双层圆柱壳结构振动及其辐射噪声相关特性研究
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摘要
结构振动及其辐射噪声之间的相关特性被一些学者所研究,在众多的科学及工程领域中,振动与辐射噪声也是人们所关心的话题。本文的主要内容是应用实验和理论近似计算的方法,研究双层圆柱壳结构振动与辐射噪声之间的相关特性,用振动的量来表示噪声,已达到通过控制振动来控制噪声的目的。
首先,研究双层圆柱壳结构振动及声辐射的理论,对其研究方法进行总结和分析,以实验及实测数据为依据,确定本文的研究方法和出发点。
其次,应用谱分析的方法,计算各工况下的自功率谱,确定模型的共振频率。计算单频激振振动级、近场声压及白噪声激振的周向加速度,分析各工况的振动特性,确定研究工况。
第三,应用关联系数的方法编制MATLAB程序,计算确定工况下单频激振时振动与辐射噪声的关联度,分析单频激振时模型各点振动与辐射噪声的关联特性。
第四,应用灰色理论非等间隔GM(1,1)模型,建立双层壳结构振动与辐射噪声的数学模型,计算外壳相应角度测点振动在水听器处的关联振动值。之后,建立关联振动对辐射噪声的数学模型,计算不同激振频率下的辐射噪声,并与实测数据进行比较,分析其误差,验证经验公式的正确性,分析振动与其辐射噪声的相关特性。
The relevant characteristic of structure vibration and sound radiation is researched on by some scholars and is paid attention to people in many fields of science and engineering. The main content of this thesis is that through the method of experimentation and theory approximately calculation, researching on the relevant characteristic of structure vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell, using the vibration to denote the radiation sound in order to control the radiation sound by controlling the vibration.
Firstly, the theory of vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell are introduced, the method is researched and analyzed in this thesis. The method in this thesis is confirmed basic on the experiment and measured data.
Secondly, the self-power spectrum of different behaviors is calculated in this thesis with the spectrum analysis method and the resonance frequency of the model is confirmed. The vibration level and near field sound pressure under the condition of single-frequency shock excitation and the girth acceleration under the condition of flat noise shock excitation are calculated in this thesis. Through the calculating the vibration characteristics of different behaviors are analyzed and the researched behavior is confirmed.
Thirdly, basic on the method of relevancy coefficient, the MATLAB computation programs are established to calculate the relevancy degree of the vibration and sound radiation under the confirmed behavior with single-frequency shock excitation. The relevant characteristic of vibration and sound radiation of the mode is analyzed.
Fourthly, basic on the gray theories model of GM (1,1), the math's model of vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell is established. The model is used to calculate the shell relevancy vibration at the hydrophone. Then the calculation model of relevancy vibration to the sound radiation is established and the model is used to calculate the sound radiation at the hydrophone under different shock excitation frequency. The calculated and actual measurement results are contrasted in this thesis and the error between them is analyzed what is used to validate the empirical equation's correctness. And the relevant characteristic of vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell is analyzed in this thesis.
首先,研究双层圆柱壳结构振动及声辐射的理论,对其研究方法进行总结和分析,以实验及实测数据为依据,确定本文的研究方法和出发点。
其次,应用谱分析的方法,计算各工况下的自功率谱,确定模型的共振频率。计算单频激振振动级、近场声压及白噪声激振的周向加速度,分析各工况的振动特性,确定研究工况。
第三,应用关联系数的方法编制MATLAB程序,计算确定工况下单频激振时振动与辐射噪声的关联度,分析单频激振时模型各点振动与辐射噪声的关联特性。
第四,应用灰色理论非等间隔GM(1,1)模型,建立双层壳结构振动与辐射噪声的数学模型,计算外壳相应角度测点振动在水听器处的关联振动值。之后,建立关联振动对辐射噪声的数学模型,计算不同激振频率下的辐射噪声,并与实测数据进行比较,分析其误差,验证经验公式的正确性,分析振动与其辐射噪声的相关特性。
The relevant characteristic of structure vibration and sound radiation is researched on by some scholars and is paid attention to people in many fields of science and engineering. The main content of this thesis is that through the method of experimentation and theory approximately calculation, researching on the relevant characteristic of structure vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell, using the vibration to denote the radiation sound in order to control the radiation sound by controlling the vibration.
Firstly, the theory of vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell are introduced, the method is researched and analyzed in this thesis. The method in this thesis is confirmed basic on the experiment and measured data.
Secondly, the self-power spectrum of different behaviors is calculated in this thesis with the spectrum analysis method and the resonance frequency of the model is confirmed. The vibration level and near field sound pressure under the condition of single-frequency shock excitation and the girth acceleration under the condition of flat noise shock excitation are calculated in this thesis. Through the calculating the vibration characteristics of different behaviors are analyzed and the researched behavior is confirmed.
Thirdly, basic on the method of relevancy coefficient, the MATLAB computation programs are established to calculate the relevancy degree of the vibration and sound radiation under the confirmed behavior with single-frequency shock excitation. The relevant characteristic of vibration and sound radiation of the mode is analyzed.
Fourthly, basic on the gray theories model of GM (1,1), the math's model of vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell is established. The model is used to calculate the shell relevancy vibration at the hydrophone. Then the calculation model of relevancy vibration to the sound radiation is established and the model is used to calculate the sound radiation at the hydrophone under different shock excitation frequency. The calculated and actual measurement results are contrasted in this thesis and the error between them is analyzed what is used to validate the empirical equation's correctness. And the relevant characteristic of vibration and sound radiation of double cylindrical shell is analyzed in this thesis.
引文
[1]张敬东,何祚镛.传递矩阵.边界元方法预报水下旋转薄壳振动和声辐射.哈尔滨船舶工程学院学报,1989,10(4)：435-444.
[2]张敬东,何祚铺.有限元+边界元-修正的模态分解法预报水下旋转薄壳的振动和声辐射.声学学报,1990,15(1)：12-19.
[3]张敬东.声激励水下旋转壳体振动和声辐射的数值预报.中国造船,1990,3：29-35.
[4]汪洋宝,韩继文,陆鑫森.悬臂板和连续板的流固耦合振动解.中国造船,1988,22-26.
[5]刘思峰.灰色系统理论的产生与发展.南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(2)：267-272.
[6]黎胜,赵德有.加肋板结构声传输研究.船舶力学,2001,5(4)：23-26.
[7]Manning J E, Maidanik G. Radiation properties of cylindrical shells. J. Acoust. Soc.Am.1964,36(9):1691-1698.
[8]Scott J F M. The free modes of propagation of an infinite fluid-loaded thin cylindrical shell. J. Sound Vib.1988,125(2):241-280.
[9]Guo Y P. Sound scattering from cylindrical shells with internal elastic plates. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. April 1993,93(4):1936-1946.
[10]Guo Y P. Acoustic radiation from cylindrical shells due to internal forcing. J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1996,99(3):1495-1505.
[11]Stepanishen Peter R. Modal coupling in the vibration of fluid-loaded cylindrical shells. J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1982,71(4):813-823.
[12]谢官模.环肋圆柱壳在流场中的动力响应和声辐射.[博士学位论文].武汉华中科技大学图书馆,1994.
[13]罗斌.肋骨型式对环肋圆柱壳综合性能的影响.[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学图书馆,1995.
[14]毛崎波,姜哲.通过声辐射模态研究结构声辐射的有源控制.声学学报,2001,26(3)：277-281.
[15]Achenbach J D, Bjarnason J, Igusa T. Effect of vibrating sub-structure on acoustic radiation from a cylindrical shell. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper).1990,25-30.
[16]Belegundu Ashok D, Constans Eric W. Minimizing radiated sound power from vibrating shells-theory and experiment. Proceedings of the Conference on Optimization in Industry.1997,3:23-27.
[17]Lecable C,Conoir J M, Lenoir O. Acoustic radiation of cylindrical elastic shells subjected to a point source:Investigation in terms of helical acoustic rays. J.Acoust.Soc.Am.2001,110(4):1783-1791.
[18]陈进,梁健,杨扬等.科学与工程计算常用算法程序库-C语言版.上海：上海交通大学出版社,1995,35-50.
[19]吴九汇,陈花玲,胡选利.任意形状封闭薄壳内部声场计算的一种新方法研究.声学学报,2000,25(5)：468-471.
[20]何祚镛.结构振动与声辐射.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001,41-60.
[21]C. M. P. Chan. K. Anderton. Correlation between Engine Block Surface Vibration and Radiated Noise of In-Line Diesel Engines, NOISE CONTROL ENGNEERING/winter,1974,232-243.
[22]Thomas H Hodgson. Investigation of the surface acoustical intensity method for determining the noise sound power of a large machine in situ. J. Acoust. Soc.Am.1977,61(2):487-493.
[23]Norbert Kaemmer, Malcolm J Crocker. Sound power determination from surface intensity measurements on a vibrating cylinder. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.1983.73(3):856-866.
[24]姜哲,郭骅.应用功率谱测量振动表面声强.噪声与振动控制,1990,8(4)：3-8.
[25]Tallian L D, Gustafsson O G. Progress in Rolling Bearing Vibration Research and Control. ASLE Trans,1965,8(3):195-207.
[26]杨晓蔚.国外低噪声轴承技术发展.轴承,2002,(4)：31-34.
[27]Oswald B. Noise and Vibrational Behaviour of Rolling Bearing, Ball and Roller Engineering.Industrial Engineering(FAG),1989,28(2):4-11.
[28]夏新涛,颉谭成,邓四二,等.滚动轴承噪声的谐波控制原理.声学学报,2003,3(28)：255-261.
[29]付刚,夏新涛,孙立明.基于结构振动的滚动轴承声压数学模型.机械制造,2003,5(41)：17-19.
[30]邓四二,夏新涛,颉谭成,等.高品质低噪音滚动轴承.洛阳工学院学报,2000,21(1)：29-31.
[31]Tandon N, Choudhury A. A Review of Vibration and Acoustic Measurement Methods for the Detection of Defects in Rolling Element Bearings. Tribology International,1999,32(1):469-480.
[32]夏新涛,颉谭成,邓四二,等.基于谐波控制理论的滚动轴承噪声声压级函数.中国机械工程,2002,13(15)：1277-1280.
[33]Zandbergen T, Nijen G. Less Noise& Vibration by Proper Rolling Bearing Accuracy, Design and Installation.Shock and Vibration Digest.2000,32(1): 40-44.
[34]王笑鹏.铁路车流噪声的研究及预报.北方交通大学论文,1988.1：25-30.
[35]L.G. kurzwell. Propagation of noise from rail lines. J. of sound and vib. 1979.66(3):15-18.
[36]施源,汪鸿振.双层板结构中声传播主动控制的仿真分析.声学技术,2002,21(1-2)：55-58.
[37]吴文伟,吴崇健,沈顺根.双层加肋圆柱壳振动和声辐射研究.船舶力学,2002,6(1)：44-51.
[38]商德江,何祚镛.加肋双层圆柱壳振动声辐射数值计算分析.声学学 报,2001,26(3)：193-201.
[39]陈美霞,骆东平.激励力对双层圆柱壳声辐射性能的影响.船舶力学,2005,9(2)：124-130.
[40]曾革委,吴崇健.加肋圆柱壳舱段水下声辐射试验研究.中国舰船研究,2006,1(1)：13-16.
[41]CHEN M X, LUO D P, CHEN X N, et al. Analytical solution of radiation sound pressure of double cylindrical shells in fluid medium. Applied Mathematics and Me-chanics.2002,23(4):463-470.
[42]毛云,谢官模.水下部分覆盖阻尼材料圆柱壳的声辐射性能.武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(5)：21-24.
[43]钱斌,汪源源.一端周向激励的圆柱壳声辐射特性研究.声学技术,2005,24(1)：21-25.
[44]刘伯胜,雷家煌.水声学原理.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1993：220-229.
[45][美]R.J尤立克.水声原理.洪申.哈尔滨船舶工程出版社,1992：20-26.
[46]张宏军,邱伯华,石磊,等.消声瓦技术的现状与发展趋势.舰船科学技术,2001,(4)：6-14.
[47]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕等.灰色系统理论及其应用第三版.北京：科学出版社,2004：51-61,27-37.
[48]张玲华,郑宝玉.随机信号处理.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：87-88.
[2]张敬东,何祚铺.有限元+边界元-修正的模态分解法预报水下旋转薄壳的振动和声辐射.声学学报,1990,15(1)：12-19.
[3]张敬东.声激励水下旋转壳体振动和声辐射的数值预报.中国造船,1990,3：29-35.
[4]汪洋宝,韩继文,陆鑫森.悬臂板和连续板的流固耦合振动解.中国造船,1988,22-26.
[5]刘思峰.灰色系统理论的产生与发展.南京航空航天大学学报,2004,36(2)：267-272.
[6]黎胜,赵德有.加肋板结构声传输研究.船舶力学,2001,5(4)：23-26.
[7]Manning J E, Maidanik G. Radiation properties of cylindrical shells. J. Acoust. Soc.Am.1964,36(9):1691-1698.
[8]Scott J F M. The free modes of propagation of an infinite fluid-loaded thin cylindrical shell. J. Sound Vib.1988,125(2):241-280.
[9]Guo Y P. Sound scattering from cylindrical shells with internal elastic plates. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. April 1993,93(4):1936-1946.
[10]Guo Y P. Acoustic radiation from cylindrical shells due to internal forcing. J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1996,99(3):1495-1505.
[11]Stepanishen Peter R. Modal coupling in the vibration of fluid-loaded cylindrical shells. J.Acoust.Soc.Am.1982,71(4):813-823.
[12]谢官模.环肋圆柱壳在流场中的动力响应和声辐射.[博士学位论文].武汉华中科技大学图书馆,1994.
[13]罗斌.肋骨型式对环肋圆柱壳综合性能的影响.[硕士学位论文].武汉：华中科技大学图书馆,1995.
[14]毛崎波,姜哲.通过声辐射模态研究结构声辐射的有源控制.声学学报,2001,26(3)：277-281.
[15]Achenbach J D, Bjarnason J, Igusa T. Effect of vibrating sub-structure on acoustic radiation from a cylindrical shell. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Paper).1990,25-30.
[16]Belegundu Ashok D, Constans Eric W. Minimizing radiated sound power from vibrating shells-theory and experiment. Proceedings of the Conference on Optimization in Industry.1997,3:23-27.
[17]Lecable C,Conoir J M, Lenoir O. Acoustic radiation of cylindrical elastic shells subjected to a point source:Investigation in terms of helical acoustic rays. J.Acoust.Soc.Am.2001,110(4):1783-1791.
[18]陈进,梁健,杨扬等.科学与工程计算常用算法程序库-C语言版.上海：上海交通大学出版社,1995,35-50.
[19]吴九汇,陈花玲,胡选利.任意形状封闭薄壳内部声场计算的一种新方法研究.声学学报,2000,25(5)：468-471.
[20]何祚镛.结构振动与声辐射.哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2001,41-60.
[21]C. M. P. Chan. K. Anderton. Correlation between Engine Block Surface Vibration and Radiated Noise of In-Line Diesel Engines, NOISE CONTROL ENGNEERING/winter,1974,232-243.
[22]Thomas H Hodgson. Investigation of the surface acoustical intensity method for determining the noise sound power of a large machine in situ. J. Acoust. Soc.Am.1977,61(2):487-493.
[23]Norbert Kaemmer, Malcolm J Crocker. Sound power determination from surface intensity measurements on a vibrating cylinder. J. Acoust. Soc. Am.1983.73(3):856-866.
[24]姜哲,郭骅.应用功率谱测量振动表面声强.噪声与振动控制,1990,8(4)：3-8.
[25]Tallian L D, Gustafsson O G. Progress in Rolling Bearing Vibration Research and Control. ASLE Trans,1965,8(3):195-207.
[26]杨晓蔚.国外低噪声轴承技术发展.轴承,2002,(4)：31-34.
[27]Oswald B. Noise and Vibrational Behaviour of Rolling Bearing, Ball and Roller Engineering.Industrial Engineering(FAG),1989,28(2):4-11.
[28]夏新涛,颉谭成,邓四二,等.滚动轴承噪声的谐波控制原理.声学学报,2003,3(28)：255-261.
[29]付刚,夏新涛,孙立明.基于结构振动的滚动轴承声压数学模型.机械制造,2003,5(41)：17-19.
[30]邓四二,夏新涛,颉谭成,等.高品质低噪音滚动轴承.洛阳工学院学报,2000,21(1)：29-31.
[31]Tandon N, Choudhury A. A Review of Vibration and Acoustic Measurement Methods for the Detection of Defects in Rolling Element Bearings. Tribology International,1999,32(1):469-480.
[32]夏新涛,颉谭成,邓四二,等.基于谐波控制理论的滚动轴承噪声声压级函数.中国机械工程,2002,13(15)：1277-1280.
[33]Zandbergen T, Nijen G. Less Noise& Vibration by Proper Rolling Bearing Accuracy, Design and Installation.Shock and Vibration Digest.2000,32(1): 40-44.
[34]王笑鹏.铁路车流噪声的研究及预报.北方交通大学论文,1988.1：25-30.
[35]L.G. kurzwell. Propagation of noise from rail lines. J. of sound and vib. 1979.66(3):15-18.
[36]施源,汪鸿振.双层板结构中声传播主动控制的仿真分析.声学技术,2002,21(1-2)：55-58.
[37]吴文伟,吴崇健,沈顺根.双层加肋圆柱壳振动和声辐射研究.船舶力学,2002,6(1)：44-51.
[38]商德江,何祚镛.加肋双层圆柱壳振动声辐射数值计算分析.声学学 报,2001,26(3)：193-201.
[39]陈美霞,骆东平.激励力对双层圆柱壳声辐射性能的影响.船舶力学,2005,9(2)：124-130.
[40]曾革委,吴崇健.加肋圆柱壳舱段水下声辐射试验研究.中国舰船研究,2006,1(1)：13-16.
[41]CHEN M X, LUO D P, CHEN X N, et al. Analytical solution of radiation sound pressure of double cylindrical shells in fluid medium. Applied Mathematics and Me-chanics.2002,23(4):463-470.
[42]毛云,谢官模.水下部分覆盖阻尼材料圆柱壳的声辐射性能.武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(5)：21-24.
[43]钱斌,汪源源.一端周向激励的圆柱壳声辐射特性研究.声学技术,2005,24(1)：21-25.
[44]刘伯胜,雷家煌.水声学原理.哈尔滨船舶工程学院出版社,1993：220-229.
[45][美]R.J尤立克.水声原理.洪申.哈尔滨船舶工程出版社,1992：20-26.
[46]张宏军,邱伯华,石磊,等.消声瓦技术的现状与发展趋势.舰船科学技术,2001,(4)：6-14.
[47]刘思峰,党耀国,方志耕等.灰色系统理论及其应用第三版.北京：科学出版社,2004：51-61,27-37.
[48]张玲华,郑宝玉.随机信号处理.北京：清华大学出版社,2003：87-88.