SI-GaAs光电导天线产生THz电磁波的性能分析
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摘要
本论文对半绝缘GaAs光电导开关为偶极辐射天线产生高功率太赫兹电磁波的技术进行了研究,主要做了以下几个方面的工作：
其一、对空间电荷电场形成的动态过程进行了研究,分析了太赫兹辐射频谱的中心频率随光导天线电极间隙减小向高频端移动的实验现象；用载流子弛豫时间和载流子速度过冲效应解释了光导天线的THz辐射频谱的中心频率随偏置电场的增加向高频移动的实验现象。详细的分析两种屏蔽效应对THz辐射的影响。
其二,不同电极间隙大小以及不同电极宽度的半绝缘GaAs光电导天线辐射THz电磁波进行对比实验。电极宽度越宽,天线THz辐射的稳定性越好；在相同入射激光功率,全电极间隙照射的情况下,间隙大的天线THz辐射效率要大于间隙小的辐射效率,并用屏蔽效应进行了分析。
其三、,从实验上证实了用光电导天线阵列大幅度提高THz辐射功率可行性。通过对阵列天线一个单元与传统共振偶极天线在相同的偏置电场下辐射THz脉冲进行性能对比测试,除去陶瓷吸收后的测试结果得到：如果有光斑足够大,能量很高的fs激光做泵浦光,8个单元组成的叉指型电极形状的天线阵列所辐射的THz场强将是在相同偏置电场下传统共振偶极天线所辐射THz场强的10多倍。
其四、运用大孔径光电导天线理论模型数值模拟了载流子寿命、激光脉冲宽度、载流子的弛豫时间以及入射光通量对光电导天线辐射THz波的影响。
In this dissertation, how to generate high power terahertz(THz) electromagnetic wave by semi-insulating gallium arsenide(SI-GaAs) photoconductive dipole antennas is studied, and the major work is summarized as below:
First, space-charge field dynamics under pump laser pulse is studied. The main peak frequency of photoconductive antenna moves to high frequency with the decrease of the gap of antenna. Based on the relaxation time of carrier and velocity overshoot of carriers, the main peak frequency of photoconductive antenna will grow up with the increase of bias electric field. Particularly, the influence of two kinds of electric field screening on THz radiation is analyzed.
Second, a series of THz wave experiments, based on SI-GaAs photoconductive antenna with different distances of two electrodes and different electrodes' width, were carried out. The antennas with wider electrodes have more stable performances. Under the same power of laser pulse and the whole gap covered by laser, the efficiency of THz amplitude of larger gap antenna was bigger than that of narrow, and the phenomenon was analyzed by screening.
Third, doable intense terahertz radiation can be generated by photoconductive antenna array with interdigital electrodes. Compared the performance of one antenna unit of the array with that of conventional resonant dipole antenna, the THz amplitude of entire interdigital antenna array can be more than 10 times larger than that of resonant dipole antenna illuminated by an enough powerful and large laser beam under the same electrical field.
Fourth, we simulated the time domain curves of the near field and far field by the current surge model. Because the microcosmic dynamics factor such as the life and the relaxation time of carriers'momentum and the characters of the light such as pulse width and fluence were taken into account in the model, we can to study the effect on THz intensity by changing these factors.
其一、对空间电荷电场形成的动态过程进行了研究,分析了太赫兹辐射频谱的中心频率随光导天线电极间隙减小向高频端移动的实验现象；用载流子弛豫时间和载流子速度过冲效应解释了光导天线的THz辐射频谱的中心频率随偏置电场的增加向高频移动的实验现象。详细的分析两种屏蔽效应对THz辐射的影响。
其二,不同电极间隙大小以及不同电极宽度的半绝缘GaAs光电导天线辐射THz电磁波进行对比实验。电极宽度越宽,天线THz辐射的稳定性越好；在相同入射激光功率,全电极间隙照射的情况下,间隙大的天线THz辐射效率要大于间隙小的辐射效率,并用屏蔽效应进行了分析。
其三、,从实验上证实了用光电导天线阵列大幅度提高THz辐射功率可行性。通过对阵列天线一个单元与传统共振偶极天线在相同的偏置电场下辐射THz脉冲进行性能对比测试,除去陶瓷吸收后的测试结果得到：如果有光斑足够大,能量很高的fs激光做泵浦光,8个单元组成的叉指型电极形状的天线阵列所辐射的THz场强将是在相同偏置电场下传统共振偶极天线所辐射THz场强的10多倍。
其四、运用大孔径光电导天线理论模型数值模拟了载流子寿命、激光脉冲宽度、载流子的弛豫时间以及入射光通量对光电导天线辐射THz波的影响。
In this dissertation, how to generate high power terahertz(THz) electromagnetic wave by semi-insulating gallium arsenide(SI-GaAs) photoconductive dipole antennas is studied, and the major work is summarized as below:
First, space-charge field dynamics under pump laser pulse is studied. The main peak frequency of photoconductive antenna moves to high frequency with the decrease of the gap of antenna. Based on the relaxation time of carrier and velocity overshoot of carriers, the main peak frequency of photoconductive antenna will grow up with the increase of bias electric field. Particularly, the influence of two kinds of electric field screening on THz radiation is analyzed.
Second, a series of THz wave experiments, based on SI-GaAs photoconductive antenna with different distances of two electrodes and different electrodes' width, were carried out. The antennas with wider electrodes have more stable performances. Under the same power of laser pulse and the whole gap covered by laser, the efficiency of THz amplitude of larger gap antenna was bigger than that of narrow, and the phenomenon was analyzed by screening.
Third, doable intense terahertz radiation can be generated by photoconductive antenna array with interdigital electrodes. Compared the performance of one antenna unit of the array with that of conventional resonant dipole antenna, the THz amplitude of entire interdigital antenna array can be more than 10 times larger than that of resonant dipole antenna illuminated by an enough powerful and large laser beam under the same electrical field.
Fourth, we simulated the time domain curves of the near field and far field by the current surge model. Because the microcosmic dynamics factor such as the life and the relaxation time of carriers'momentum and the characters of the light such as pulse width and fluence were taken into account in the model, we can to study the effect on THz intensity by changing these factors.
引文
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【8】 S NishizaWa et al., New application of terahertz time-domain spectrometry (THz-TDS) to the phonon-polariton observation on ferroelectric crystals[J]. Phys.Mad.Biol.,2002,47:3771-3776
【9】 Hattori T, Tukamoto K, Nakatsuka H., Time-resolved study of intense terahertz pulses generated by a large-aperture photoconductive antenna [J]. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.,2001.40(8):4907
【10】 T.Hattori, K.Tukamoto, S.Ookuma et al., Intense Terahertz pulses from Large-Aperture Antenna with Interdigitated Electrodes[J]. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys,2006,45(15):L422-L424
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