval. Delta front sub-facies are main facies in the upper of the first Member of Funing Formation (Fu-1), coastal and shallow lake sub-facies are main facies of Fu-2, and there are most delta front sub-facies in Fu-3 and lake facies in Fu-4.
Based on the research of structural evolution, fault activity intensity and sedimentary facies, combining with regional tectonic background, the controlling effects of structures on sediments were analyzed. It is considered that the slope topography and the intensive active east boundary fault confine distribution of stratigraphic thickness of Funing Formation as wedge-shaped sediment from northwest to southeast. The location of the sand into the lake in the long axis is controlled by the middle structural transfer zone in, the west Jianhu upheaval, and the location of the short axis of the lake is controlled by the slope topography, the southwest Zhangbaling upheaval and intensive active area with faults, The modes of the control of the en-echelon fault and the forked fault on the sand, the control of the faulty-step on the sand, and the control of the horst, the faulty-step of the reverse fault and the middle slop zone on the beach dam of carbonate rock can be established.
Combining the studies on structural and sedimentary characteristics with analysis of reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions, it is summarized that sandstone reservoirs in Funing Formation are mainly in the Fu-1, the low part of Fu-2, Fu-3 and the bottom of Fu-4, with the area developing subaqueous distributary channel, estuary dam, distal dam of delta front sub-facies, and sand dam of coastal and shallow lake sub-facies. Carbonate reservoir is in the middle of Fu-2 with the beach dam of carbonate rock dam of coastal and shallow lake sub-facies. Reservoirs with permeability are the lateral migration pathway of hydrocarbon, and active faults are vertical migration pathway of hydrocarbon. Anticlines related to fault cut half ringing the sag in the slop are the favorable complex faulted traps group blocks.
引文
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