钢框架抗侧力体系连接性能研究
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摘要
钢结构的应用和研究历史久远，技术上日趋成熟。但是，钢结构住宅体系的研究与应用在我国还处在起步阶段。从技术角度来讲，如何使钢结构适应住宅建筑的特点，满足住宅产业化发展的需要，还有许多问题有待于进一步研究，如钢框架抗侧力体系、梁柱连接性能、墙体、楼面体系的选用等。本文针对钢结构住宅体系中亟待解决的若干问题，完成了三榀1：2钢框架模型和八个足尺比例的梁柱连接模型在低周往复荷载作用下的试验，进行了以下几个方面的深入研究：
1 进行了顶底角钢连接、带双腹板顶底角钢连接等半刚性连接及狗骨式刚性连接这三种连接类型共八个原型试件的拟静力试验。通过试验得到了各种连接在循环荷载作用下的弯矩—转角关系、连接初始刚度、连接屈服荷载、破坏形式、破坏荷载、抗震性能和耗能特性。
2 研究表明，狗骨式刚性连接是一种旨在改善梁柱连接变形性能，避免脆性破坏发生的有效连接形式。本文对狗骨式连接节点和框架进行了试验研究和有限元分析。了解了狗骨处应力发展状况；探讨了刚性连接发生脆性破坏的原因；并强调指出梁柱连接处焊缝的焊接质量，对能否发挥狗骨式削弱的作用，达到预期的设计目的是至关重要的，必须予以重视。
3 本文提出了一种简化分析力学模型，用于角钢连接的分析。建立了两种角钢连接的弯矩—转角多折线关系曲线。将该模型用于半刚性框架分析，所得出的计算结果与试验吻合良好。同时探讨了连接形式对钢框架性能的影响。
4 进行了两榀半刚性连接和一榀狗骨式连接平面钢框架结构的拟静力试验。通过试验考察了半刚性连接和狗骨式连接平面钢框架结构在循环荷载作用下的弹塑性性能；了解了不同连接形式的结构在达到极限承载力后的破坏形态和塑性铰出现的顺序。
5 本文利用数值模拟技术完善试验研究，采用不同的单元类型对钢框架进行了非线性分析。不仅计算结果与试验结果吻合良好，还进一步揭示了试验中难以发现的现象。
最后，在总结论文工作的基础上，提出了本课题尚待解决的问题。
Many achievements have made in the research and application of structural steel since almost one hundred years ago. Structural steel has been widely used in the residential building abroad for many years, but it just begins to be adopted in the residential building domestic since recent years. Technically, steel residential building system must accord with the characteristics of residential building and the development of residential industrialization. There are still many problems remain to be solved in these aspects, such as behavior research on the lateral resistant of steel frame and connection etc. In this paper three 1:2-scale steel frame specimens and eight full-scale steel frame connection specimens are tested on their behavior under cycle loading. There are six aspects as below on the problems of steel resident building researched:
1 Pseudo-static force testing of eight full-scale connections, including top-seat angle connections, two web flange and top-seat connections and dog-bone connections are carried out for the first time in our country. The relations of M- r ,initial stiffness ,the yield strength, failure models, ultimate strength, seismic behaviors and characteristic of dissipation of energy were gained in this test.
2 The Dog-bone moment connections are considered having excellent performance for seismic resistance in steel frame and can avoid the brittle failure happening to the connections effectively. This paper describes experimental studies and finite element analysis that examined the hysteresis characteristics of dog-bone connection and steel frame. It is proved that the connection and steel frame with beam flange dog-bone reduced have superior behavior to the frame of conventional design and the brittle failure is avoided in the steel frame.and conditions of stress development in the dog-bone, and the reason of the brittle failure in the rigid connections is obtained. It is emphasized that the weld quality of the seal in beam-column connections is very important for the function of dog-bone reduced beam flange and must be paid more attention.
3 A simply analysis method, which could be used to analyze the moment -rotation behavior of angle connections, is presented in this paper. A
poly-linear moment-rotation model is calculated according to this method, which could represent the moment-rotation relation of two kinds of angle connection. This model is implemented into a finite element analysis on the experimental steel frame and the results agree well with experimental results. At the same time discuss the influence of different connections to the behavior of the steel structure.
4 Pseudo-static force testing of 1:2 scale models including three steel frame two with semi-rigid connection and one with dog-bone connection are first carried out in china in order to obtain elastic-plastic behavior of semi-rigid connections and dog-bone connections steel frames under cyclic loading as well as to analyze collapse characteristic and the coming order of plastic hinges of the structure with different connections after structural ultimate strength has lost and conditions of stress development in the dog-bone, and the reason of the brittle failure in the rigid connections is obtained.
5 With the numerical technology adopted to reinforce experimental research, different elements are considered in the nonlinear analysis on steel frame according to different mechanics characteristics. The calculation results not only agree reasonably with experimental result, but also show some important phenomena which didn't obtained during the experiment.
Some problems about this research worth to be studied afterward are put up in the end of the paper.
1 进行了顶底角钢连接、带双腹板顶底角钢连接等半刚性连接及狗骨式刚性连接这三种连接类型共八个原型试件的拟静力试验。通过试验得到了各种连接在循环荷载作用下的弯矩—转角关系、连接初始刚度、连接屈服荷载、破坏形式、破坏荷载、抗震性能和耗能特性。
2 研究表明，狗骨式刚性连接是一种旨在改善梁柱连接变形性能，避免脆性破坏发生的有效连接形式。本文对狗骨式连接节点和框架进行了试验研究和有限元分析。了解了狗骨处应力发展状况；探讨了刚性连接发生脆性破坏的原因；并强调指出梁柱连接处焊缝的焊接质量，对能否发挥狗骨式削弱的作用，达到预期的设计目的是至关重要的，必须予以重视。
3 本文提出了一种简化分析力学模型，用于角钢连接的分析。建立了两种角钢连接的弯矩—转角多折线关系曲线。将该模型用于半刚性框架分析，所得出的计算结果与试验吻合良好。同时探讨了连接形式对钢框架性能的影响。
4 进行了两榀半刚性连接和一榀狗骨式连接平面钢框架结构的拟静力试验。通过试验考察了半刚性连接和狗骨式连接平面钢框架结构在循环荷载作用下的弹塑性性能；了解了不同连接形式的结构在达到极限承载力后的破坏形态和塑性铰出现的顺序。
5 本文利用数值模拟技术完善试验研究，采用不同的单元类型对钢框架进行了非线性分析。不仅计算结果与试验结果吻合良好，还进一步揭示了试验中难以发现的现象。
最后，在总结论文工作的基础上，提出了本课题尚待解决的问题。
Many achievements have made in the research and application of structural steel since almost one hundred years ago. Structural steel has been widely used in the residential building abroad for many years, but it just begins to be adopted in the residential building domestic since recent years. Technically, steel residential building system must accord with the characteristics of residential building and the development of residential industrialization. There are still many problems remain to be solved in these aspects, such as behavior research on the lateral resistant of steel frame and connection etc. In this paper three 1:2-scale steel frame specimens and eight full-scale steel frame connection specimens are tested on their behavior under cycle loading. There are six aspects as below on the problems of steel resident building researched:
1 Pseudo-static force testing of eight full-scale connections, including top-seat angle connections, two web flange and top-seat connections and dog-bone connections are carried out for the first time in our country. The relations of M- r ,initial stiffness ,the yield strength, failure models, ultimate strength, seismic behaviors and characteristic of dissipation of energy were gained in this test.
2 The Dog-bone moment connections are considered having excellent performance for seismic resistance in steel frame and can avoid the brittle failure happening to the connections effectively. This paper describes experimental studies and finite element analysis that examined the hysteresis characteristics of dog-bone connection and steel frame. It is proved that the connection and steel frame with beam flange dog-bone reduced have superior behavior to the frame of conventional design and the brittle failure is avoided in the steel frame.and conditions of stress development in the dog-bone, and the reason of the brittle failure in the rigid connections is obtained. It is emphasized that the weld quality of the seal in beam-column connections is very important for the function of dog-bone reduced beam flange and must be paid more attention.
3 A simply analysis method, which could be used to analyze the moment -rotation behavior of angle connections, is presented in this paper. A
poly-linear moment-rotation model is calculated according to this method, which could represent the moment-rotation relation of two kinds of angle connection. This model is implemented into a finite element analysis on the experimental steel frame and the results agree well with experimental results. At the same time discuss the influence of different connections to the behavior of the steel structure.
4 Pseudo-static force testing of 1:2 scale models including three steel frame two with semi-rigid connection and one with dog-bone connection are first carried out in china in order to obtain elastic-plastic behavior of semi-rigid connections and dog-bone connections steel frames under cyclic loading as well as to analyze collapse characteristic and the coming order of plastic hinges of the structure with different connections after structural ultimate strength has lost and conditions of stress development in the dog-bone, and the reason of the brittle failure in the rigid connections is obtained.
5 With the numerical technology adopted to reinforce experimental research, different elements are considered in the nonlinear analysis on steel frame according to different mechanics characteristics. The calculation results not only agree reasonably with experimental result, but also show some important phenomena which didn't obtained during the experiment.
Some problems about this research worth to be studied afterward are put up in the end of the paper.
引文
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[2] 徐伟良，白金玉，蒋菡。轻型钢结构建筑在我国的应用与发展。建筑技术开发，2001，28(8)：5～6
[3] 舒赣平，孟宪德，王培。轻钢住宅结构体系及其应用。工业建筑，2002，31(8)：1～4
[4] 吴芸，彭少民等。狗骨式刚性连接钢框架结构抗震性能试验研究。武汉理工大学学报，2003，
[5] 吴芸。不同连接形式的钢框架在低周往复荷载作用下的试验分析。河海会议论文
[6] John L. Gross. A connection model for the seismic analysis of welded steel moment frames. Engineering Structure, 1998, Vol.20, Nos.4-6:390-397
[7] James O. Malley. SAG steel project: summary of phase 1 testing investigation results. Engineering Structure, 1998, Vol. 20, Nos. 4-6, 300-309
[8] E. Watanabe, K. Sugiura, K. Nagata and Y. Kitane. Performances and damages to steel structures during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. Engineering Structure, 1998, Vol.20, Nos.4-6, 282-290
[9] Egor P. Popov, Keh-Chyuan Tsai and Michael D. Engelhardt. On seismic steel joints and connections. Engineering Structure. 1989, Vol.11, July: 148-162
[10] 刘其祥等．多高层房屋钢结构梁柱刚性连接节点的抗震设计．建筑结构．2001，8：9-12
[11] 宋振森，顾强，郭兵．刚性钢框架梁柱连接试验研究．建筑结构学报．2001，1：53-57
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[22] JGJ82。钢结构高强度螺栓连接的设计＼施工及验收规程，北京：中国建筑工业出版社
[23] GB/T1228。钢结构用高强度大六角头螺栓，北京：中国建筑工业出版社
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[2] 徐伟良，白金玉，蒋菡。轻型钢结构建筑在我国的应用与发展。建筑技术开发，2001，28(8)：5～6
[3] 舒赣平，孟宪德，王培。轻钢住宅结构体系及其应用。工业建筑，2002，31(8)：1～4
[4] 吴芸，彭少民等。狗骨式刚性连接钢框架结构抗震性能试验研究。武汉理工大学学报，2003，
[5] 吴芸。不同连接形式的钢框架在低周往复荷载作用下的试验分析。河海会议论文
[6] John L. Gross. A connection model for the seismic analysis of welded steel moment frames. Engineering Structure, 1998, Vol.20, Nos.4-6:390-397
[7] James O. Malley. SAG steel project: summary of phase 1 testing investigation results. Engineering Structure, 1998, Vol. 20, Nos. 4-6, 300-309
[8] E. Watanabe, K. Sugiura, K. Nagata and Y. Kitane. Performances and damages to steel structures during the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake. Engineering Structure, 1998, Vol.20, Nos.4-6, 282-290
[9] Egor P. Popov, Keh-Chyuan Tsai and Michael D. Engelhardt. On seismic steel joints and connections. Engineering Structure. 1989, Vol.11, July: 148-162
[10] 刘其祥等．多高层房屋钢结构梁柱刚性连接节点的抗震设计．建筑结构．2001，8：9-12
[11] 宋振森，顾强，郭兵．刚性钢框架梁柱连接试验研究．建筑结构学报．2001，1：53-57
[12] 陈宏．高层钢结构节点抗震脆断激励及抗震性能研究．[博士学位论文]．北京：清华大学．
[13] 杨尉彪等．高层建筑钢结构梁柱节点试验研究．建筑结构．2001，8：3-8
[14] Chen W.F. Goto Y. and Liew J.Y. Stability Design of Semi-rigid Frames. Wiley-Interscience Publlication, 1996
[15] K. Kishi, A. Ahmed, N. Yabuki and W. F. Chen. Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Top-and Seat-angle with Double Web-angle Connections. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 2001(2): 201-214
[16] 李永泉，何若全．框架半刚性连接的研究概述．哈尔滨建筑工程学院学报．1994，3：112-119
[17] 郑廷银，H型钢框架梁柱节点的设计方法，南京建筑工程学院学报，Vol．43，No．4，1997 学院学报．1992，3：77-84
[18] 王燕，彭福明．多高层钢框架梁柱半刚性连接性能．建筑结构．2000，9：18-20
[19] 王燕，彭福明，赵桂明．钢框架梁柱半刚性节点在循环荷载作用下的试验研究．工业建筑．2001(12)：55-57
[20] 郭兵，顾强，柳锋，赵考重．梁柱端板连接节点的滞回性能试验研究．建筑结构学报．2002(3)：8-13
[21] GB228-87。金属拉力试验方法。1987，北京：中国计划出版社
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