平流层飞艇高效螺旋桨设计与试验研究
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摘要
平流层飞艇因其独特的长期驻空、机动定点、能耗低、安全性高的特点,应用前景极其广阔,可应用于科学研究、通信中继、管道和边境巡逻以及军事侦察等民用和军用领域。目前,国内外已经出现了一个研究平流层飞艇的热潮。螺旋桨推进系统是平流层飞艇的研制的关键技术之一,其性能的优劣决定了飞艇的成败。本文以紧密结合气球中心在研平流层飞艇项目的实际需要为指导思想,开展了平流层飞艇高效螺旋桨的研究,主要研究工作包括:
1.进行了国内外平流层环境螺旋桨翼型以及螺旋桨研究进展的调研,调查发现国外,关于平流层飞艇螺旋桨的研究已比较成熟,而国内的研究才刚刚起步,还处于仿真计算阶段;
2.进行了一系列基于CFD软件的计算分析,对影响螺旋桨性能的参数进行了详细研究。计算数据结果表明在高空低密度、低来流速度的情况下,选择合适的低雷诺数、高升阻比翼型,适当增大螺旋桨直径、桨叶宽度以及选择合适的翼型安装角,能在一定程度上提高螺旋桨的效率;
3.设计了试验平台,并进行了一系列试验,对CFD计算方法的正确性和准确度进行了验证。对比分析结果表明本文的CFD计算方法是可行的,计算结果满足工程使用要求,具有很大的参考性;试验台为以后进一步开展试验研究奠定了基础;同时,本文提出了关于进一步开展螺旋桨试验研究的一些想法。
4.设计了一族满足本文假定项目要求的螺旋桨,并且效率接近国内先进水平;
本文的研究具有以下意义:首先,本文在进行问题的研究时,采用了一种经过试验验证的计算分析方法,为进一步开展螺旋桨的设计和优化设计提供了一种方法以及较为详尽的数据参考;其次,本文所进行的螺旋桨设计的研究在一定程度上满足了在研项目的需要;同时,本文的研究在一定程度上弥补了气球中心在飞艇螺旋桨推进系统研究方面的空白;
The great potential for the use of stratospheric airship as platforms for a variety of science experiments, telecommunications relay services, pipeline and border patrol monitoring and military surveillance operations, is great. Recent, the study on stratospheric airship has become a hot spot in both home and abroad.
This study comes from the several research projects being done on the stratospheric airship by the Balloon Craft Research Center, AOE, CAS. All these projects need to researches to be done on the propeller propulsion system.
The paper, guiding with the principle of connecting with practical projects, does lots of study on the design of propeller used for high altitude airship. The main works done are as follows:
1. Investigation on the history and development of the study on airfoils and propellers that are used for stratospheric airship. It’s found that the study on this kind of propeller has already fairly done in abroad, lots of experiments, low and hign altitude has being done, while it just begins in home, where only do some CFD analysis.
2. Detailed analysis on the effect of several parameters on the propeller efficiency, based on CFD. The results show that it will, in some extent improve the efficiency in stratospheric environment and low advance velocity by selecting suitable airfoils for low Reynold number and high lift-drag ratio, and increasing the diameter, chord and blade incidence.
3. An experiment platform is designed and a series experiments have been done. The results prove that the CFD method used in this paper is feasible and that the precision of the CFD computation meet the practical requirement. The platform also provides a foundation for the further experiment sudy.
4. A propeller that meets the needs of application in practical project is designed and the character is close to the advanced level in home. Also, the paper put out some idea on the further experiment study.
By doing this, this paper resolve the design problem in some extent, using a method that proved feasible. It provides a detailed data reference for further study. Also, the study in this paper meets the project requirement and fills in the blanks on the propeller design in the Balloon Craft Research Center, AOE, CAS.
1.进行了国内外平流层环境螺旋桨翼型以及螺旋桨研究进展的调研,调查发现国外,关于平流层飞艇螺旋桨的研究已比较成熟,而国内的研究才刚刚起步,还处于仿真计算阶段;
2.进行了一系列基于CFD软件的计算分析,对影响螺旋桨性能的参数进行了详细研究。计算数据结果表明在高空低密度、低来流速度的情况下,选择合适的低雷诺数、高升阻比翼型,适当增大螺旋桨直径、桨叶宽度以及选择合适的翼型安装角,能在一定程度上提高螺旋桨的效率;
3.设计了试验平台,并进行了一系列试验,对CFD计算方法的正确性和准确度进行了验证。对比分析结果表明本文的CFD计算方法是可行的,计算结果满足工程使用要求,具有很大的参考性;试验台为以后进一步开展试验研究奠定了基础;同时,本文提出了关于进一步开展螺旋桨试验研究的一些想法。
4.设计了一族满足本文假定项目要求的螺旋桨,并且效率接近国内先进水平;
本文的研究具有以下意义:首先,本文在进行问题的研究时,采用了一种经过试验验证的计算分析方法,为进一步开展螺旋桨的设计和优化设计提供了一种方法以及较为详尽的数据参考;其次,本文所进行的螺旋桨设计的研究在一定程度上满足了在研项目的需要;同时,本文的研究在一定程度上弥补了气球中心在飞艇螺旋桨推进系统研究方面的空白;
The great potential for the use of stratospheric airship as platforms for a variety of science experiments, telecommunications relay services, pipeline and border patrol monitoring and military surveillance operations, is great. Recent, the study on stratospheric airship has become a hot spot in both home and abroad.
This study comes from the several research projects being done on the stratospheric airship by the Balloon Craft Research Center, AOE, CAS. All these projects need to researches to be done on the propeller propulsion system.
The paper, guiding with the principle of connecting with practical projects, does lots of study on the design of propeller used for high altitude airship. The main works done are as follows:
1. Investigation on the history and development of the study on airfoils and propellers that are used for stratospheric airship. It’s found that the study on this kind of propeller has already fairly done in abroad, lots of experiments, low and hign altitude has being done, while it just begins in home, where only do some CFD analysis.
2. Detailed analysis on the effect of several parameters on the propeller efficiency, based on CFD. The results show that it will, in some extent improve the efficiency in stratospheric environment and low advance velocity by selecting suitable airfoils for low Reynold number and high lift-drag ratio, and increasing the diameter, chord and blade incidence.
3. An experiment platform is designed and a series experiments have been done. The results prove that the CFD method used in this paper is feasible and that the precision of the CFD computation meet the practical requirement. The platform also provides a foundation for the further experiment sudy.
4. A propeller that meets the needs of application in practical project is designed and the character is close to the advanced level in home. Also, the paper put out some idea on the further experiment study.
By doing this, this paper resolve the design problem in some extent, using a method that proved feasible. It provides a detailed data reference for further study. Also, the study in this paper meets the project requirement and fills in the blanks on the propeller design in the Balloon Craft Research Center, AOE, CAS.
引文
[1] Anthony Colozza. Initial Feasibility Assessment of a High Altitude Long Endurance Airship. NASA/CR—2003-212724.
[2] Anthony Colozza, James L. Dolce. High-Altitude, Long-Endurance Airshipsfor Coastal Surveillance. NASA/TM—2005-213427.
[3]徐文.日本高空无人驾驶飞艇技术的突破.国际航空杂志.2005.6. 32-33.
[4] Masahiko Onda. Stratospheric LTA Platform and its Thrust Efficiency with a Stern Propeller. AIAA 2002-3424.
[5] Masahiko Onda. Design Considerations on Stratospheric LTA Platform. AIAA-99-3911.
[6] YungGyo Lee, ect. Development of Korean High Altitude Platform Systems. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks: DOI10.1007/s1077600500186.
[7] Myoung Too Shin ,Eun Sung Lee, Young Jae Lee, Jeoung Hu. A System Design of Stratospheric Airships for the Navigation in Korea. AIAA 2001-4171.
[8]《航空气动力手册》编委会.航空气动手册(第一册).国防工业出版社.1990. P83-101.
[9]李智斌等.平流层飞艇控制与推进技术.航天控制.2007.2.第25卷第1期.22-23.
[10] Thomas E. Noll, John M. Brown, Marla E. Perez-Davis,Stephen D. Ishmael, Geary C. Tiffany,and Matthew Gaier. Investigation of the Helios Prototype Aircraft Mishap .Volume I. Mishap Report. 2008-1-2, Cited from: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-068-DFRC.html, January 2004.
[11]张维智,贺德馨,张兆顺.低雷诺数高升力翼型的设计和试验研究.空气动力学学报,第16卷,第3期,1998年9月.P363-367.
[12] Mueller, T. J. Low Reynolds Number Vehicles. Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. NTIS, AGARDograph No. 288. 1985.
[13]张亚锋,宋笔锋,李占科.高升力翼型的气动优化设计和试验研究.飞行力学,第24卷,第4期,2006年12月.P70-72.
[14]刘周,朱自强,付鸿雁,吴宗成.高升阻比翼型的设计.空气动力学学报,第22卷,第4期,2004年12月.P410-415.
[15]谭廷寿.给定压力分布的螺旋桨面元法设计[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2003,27(5):P663—666.
[16] L. Danielle Koch.Design and Performance Calculations of a Propeller for Very High Altitude Flight. NASA/TM—1998-206637.
[17]潘杰元,钱惠德.螺旋桨的数值优化设计.航空动力学报.第6卷第4期,1991年10月. P300-304.
[18] HenryC. Watts, M.B.E., B.Sc.The Design of Screw Propellers with Special Reffrence to Their Adeptation for Aircraft. New York: Longmans,Green and Co.1920.P71-75,
[19]马蓉,刘沛清,胡颖.临近空间飞行器螺旋桨低雷诺数高升力翼型综述.中国力学学会学术大会2007,论文集.2008-1-2下载自:http://www.cstam.org.cn/showdetail.asp?unid=14276&title=临近空间飞行器螺旋桨低雷诺数高升力翼型综述&biao=5,2007-8-13.
[20] L. Danielle Koch. Design and Performance Calculations of a Propeller for Very High Altitude Flight. NASA/TM—1998-206637.
[21] http://planemodel.51.net,2007-8-21
[22] AnthonyJ. Colozza. APEX 3D Propeller Test Preliminary Design [R]. NASA/CR—2002-211866.
[23]亚历山大洛夫.空气螺旋桨.王适存等译.北京:高等教育出版社.1954.
[24]葛劳渥.螺旋桨理论.徐华舫译.北京:新华书店.1950.
[25]刘沛清.空气螺旋桨理论及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.
[26]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[27]约翰.D.安德森著.吴颂平,刘赵淼译.流体力学基础及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2007.6.
[28]韩占忠,王敏,兰小平.FLUENT:流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[29]库利(英),吉勒特(英)著.王生等译.飞艇技术.北京:科学出版社.2007.
[30]中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编.低速风洞试验.北京:国防工业出版社.2002.7
[31]朱宝鎏..无人飞机空气动力学..北京:航空工业出版社.2006.10.
[32]马丁.西蒙斯著.肖治垣,马东立译.模型飞机空气动力学.北京:航空工业出版社.2007.6.
[33] Karl Hansson Falk. Aircraft Propeller Handbook.NewYork : The Ronald Press Company.1937.9.
[2] Anthony Colozza, James L. Dolce. High-Altitude, Long-Endurance Airshipsfor Coastal Surveillance. NASA/TM—2005-213427.
[3]徐文.日本高空无人驾驶飞艇技术的突破.国际航空杂志.2005.6. 32-33.
[4] Masahiko Onda. Stratospheric LTA Platform and its Thrust Efficiency with a Stern Propeller. AIAA 2002-3424.
[5] Masahiko Onda. Design Considerations on Stratospheric LTA Platform. AIAA-99-3911.
[6] YungGyo Lee, ect. Development of Korean High Altitude Platform Systems. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks: DOI10.1007/s1077600500186.
[7] Myoung Too Shin ,Eun Sung Lee, Young Jae Lee, Jeoung Hu. A System Design of Stratospheric Airships for the Navigation in Korea. AIAA 2001-4171.
[8]《航空气动力手册》编委会.航空气动手册(第一册).国防工业出版社.1990. P83-101.
[9]李智斌等.平流层飞艇控制与推进技术.航天控制.2007.2.第25卷第1期.22-23.
[10] Thomas E. Noll, John M. Brown, Marla E. Perez-Davis,Stephen D. Ishmael, Geary C. Tiffany,and Matthew Gaier. Investigation of the Helios Prototype Aircraft Mishap .Volume I. Mishap Report. 2008-1-2, Cited from: http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/news/FactSheets/FS-068-DFRC.html, January 2004.
[11]张维智,贺德馨,张兆顺.低雷诺数高升力翼型的设计和试验研究.空气动力学学报,第16卷,第3期,1998年9月.P363-367.
[12] Mueller, T. J. Low Reynolds Number Vehicles. Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France: Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development. NTIS, AGARDograph No. 288. 1985.
[13]张亚锋,宋笔锋,李占科.高升力翼型的气动优化设计和试验研究.飞行力学,第24卷,第4期,2006年12月.P70-72.
[14]刘周,朱自强,付鸿雁,吴宗成.高升阻比翼型的设计.空气动力学学报,第22卷,第4期,2004年12月.P410-415.
[15]谭廷寿.给定压力分布的螺旋桨面元法设计[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2003,27(5):P663—666.
[16] L. Danielle Koch.Design and Performance Calculations of a Propeller for Very High Altitude Flight. NASA/TM—1998-206637.
[17]潘杰元,钱惠德.螺旋桨的数值优化设计.航空动力学报.第6卷第4期,1991年10月. P300-304.
[18] HenryC. Watts, M.B.E., B.Sc.The Design of Screw Propellers with Special Reffrence to Their Adeptation for Aircraft. New York: Longmans,Green and Co.1920.P71-75,
[19]马蓉,刘沛清,胡颖.临近空间飞行器螺旋桨低雷诺数高升力翼型综述.中国力学学会学术大会2007,论文集.2008-1-2下载自:http://www.cstam.org.cn/showdetail.asp?unid=14276&title=临近空间飞行器螺旋桨低雷诺数高升力翼型综述&biao=5,2007-8-13.
[20] L. Danielle Koch. Design and Performance Calculations of a Propeller for Very High Altitude Flight. NASA/TM—1998-206637.
[21] http://planemodel.51.net,2007-8-21
[22] AnthonyJ. Colozza. APEX 3D Propeller Test Preliminary Design [R]. NASA/CR—2002-211866.
[23]亚历山大洛夫.空气螺旋桨.王适存等译.北京:高等教育出版社.1954.
[24]葛劳渥.螺旋桨理论.徐华舫译.北京:新华书店.1950.
[25]刘沛清.空气螺旋桨理论及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.
[26]王福军.计算流体动力学分析[M] .北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[27]约翰.D.安德森著.吴颂平,刘赵淼译.流体力学基础及其应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2007.6.
[28]韩占忠,王敏,兰小平.FLUENT:流体工程仿真计算实例与应用.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004.
[29]库利(英),吉勒特(英)著.王生等译.飞艇技术.北京:科学出版社.2007.
[30]中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编.低速风洞试验.北京:国防工业出版社.2002.7
[31]朱宝鎏..无人飞机空气动力学..北京:航空工业出版社.2006.10.
[32]马丁.西蒙斯著.肖治垣,马东立译.模型飞机空气动力学.北京:航空工业出版社.2007.6.
[33] Karl Hansson Falk. Aircraft Propeller Handbook.NewYork : The Ronald Press Company.1937.9.