吴起胜利山油区长6油组低阻油层成因分析及测井识别
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摘要
低孔隙度、富含泥质、低渗透率、低含油饱和度的砂岩储集层,常伴随着相对或绝对油层电阻率低现象,使传统的油气测井评价方法解释精度下降,可能造成油气层漏失甚至误判。近年来油气资源需求量日益增加,系统研究低电阻率油层成因机理和识别评价方法,对油田勘探开发具有重要意义。
鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油藏是国内典型的低孔低渗型油气藏,而盆地内三叠系延长组的多个含油层系均有低电阻率油层的发现,且分布广泛,成因复杂。由于低电阻率油层的常规测井响应特征复杂,给油层识别和评价带来很多困难。
本论文以吴起胜利山油区长6油层组为研究对象,系统剖析其低阻特征典型的长61油层低电阻率的成因机理及主控因素。在大量收集胜利山区各井的录井资料、岩心分析数据、试油报告、生产数据、水分析数据、薄片、粒度及物性分析测试资料和原始测井曲线数据的基础上,精细分析研究区低电阻率油层的沉积背景、储层地质特征和试油试产特性,并与邻近区域正常油层的各种特征进行对比,找出低阻油层的分布特点和规律,结合压汞曲线、扫描电镜、x衍射、阳离子交换、油水分析等实验结果,总结出吴起胜利山区长6_1低电阻率油层的成因与储层孔隙结构复杂、黏土矿物的种类及含量、高放射性砂岩的影响、沉积微相的影响和少量铁质导电矿物的影响有关。
在总结了胜利山区长6_1低阻油层主控因素的基础上,对该区典型井进行了四性关系研究。将储层地质特征、产液特征与测井响应特征有机结合,通过分析储层岩性、物性及含油性以及测井曲线响应特征,确定研究区长6_1油层的“四性”关系。
用测井曲线中能够较灵敏地反映储层特征的参数建立测井定量解释模型,针对研究区岩石电导率与含油饱和度之间的关系不符合阿尔奇计算公式的特征,本论文选用部分灵敏参数或参数组合(必要时对部分参数做了放大差异处理)做交会图和重叠图,最终实现了较高精确度识别胜利山区长6_1低电阻率油层的目的。
Sandstone reservoirs with low porosity, high clay, low permeability and low saturation are always in connection with low resistivity reservoirs. Because it is difficult to distinguish the features of logging response between oil layer and water layer in low resistivity reservoirs, the conventional logging interpretation methods on fluid identification are always causing poor application. These days, demand for hydrocarbon resources are increasing ,so, it is necessary to find out the contributing factors for low resistivity reservoirs and develop the proper logging recognition methods.
Mesozoic reservoirs of Ordos Basin are featured as low porosity and low permeability. The low resistivity oil reservoirs can be found in Many sections of the upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin. As a kind of unconventional reservoirs, oil and gas layers with low resistivity are dominated by many factors directly or not. Conventional log usually leads to mis-perforation or stratum skip, and brings adverse effect to the oilfield development performance.
This paper analyzed the characteristics of the 6th sections of the Triassic Yanchang formation in Wuqi shenglishan area .The aim is to find out the main causes of the low resistivity pay zone. Based on the detailed information of the basic geological character of the reservoir(sandstone distribution pattern, lithology character, physical characteristics, water characteristics , clay minerals , cementation material and its change in plane) and testing for oil , this paper focus on the differences of oil layers with low resistivity and normal resistive zone. By the data of core analysis ,log, scanning electronmicro scope , porosity and permeability analysis, X-diffraction, acoustic emission test and mercury injection test, the main causes of low resistivity reservoirs in Shenglishan area were defined: Complicated pore structures in low porosity and permeability reservoirs will affect the productivity and electric properties of reservoirs; The additional conductivity for clay minerals dues to their sorts , contents and the clay in the formation and the invasion influence of drilling mud on the oil pay resistivity; The affection of sandstone reservoirs with high natural gamma ray existed; The influence by micro-sedimentary facies; Some ferruginous conductive mineral.
Based on the main causes of the low resistivity pay zone, compare the lithology character, physical characteristics, oiliness character and electric properties of reservoirs. The rule of them can be analyzed.
According to actual conditions of region of interest, this paper calculate the total porosity ,clay content and several parameters of the model, these parameters were matching the core analysis data in Shenglishan low resistivity pay zone. As the Archie's equation can not be used to compute Sw. cross plot, mathematics and comprehensive analyzing are put forward to identify oil layers qualitatively constrained by geological conditions, and the effects are satisfactory.
鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油藏是国内典型的低孔低渗型油气藏,而盆地内三叠系延长组的多个含油层系均有低电阻率油层的发现,且分布广泛,成因复杂。由于低电阻率油层的常规测井响应特征复杂,给油层识别和评价带来很多困难。
本论文以吴起胜利山油区长6油层组为研究对象,系统剖析其低阻特征典型的长61油层低电阻率的成因机理及主控因素。在大量收集胜利山区各井的录井资料、岩心分析数据、试油报告、生产数据、水分析数据、薄片、粒度及物性分析测试资料和原始测井曲线数据的基础上,精细分析研究区低电阻率油层的沉积背景、储层地质特征和试油试产特性,并与邻近区域正常油层的各种特征进行对比,找出低阻油层的分布特点和规律,结合压汞曲线、扫描电镜、x衍射、阳离子交换、油水分析等实验结果,总结出吴起胜利山区长6_1低电阻率油层的成因与储层孔隙结构复杂、黏土矿物的种类及含量、高放射性砂岩的影响、沉积微相的影响和少量铁质导电矿物的影响有关。
在总结了胜利山区长6_1低阻油层主控因素的基础上,对该区典型井进行了四性关系研究。将储层地质特征、产液特征与测井响应特征有机结合,通过分析储层岩性、物性及含油性以及测井曲线响应特征,确定研究区长6_1油层的“四性”关系。
用测井曲线中能够较灵敏地反映储层特征的参数建立测井定量解释模型,针对研究区岩石电导率与含油饱和度之间的关系不符合阿尔奇计算公式的特征,本论文选用部分灵敏参数或参数组合(必要时对部分参数做了放大差异处理)做交会图和重叠图,最终实现了较高精确度识别胜利山区长6_1低电阻率油层的目的。
Sandstone reservoirs with low porosity, high clay, low permeability and low saturation are always in connection with low resistivity reservoirs. Because it is difficult to distinguish the features of logging response between oil layer and water layer in low resistivity reservoirs, the conventional logging interpretation methods on fluid identification are always causing poor application. These days, demand for hydrocarbon resources are increasing ,so, it is necessary to find out the contributing factors for low resistivity reservoirs and develop the proper logging recognition methods.
Mesozoic reservoirs of Ordos Basin are featured as low porosity and low permeability. The low resistivity oil reservoirs can be found in Many sections of the upper Triassic Yanchang formation in Ordos Basin. As a kind of unconventional reservoirs, oil and gas layers with low resistivity are dominated by many factors directly or not. Conventional log usually leads to mis-perforation or stratum skip, and brings adverse effect to the oilfield development performance.
This paper analyzed the characteristics of the 6th sections of the Triassic Yanchang formation in Wuqi shenglishan area .The aim is to find out the main causes of the low resistivity pay zone. Based on the detailed information of the basic geological character of the reservoir(sandstone distribution pattern, lithology character, physical characteristics, water characteristics , clay minerals , cementation material and its change in plane) and testing for oil , this paper focus on the differences of oil layers with low resistivity and normal resistive zone. By the data of core analysis ,log, scanning electronmicro scope , porosity and permeability analysis, X-diffraction, acoustic emission test and mercury injection test, the main causes of low resistivity reservoirs in Shenglishan area were defined: Complicated pore structures in low porosity and permeability reservoirs will affect the productivity and electric properties of reservoirs; The additional conductivity for clay minerals dues to their sorts , contents and the clay in the formation and the invasion influence of drilling mud on the oil pay resistivity; The affection of sandstone reservoirs with high natural gamma ray existed; The influence by micro-sedimentary facies; Some ferruginous conductive mineral.
Based on the main causes of the low resistivity pay zone, compare the lithology character, physical characteristics, oiliness character and electric properties of reservoirs. The rule of them can be analyzed.
According to actual conditions of region of interest, this paper calculate the total porosity ,clay content and several parameters of the model, these parameters were matching the core analysis data in Shenglishan low resistivity pay zone. As the Archie's equation can not be used to compute Sw. cross plot, mathematics and comprehensive analyzing are put forward to identify oil layers qualitatively constrained by geological conditions, and the effects are satisfactory.
引文
[1]何自新.鄂尔多斯盆地演化与油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2003:95-105
[2]马德录,麻平社,路云峰.测井和地质相结合识别低阻油层[J].国外测井技术,2006,21(2):8-10
[3]中国石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006
[4]焦红岩,全宏,李雪梅等.史南油田浊积砂岩低电阻油层成因及定性解释方法研究[J].海洋石油,2004,24(4):75-79
[5]闫磊.北大港地区低阻储层成因分析及测井评价方法[D].长春:吉林大学硕士研究生学位论文,2008
[6]高霞,谢庆宾.低电阻率油气藏成因机理及研究方法综述[J].中外能源,2006,11:28-32
[7]Waxman W.H.,Smits L.J.M.Electrical conductivities in oil beraing sands[J].SPE,1968,26-51
[8]Clavier C.,Coates G.,Dumanoir.J.Theoretical and Experimental Basis for the Dual-water Model for Interpretation of shaly sands[J].SPE,1977,68-59
[9]Jamison W.R.Geometrical analysis of fold development in over thrust terranes[J].Journal of Structural Geology.1987,9(2):207-219
[10]曾文冲.油气储集层测井评价新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[11]Givens W.W.A conductive rock matrix model(CRMM) for the analysis of low- contrast resistivity formations[J].The Log Analyst,1987,28(2):138-151
[12]Givens W.W,Schmidt E.J.A generic electrical conduction model for low- contrast resistivity sandstones.SPWLA 29th Annual Logging Symposium.Texas,1988:1-25
[13]曾文冲.低电阻率油气层的类型成因及评价方法(上)[J].地球物理测井,1991,15(1):6-12
[14]曾文冲.低电阻率油气层的类型,成因及评价方法的分析(中)[J].地球物理测井,1991,15(2):88-99
[15]曾文冲.低电阻率油气层的类型,成因及评价方法的分析(下)[J].地球物理测井,1991,15(3):149-152
[16]孙建孟,王克文,朱家俊.济阳坳陷低电阻率储层电性微观影响因素[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):61-65
[17]孙贵霞.歧50断块低阻油层研究[J].测井技术,2000,24(4):291-294
[18]王月莲,袁士义,宋新民等.无侵线法流体识别技术在低渗低电阻率油藏中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):88-90
[19]李微,田中元,闫伟林等.Y油田低电阻率油层形成机理及RRSR识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):60-62
[20]张龙海,周灿灿等.孔隙结构对低孔低渗储集层电性及测井解释评价的影响.石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6)
[21]莫修文.低阻储层导电模型的建立及解释方法研究[D].长春:长春科技大学博士研究生学位论文,1998
[22]李国欣,欧阳健.中国石油低阻油层岩石物理研究与测井识别评价技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2006,2:43-51
[23]肖立志.核磁共振成像测井[J].测井技术,1995,19(4):284-293
[24]肖立志.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998
[25]林振洲,潘和平.核磁共振测井进展[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(4):295-303
[26]张玉敏,申会堂.核磁共振在石油测井中的应用[J].核电子学与探测技术,2003,23(1):83-90
[27]赵文杰,原宏壮.NMR测井在复杂砂泥岩地层中的应用[J].测井技术,2000,24(5):323-327
[28]杨双定.鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩气层测井评价新技术[J].天然气工业,2005,25(9):45-47
[29]关振良.丘陵油田低阻油层成因及测井解释[J].新疆石油学院学报,2000,12(3):15-18
[30]麻平社,张旭波,韩艳华.姬塬-白豹地区低电阻率油层成因分析及解释方法[J].测井技术,2006,30(1):84-87
[31]马德录,麻平社,路云峰.测井和地质相结合识别低阻油层[J].国外测井技术.2006,21(2):83-86
[32]谢然红,冯启宁,高杰等.低电阻率油气层物理参数变化机理研究[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):139-146
[33]杨俊杰.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2001:104-127
[34]罗静兰,刘小洪,林潼.成岩作用与油气侵位对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组砂岩储层物性的影响[J].地质学报,2006,80(5):664-673
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[36]赵军龙,谭成仟,刘池阳.鄂尔多斯盆地高自然伽马异常特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(3):82-86
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[38]王润好,刘宇,王宏涛等.储层四性关系研究在新庄油田的应用[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(3):37-39
[39]张金钟.声波地层因素公式及其应用.地球物理测井[M].北京:地质出版社,1989
[40]张小莉.渤海湾盆地临邑洼陷复杂岩性油气藏成藏规律及评价技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007:107-11
[2]马德录,麻平社,路云峰.测井和地质相结合识别低阻油层[J].国外测井技术,2006,21(2):8-10
[3]中国石油勘探与生产公司.低阻油气藏测井识别评价方法与技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2006
[4]焦红岩,全宏,李雪梅等.史南油田浊积砂岩低电阻油层成因及定性解释方法研究[J].海洋石油,2004,24(4):75-79
[5]闫磊.北大港地区低阻储层成因分析及测井评价方法[D].长春:吉林大学硕士研究生学位论文,2008
[6]高霞,谢庆宾.低电阻率油气藏成因机理及研究方法综述[J].中外能源,2006,11:28-32
[7]Waxman W.H.,Smits L.J.M.Electrical conductivities in oil beraing sands[J].SPE,1968,26-51
[8]Clavier C.,Coates G.,Dumanoir.J.Theoretical and Experimental Basis for the Dual-water Model for Interpretation of shaly sands[J].SPE,1977,68-59
[9]Jamison W.R.Geometrical analysis of fold development in over thrust terranes[J].Journal of Structural Geology.1987,9(2):207-219
[10]曾文冲.油气储集层测井评价新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1991
[11]Givens W.W.A conductive rock matrix model(CRMM) for the analysis of low- contrast resistivity formations[J].The Log Analyst,1987,28(2):138-151
[12]Givens W.W,Schmidt E.J.A generic electrical conduction model for low- contrast resistivity sandstones.SPWLA 29th Annual Logging Symposium.Texas,1988:1-25
[13]曾文冲.低电阻率油气层的类型成因及评价方法(上)[J].地球物理测井,1991,15(1):6-12
[14]曾文冲.低电阻率油气层的类型,成因及评价方法的分析(中)[J].地球物理测井,1991,15(2):88-99
[15]曾文冲.低电阻率油气层的类型,成因及评价方法的分析(下)[J].地球物理测井,1991,15(3):149-152
[16]孙建孟,王克文,朱家俊.济阳坳陷低电阻率储层电性微观影响因素[J].石油学报,2006,27(5):61-65
[17]孙贵霞.歧50断块低阻油层研究[J].测井技术,2000,24(4):291-294
[18]王月莲,袁士义,宋新民等.无侵线法流体识别技术在低渗低电阻率油藏中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):88-90
[19]李微,田中元,闫伟林等.Y油田低电阻率油层形成机理及RRSR识别方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(1):60-62
[20]张龙海,周灿灿等.孔隙结构对低孔低渗储集层电性及测井解释评价的影响.石油勘探与开发,2006,33(6)
[21]莫修文.低阻储层导电模型的建立及解释方法研究[D].长春:长春科技大学博士研究生学位论文,1998
[22]李国欣,欧阳健.中国石油低阻油层岩石物理研究与测井识别评价技术进展[J].中国石油勘探,2006,2:43-51
[23]肖立志.核磁共振成像测井[J].测井技术,1995,19(4):284-293
[24]肖立志.核磁共振成像测井与岩石核磁共振及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,1998
[25]林振洲,潘和平.核磁共振测井进展[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(4):295-303
[26]张玉敏,申会堂.核磁共振在石油测井中的应用[J].核电子学与探测技术,2003,23(1):83-90
[27]赵文杰,原宏壮.NMR测井在复杂砂泥岩地层中的应用[J].测井技术,2000,24(5):323-327
[28]杨双定.鄂尔多斯盆地致密砂岩气层测井评价新技术[J].天然气工业,2005,25(9):45-47
[29]关振良.丘陵油田低阻油层成因及测井解释[J].新疆石油学院学报,2000,12(3):15-18
[30]麻平社,张旭波,韩艳华.姬塬-白豹地区低电阻率油层成因分析及解释方法[J].测井技术,2006,30(1):84-87
[31]马德录,麻平社,路云峰.测井和地质相结合识别低阻油层[J].国外测井技术.2006,21(2):83-86
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