褶纹冠蚌内寄生蚌螨种群生物学及趋光性研究
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摘要
本文通过对江西鄱阳湖褶纹冠蚌中主要寄生蚌螨的调查,对其在蚌中的分布位置以及与寄主的相关关系进行了研究,通过时间、空间以及时-空二维生态位宽度值和重叠值的定量估计,分析了褶纹冠蚌中四种主要寄生蚌螨的生态位。经过数据统计分析,结果显示褶纹冠蚌中主要寄生蚌螨有弯弓蚌螨U.(Wolcottatax)arcutata、Y纹蚌螨U.(Parasitatax)ypsilophora、敏捷蚌螨U.(Vidrinatax)agilex sp.nov和簇刺蚌螨U.(Anodontinatax)penicillatus,褶纹冠蚌的外鳃、内鳃、外套膜、斧足、入水孔、唇瓣均有蚌螨分布。四种蚌螨在外鳃和内鳃均分布较多,在体长220mm-280mm的褶纹冠蚌中感染强度较高,对雌雄蚌无特异性选择。弯弓蚌螨总感染率最高,为58.93%,总丰度为20.26±50.00,感染率最高在5月份;其次为簇刺蚌螨,簇刺蚌螨的总感染率为9.52%,丰度为1.58±12.88,9月份感染率最高;Y纹蚌螨和敏捷蚌螨的感染率分别为6.94%和9.33%,丰度分别为0.29±1.28和0.52±3.46。利用卡方对种间关联关系进行检验,结果表明除弯弓蚌螨与Y纹蚌螨和簇刺蚌螨均呈负关联关系(X~2=23.53,V=-0.22和X~2=4.08,V=-0.09),其它蚌螨之间均呈正关联关系。
生态位研究结果显示,弯弓蚌螨的时间生态位宽度值最大,为0.2407;其次是Y纹蚌螨,为0.2224;弯弓蚌螨与簇刺蚌螨的重叠值最大,为5.2212。除Y纹蚌螨的空间生态位宽度值最小为0.2878外,其余都集中在0.4313～0.5297之间,重叠值多数集中在1.9100～2.6494之间。弯弓蚌螨的二维生态位宽度值最大,为0.1038;弯弓蚌螨与簇刺蚌螨的重叠值较大,为11.5989,其它二维生态位重叠值较大的有弯弓蚌螨与Y纹蚌螨,为3.3751、Y纹蚌螨与簇刺蚌螨,为1.1071。根据二维生态维宽度值得出褶纹冠蚌中明显的竞争群包括弯弓蚌螨、簇刺蚌螨和Y纹蚌螨,其中弯弓蚌螨在这些竞争群中占优势种。
另外,利用自制趋光性装置研究了褶纹冠蚌中主要三种蚌螨的趋光性,结果表明弯弓蚌螨、Y纹蚌螨和敏捷蚌螨的趋光性与光强、光色以及波长均有关。在白光照射下不同光强500Lux、600Lux、700Lux、800Lux、900Lux、1000Lux时,弯弓蚌螨和敏捷蚌螨都有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),Y纹蚌螨无显著差异(P＞0.05)。但在同一光强条件下各蚌螨间除在500Lux和900Lux有显著差异外(P＜0.05),其余光照下条件下各蚌螨间均无显著性差异。随着光强的增强弯弓蚌螨由正趋光性向负趋光性转变,而且负趋光指数逐渐增强。敏捷蚌螨均为负趋光性且负趋光性指数逐渐增加,Y纹蚌螨的负趋光性指数在光强为800Lux时达最大后下降。在同一光照强度500Lux透过七种不同光色滤色片照射时,各蚌螨均表现出显著性差异(P＜0.05)。各蚌螨间在黄光条件下无显著性差异(P＞0.05),其余除在绿光下有显著差异(P＜0.05)外都是极显著性差异(P＜0.01)。弯弓蚌螨仅在绿色光照下表现为正趋光性,其余均为负趋光性,红、橙、黄、靛光下负趋光指数均较高;敏捷蚌螨均表现为负趋光性,而且靛光下负趋光性指数较高;Y纹蚌螨只在红光下表现为正趋光性,其余均为负趋光性,而且红光条件下,趋光性指数最高。
This paper described their distribution location and correlation with their host in their parasitic mussels based on Jiangxi Province Poyang Lake the survey of the major parasitic mites' parasitic condition in Cristaria plicata mussels,and analyzed the niche of four major mites in Cristaria plicata mussels from the quantitative estimates of the value of temporal,spatial and temporal-spatial niche breadth and overlap.One year's experimental dates showed that major parasitic mites in Cristaria plicata are U.(Wolcottatax) arcutata,U.(Parasitatax) ypsilophora,U.(Vidrinatax) agilex sp.nov and U.(Anodontinatax)penicillatus.There were mites distribution in outer gills,inner gills,mantles,podium,inhalant siphona and lip of C.plicata mussels.Mites in outer gills and inner gills were distributed more and on the length of 160～220mm C.plicata were high intensity of infection.There were no specific choice of male and female mussels.U.arcutata total infection rate were the highest (58.93%),the abundance were 20.26±50.00,the highest months of infection rate was May;followed by U.penicillatus,its total infection rate was 9.52 percent and the abundance was 1.58±12.88.The highest month of infection rate was September;The infection rates of U.ypsilophora and U.agilex sp.nov were 6.94 percent and 9.33 percent,their abundance was 0.29±1.28 and 0.52±3.46.Chi-square test for inter-specific relationship indicated that they were all positive correlation but between U.arcuata and U.ypsilophora,and between U.arcuata and U.penicillatus(X~2= 23.53,V=-0.22 and X~2=4.08,V=-0.09).
The results indicated that the temporal niche breadth value of U.arcutata(0.24) was the maximum,that of U.ypsilophora(0.22) was the second,and the temporal niche overlap values of U.arcutata and U.penicillatus(5.22) were maximum.The value of spatial niche breadth only U.ypsilophora(0.29) was the minimum,but the other concentrated on 0.43～0.53,and the spatiall niche overlap values most concentrated on 1.91～2.65.The temporal-spatial niche breadth value of U.arcutata (0.10) was the maximum,and the temporal-spatial niche overlap values of U. arcutata and U.penicillatus(11.60),U.arcutata and U.ypsilophora(3.38),U. ypsilophora and U.penicillatus(1.11) were large.According to the value of temporal-saptial niche breadth obvious competition were U.arcutata,U.penicillatus and U.ypsilophora,in which U.arcutata was the most obvious.
In addition,the phototactic behavior of three major unionicolid mites in Cristaria plicata were studied by the use of home-made phototaxis device.The results showed that the phototaxis of U.arcutata,U.ypsilophora and U.agilex sp.nov was correlated with light intensity,light color,as well as the relevant wavelengths. With the exposure of white light under different light intensity 500Lux,600Lux, 700Lux,800Lux,900Lux,1000Lux,U.arcutata and U.agilex sp.nov were extremely significant difference(P＜0.01),U.ypsilophora has no significant difference(P＞0.05).However,at the same light intensity,in addition to the condition of 500Lux and 900Lux significant differences(P＜0.05),under the rest of light intensity between the mite there were no significant difference.With the enhancement of light intensity the phototropism of U.arcutata were becoming increasingly negative light from positive phototropism,U.agilex sp.nov were all negative phototaxis and negative phototaxis index increased gradually,negative phototaxis index of U.ypsilophora in the light intensity 800Lux increased the largest and then declined.At the exposure of the same light intensity 500Lux through seven different color filter light,the unionicolid mites all showed significant difference(P＜0.05).Under the conditions of yellow light between the mites there were no significant difference(P＞0.05),but the other most significant difference(P＜0.01) in addition to the green light significant difference (P＜0.05).U.arcutata only in the performance of the green light was positive phototropism,the rest were negative light,under the light of red,orange,yellow, indigo negative phototaxis index higher;U.agilex sp.nov all showed a negative trend of light,and negative phototaxis index higher under indigo light;U.ypsilophora only under red light was positive phototaxis,the rest were negative light,and it had the highest phototaxis index under red light.
生态位研究结果显示,弯弓蚌螨的时间生态位宽度值最大,为0.2407;其次是Y纹蚌螨,为0.2224;弯弓蚌螨与簇刺蚌螨的重叠值最大,为5.2212。除Y纹蚌螨的空间生态位宽度值最小为0.2878外,其余都集中在0.4313～0.5297之间,重叠值多数集中在1.9100～2.6494之间。弯弓蚌螨的二维生态位宽度值最大,为0.1038;弯弓蚌螨与簇刺蚌螨的重叠值较大,为11.5989,其它二维生态位重叠值较大的有弯弓蚌螨与Y纹蚌螨,为3.3751、Y纹蚌螨与簇刺蚌螨,为1.1071。根据二维生态维宽度值得出褶纹冠蚌中明显的竞争群包括弯弓蚌螨、簇刺蚌螨和Y纹蚌螨,其中弯弓蚌螨在这些竞争群中占优势种。
另外,利用自制趋光性装置研究了褶纹冠蚌中主要三种蚌螨的趋光性,结果表明弯弓蚌螨、Y纹蚌螨和敏捷蚌螨的趋光性与光强、光色以及波长均有关。在白光照射下不同光强500Lux、600Lux、700Lux、800Lux、900Lux、1000Lux时,弯弓蚌螨和敏捷蚌螨都有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),Y纹蚌螨无显著差异(P＞0.05)。但在同一光强条件下各蚌螨间除在500Lux和900Lux有显著差异外(P＜0.05),其余光照下条件下各蚌螨间均无显著性差异。随着光强的增强弯弓蚌螨由正趋光性向负趋光性转变,而且负趋光指数逐渐增强。敏捷蚌螨均为负趋光性且负趋光性指数逐渐增加,Y纹蚌螨的负趋光性指数在光强为800Lux时达最大后下降。在同一光照强度500Lux透过七种不同光色滤色片照射时,各蚌螨均表现出显著性差异(P＜0.05)。各蚌螨间在黄光条件下无显著性差异(P＞0.05),其余除在绿光下有显著差异(P＜0.05)外都是极显著性差异(P＜0.01)。弯弓蚌螨仅在绿色光照下表现为正趋光性,其余均为负趋光性,红、橙、黄、靛光下负趋光指数均较高;敏捷蚌螨均表现为负趋光性,而且靛光下负趋光性指数较高;Y纹蚌螨只在红光下表现为正趋光性,其余均为负趋光性,而且红光条件下,趋光性指数最高。
This paper described their distribution location and correlation with their host in their parasitic mussels based on Jiangxi Province Poyang Lake the survey of the major parasitic mites' parasitic condition in Cristaria plicata mussels,and analyzed the niche of four major mites in Cristaria plicata mussels from the quantitative estimates of the value of temporal,spatial and temporal-spatial niche breadth and overlap.One year's experimental dates showed that major parasitic mites in Cristaria plicata are U.(Wolcottatax) arcutata,U.(Parasitatax) ypsilophora,U.(Vidrinatax) agilex sp.nov and U.(Anodontinatax)penicillatus.There were mites distribution in outer gills,inner gills,mantles,podium,inhalant siphona and lip of C.plicata mussels.Mites in outer gills and inner gills were distributed more and on the length of 160～220mm C.plicata were high intensity of infection.There were no specific choice of male and female mussels.U.arcutata total infection rate were the highest (58.93%),the abundance were 20.26±50.00,the highest months of infection rate was May;followed by U.penicillatus,its total infection rate was 9.52 percent and the abundance was 1.58±12.88.The highest month of infection rate was September;The infection rates of U.ypsilophora and U.agilex sp.nov were 6.94 percent and 9.33 percent,their abundance was 0.29±1.28 and 0.52±3.46.Chi-square test for inter-specific relationship indicated that they were all positive correlation but between U.arcuata and U.ypsilophora,and between U.arcuata and U.penicillatus(X~2= 23.53,V=-0.22 and X~2=4.08,V=-0.09).
The results indicated that the temporal niche breadth value of U.arcutata(0.24) was the maximum,that of U.ypsilophora(0.22) was the second,and the temporal niche overlap values of U.arcutata and U.penicillatus(5.22) were maximum.The value of spatial niche breadth only U.ypsilophora(0.29) was the minimum,but the other concentrated on 0.43～0.53,and the spatiall niche overlap values most concentrated on 1.91～2.65.The temporal-spatial niche breadth value of U.arcutata (0.10) was the maximum,and the temporal-spatial niche overlap values of U. arcutata and U.penicillatus(11.60),U.arcutata and U.ypsilophora(3.38),U. ypsilophora and U.penicillatus(1.11) were large.According to the value of temporal-saptial niche breadth obvious competition were U.arcutata,U.penicillatus and U.ypsilophora,in which U.arcutata was the most obvious.
In addition,the phototactic behavior of three major unionicolid mites in Cristaria plicata were studied by the use of home-made phototaxis device.The results showed that the phototaxis of U.arcutata,U.ypsilophora and U.agilex sp.nov was correlated with light intensity,light color,as well as the relevant wavelengths. With the exposure of white light under different light intensity 500Lux,600Lux, 700Lux,800Lux,900Lux,1000Lux,U.arcutata and U.agilex sp.nov were extremely significant difference(P＜0.01),U.ypsilophora has no significant difference(P＞0.05).However,at the same light intensity,in addition to the condition of 500Lux and 900Lux significant differences(P＜0.05),under the rest of light intensity between the mite there were no significant difference.With the enhancement of light intensity the phototropism of U.arcutata were becoming increasingly negative light from positive phototropism,U.agilex sp.nov were all negative phototaxis and negative phototaxis index increased gradually,negative phototaxis index of U.ypsilophora in the light intensity 800Lux increased the largest and then declined.At the exposure of the same light intensity 500Lux through seven different color filter light,the unionicolid mites all showed significant difference(P＜0.05).Under the conditions of yellow light between the mites there were no significant difference(P＞0.05),but the other most significant difference(P＜0.01) in addition to the green light significant difference (P＜0.05).U.arcutata only in the performance of the green light was positive phototropism,the rest were negative light,under the light of red,orange,yellow, indigo negative phototaxis index higher;U.agilex sp.nov all showed a negative trend of light,and negative phototaxis index higher under indigo light;U.ypsilophora only under red light was positive phototaxis,the rest were negative light,and it had the highest phototaxis index under red light.
引文
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