深水网箱中水声鱼群远程监测系统的研究
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摘要
随着近海养鱼业的发展,传统网箱养鱼自身存在的缺点也暴露得越来越明显,如产量少、种质差、环境污染严重等。要大力发展可持续的海洋渔业生产,发展抗风浪深水网箱养殖是必由之路。目前,深水网箱养殖正在我国沿海诸省迅速推广应用。在深水网箱养殖中,由于水深和浑浊的海水,肉眼一般观测不到网箱中鱼群的活动及网衣的状态,无法实时发现鱼群是否处于安全状态。所以迫切需要研制深水网箱中的鱼群监测系统,当发现鱼群逃逸时,系统能及时发出报警信号。同时,由于深水网箱往远、深海方向发展以及它在海洋中的推广应用越来越普及,网箱数量增加迅猛的趋势,对它所配套的网箱中水声监测设备的要求已往集成化、智能化和信息化的方向发展。
本文在总结深水网箱鱼群监测方法和分析深水网箱鱼群监测难点的基础上进行了深水网箱鱼群远距离监测系统的研究工作。论文介绍了国内外深水网箱监测设备的发展现状,分析了当前国内外深水网箱鱼群监测方法,探讨了在噪声和混响中提取鱼群回波的方法,提出了基于无线模块的深水网箱鱼群远程监测方案,并完成系统的硬软件设计和样机的初步研制。设计的样机可划分为岸站上的控制及显示主机和海上的现场扫描探测系统两部分,海上现场扫描探测系统包括信号的发射、信号接收预处理和数据采集、存储等。海上现场扫描探测系统和岸站上的主机之间通过无线模块进行数据通信:海上现场系统接收并响应主机发送来的命令,岸站上的主机则对海上现场系统进行控制,并集中处理和显示海上扫描探测系统发送来的数据。
整套样机系统进行了水池,厦门海域及泉州围头海域的海上现场初步实验。实验结果表明系统的探测盲区约为0.8~1m,系统工作稳定可靠,参数灵活可调,操作简单方便。岸上的控制主机在距离网箱500m以内能实时、可靠地接收到海上监测到的数据并进行显示。
本文创新之处在于应用无线数据传输技术实现了海上扫描探测现场系统与控制显示主机之间的有效通信,基于VB软件设计了简洁实用的岸上主机控制界面,从而免去了在海上布置电缆等的麻烦,使整个系统在构成上能分工明确,易于配置和维护,适合于海上工作的环境。
With the development of coastal water fish culture, the shortcoming that traditional fish culture in net cage there exists in itself also reveals more and more obvious ,like the little output, kind of bad quality, environmental pollution, etc. To keep developing in sea aquaculture, it is necessary to develop fish culturing in net cages of deep water. Nowadays, this technology is being popularized in coastland of the whole country. But it is difficult for fisher folks to check that weather the fish is still in the cage or not by their eyes, because of the feculent water and its depth. So it is urgency for us to research and develop fish monitoring device in deep-sea cage, which could ring the alarm in time once fish escape. As the deep-sea cages move to the zone far away from the seashore and cover more and more areas on sea, a higher requirement for fish monitor is proposed at the same time. It is that fish monitors must be more intellectualized and integrated. The paper focuses on studying remote monitoring fish in deep-sea cage far from the shore base on summarizing the methods of fish monitoring and analyzing its difficulties. The paper introduced current status of deep-sea fish monitoring home and abroad,
analyzed methods of fish monitoring, discussed the way to extract fish echo from noise and reverberation, and proposed a system to monitor fish in deep water far way base on wireless module. Finally, an industrialized system is designed preliminarily. The system can be divided into two parts. One is local device on sea, the other is central computer in the monitoring station. The local device is made up of signal emission circuit, echo-receiving circuit, and data acquisition ,storage circuit. Communication between local device and central computer is realized in wireless module. The local device executes orders that were sent from central computer. And the data sent from local device was processed and displayed in the form of picture on central computer.
The experiments in a water pool and net cages in sea area of Xiamen and Quanzhou-Weitou are performed. The experimental results show that the blind area is about 0.8 to 1 meters, the instrument is reliable, simply operated, and parameters can be changed freely. Data processing and display in real time goes well on the central computer which is in the station within 500 meters from net-cages
The innovation of the paper is that communication between local devices on sea and central computer is realized in wireless module and a convenient operation platform based on VB is developed on central computer. So it avoids the bothering of arranging cable in the sea, and makes entire system divide the work clearly. Further more the system which is easy to be configured and maintained, adapts to the working circumstance on sea.
本文在总结深水网箱鱼群监测方法和分析深水网箱鱼群监测难点的基础上进行了深水网箱鱼群远距离监测系统的研究工作。论文介绍了国内外深水网箱监测设备的发展现状,分析了当前国内外深水网箱鱼群监测方法,探讨了在噪声和混响中提取鱼群回波的方法,提出了基于无线模块的深水网箱鱼群远程监测方案,并完成系统的硬软件设计和样机的初步研制。设计的样机可划分为岸站上的控制及显示主机和海上的现场扫描探测系统两部分,海上现场扫描探测系统包括信号的发射、信号接收预处理和数据采集、存储等。海上现场扫描探测系统和岸站上的主机之间通过无线模块进行数据通信:海上现场系统接收并响应主机发送来的命令,岸站上的主机则对海上现场系统进行控制,并集中处理和显示海上扫描探测系统发送来的数据。
整套样机系统进行了水池,厦门海域及泉州围头海域的海上现场初步实验。实验结果表明系统的探测盲区约为0.8~1m,系统工作稳定可靠,参数灵活可调,操作简单方便。岸上的控制主机在距离网箱500m以内能实时、可靠地接收到海上监测到的数据并进行显示。
本文创新之处在于应用无线数据传输技术实现了海上扫描探测现场系统与控制显示主机之间的有效通信,基于VB软件设计了简洁实用的岸上主机控制界面,从而免去了在海上布置电缆等的麻烦,使整个系统在构成上能分工明确,易于配置和维护,适合于海上工作的环境。
With the development of coastal water fish culture, the shortcoming that traditional fish culture in net cage there exists in itself also reveals more and more obvious ,like the little output, kind of bad quality, environmental pollution, etc. To keep developing in sea aquaculture, it is necessary to develop fish culturing in net cages of deep water. Nowadays, this technology is being popularized in coastland of the whole country. But it is difficult for fisher folks to check that weather the fish is still in the cage or not by their eyes, because of the feculent water and its depth. So it is urgency for us to research and develop fish monitoring device in deep-sea cage, which could ring the alarm in time once fish escape. As the deep-sea cages move to the zone far away from the seashore and cover more and more areas on sea, a higher requirement for fish monitor is proposed at the same time. It is that fish monitors must be more intellectualized and integrated. The paper focuses on studying remote monitoring fish in deep-sea cage far from the shore base on summarizing the methods of fish monitoring and analyzing its difficulties. The paper introduced current status of deep-sea fish monitoring home and abroad,
analyzed methods of fish monitoring, discussed the way to extract fish echo from noise and reverberation, and proposed a system to monitor fish in deep water far way base on wireless module. Finally, an industrialized system is designed preliminarily. The system can be divided into two parts. One is local device on sea, the other is central computer in the monitoring station. The local device is made up of signal emission circuit, echo-receiving circuit, and data acquisition ,storage circuit. Communication between local device and central computer is realized in wireless module. The local device executes orders that were sent from central computer. And the data sent from local device was processed and displayed in the form of picture on central computer.
The experiments in a water pool and net cages in sea area of Xiamen and Quanzhou-Weitou are performed. The experimental results show that the blind area is about 0.8 to 1 meters, the instrument is reliable, simply operated, and parameters can be changed freely. Data processing and display in real time goes well on the central computer which is in the station within 500 meters from net-cages
The innovation of the paper is that communication between local devices on sea and central computer is realized in wireless module and a convenient operation platform based on VB is developed on central computer. So it avoids the bothering of arranging cable in the sea, and makes entire system divide the work clearly. Further more the system which is easy to be configured and maintained, adapts to the working circumstance on sea.
引文
[1] 李立卫 深水网箱养殖中存在的问题 齐鲁渔业[J] 2005, (11):8
[2] 王润田.龚剑彬 深水网箱养殖中的声学监测问题[J]. http://www.sal2000.com/ds/ds3/Acoustics/acoustics%20of%20cage.pdf
[3] A.P.M. Michel, K.L. Croff, K.W. McLetchie. A Remote Monitoring System for Open Ocean Aquaculture [J]
[4] Donhyug Kang and Doojin Hwang,Ex situ target strength of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and red sea bream (Pagrus major) in the Northwest Pacific[J],ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60: 538–543. 2003
[5] F.R. Knudsen, J.E. Fosseidengen, F. Oppedal, ?. Karlsen, E.Ona Hydroacoustic monitoring of fish in sea cages: target strength (TS)measurements on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)[J] Fisheries Research 69: 205–209. 2004
[6] Ste′phane Gauthier, George A. Rose. Target Strength of encaged Atlantic redfish [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,58: 562–568. 2001
[7] 刘伯胜 雷家煜:水声学原理[M],哈尔滨,哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1989
[8] 汪德昭,尚尔昌等. 水声学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1981
[9] 顾嗣明. 探鱼仪的应用和维修[M]. 北京:农业出版社,1987
[10] [日] 加藤增夫著,张占基译. 探鱼仪的有效使用方法[M]. 北京,农业出版社,1979
[11] 许肖梅. 声学基础[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2003.
[12] 惠伦 AD. 噪声中信号的检测[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1977.
[13] 张明友、吕明编著 信号检测与估计[M] 北京:电子工业出版,2005
[14] 王玉泉主编 水声设备[M],北京:国防工业出版社 1985
[15] 张小康 许肖梅 深水网箱中鱼群量统计方法研究 中国声学学会2006年全国声学学术会议论文集,2006
[16] 杨振明 概率论[M],北京:科学出版社,2001
[17] 梁振军, 梁波 计算机网络教程[M],北京: 海洋出版社, 1991
[18] 杨倬; 张效民; 杨俊飞; 基于LMF100的有源带通滤波器的设计[J] 微处理机 2006,01:77-78
[19] (日)柳泽健,(日)金光磐著 有源滤波器的设计[M]. 北京-人民邮电出版社 1978
[20] [英] A.D.Waite著,王德石等译. 实用声纳工程[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[21] 徐芳华. 深水网箱中水声鱼群监测系统研究[M]. 厦门:厦门大学海洋系硕士毕业论文,2004.
[22] 王秉钧. 通信系统[M]. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[23] 罗庆生 基于点对多点无线通信技术的nRF401芯片的应用研究[J] 机械与电子 2003年 04期
[24] 谢希仁. 计算机网络[M] . 北京:电子工业出版社,2003. 20- 25 ,68 - 69.
[25] 吕洪生,杨新德 实用卫星通信工程 成都[M] 电子科技大学出版社,1994
[26] 韩炬 适用于单片机的循环冗余校验码的快速算法[J]. 微计算机信息 2000,16:5
[27] 王天宇 C51 实现单片机CRC快速算法[J] 微计算机信息 2003,3
[28] 王建校 杨建国 宁改娣等 51 系列单片机及 C51 程序设计[M]. 科学出版社,2002
[29] 求是科技 单片机通信技术与工程实践[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社 2005
[30] 罗朝盛 余文芳 余平 Visual Basic 6.0 程序设计教程[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2002年9月
[31]周子琛 申振宁 用 VB 实现计算机与单片机的串行通信 半导体技术[J]. 2002,1:42-44
[32]李廷文 Visual Basic 6.0 控件高级编程[M] 人民邮电出版社 2002
[33] 高春艳 李艳 谷伟东 Visual Basic数据库开发关键技术与实例应用[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2004年5月
[34] 董传银 Visual Basic 6 数据库编程技术 北京:北京希望电子出版社[M]. 2002
[2] 王润田.龚剑彬 深水网箱养殖中的声学监测问题[J]. http://www.sal2000.com/ds/ds3/Acoustics/acoustics%20of%20cage.pdf
[3] A.P.M. Michel, K.L. Croff, K.W. McLetchie. A Remote Monitoring System for Open Ocean Aquaculture [J]
[4] Donhyug Kang and Doojin Hwang,Ex situ target strength of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) and red sea bream (Pagrus major) in the Northwest Pacific[J],ICES Journal of Marine Science, 60: 538–543. 2003
[5] F.R. Knudsen, J.E. Fosseidengen, F. Oppedal, ?. Karlsen, E.Ona Hydroacoustic monitoring of fish in sea cages: target strength (TS)measurements on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)[J] Fisheries Research 69: 205–209. 2004
[6] Ste′phane Gauthier, George A. Rose. Target Strength of encaged Atlantic redfish [J]. ICES Journal of Marine Science,58: 562–568. 2001
[7] 刘伯胜 雷家煜:水声学原理[M],哈尔滨,哈尔滨工程大学出版社,1989
[8] 汪德昭,尚尔昌等. 水声学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1981
[9] 顾嗣明. 探鱼仪的应用和维修[M]. 北京:农业出版社,1987
[10] [日] 加藤增夫著,张占基译. 探鱼仪的有效使用方法[M]. 北京,农业出版社,1979
[11] 许肖梅. 声学基础[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2003.
[12] 惠伦 AD. 噪声中信号的检测[M]. 北京:科学出版社,1977.
[13] 张明友、吕明编著 信号检测与估计[M] 北京:电子工业出版,2005
[14] 王玉泉主编 水声设备[M],北京:国防工业出版社 1985
[15] 张小康 许肖梅 深水网箱中鱼群量统计方法研究 中国声学学会2006年全国声学学术会议论文集,2006
[16] 杨振明 概率论[M],北京:科学出版社,2001
[17] 梁振军, 梁波 计算机网络教程[M],北京: 海洋出版社, 1991
[18] 杨倬; 张效民; 杨俊飞; 基于LMF100的有源带通滤波器的设计[J] 微处理机 2006,01:77-78
[19] (日)柳泽健,(日)金光磐著 有源滤波器的设计[M]. 北京-人民邮电出版社 1978
[20] [英] A.D.Waite著,王德石等译. 实用声纳工程[M]. 北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[21] 徐芳华. 深水网箱中水声鱼群监测系统研究[M]. 厦门:厦门大学海洋系硕士毕业论文,2004.
[22] 王秉钧. 通信系统[M]. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1999.
[23] 罗庆生 基于点对多点无线通信技术的nRF401芯片的应用研究[J] 机械与电子 2003年 04期
[24] 谢希仁. 计算机网络[M] . 北京:电子工业出版社,2003. 20- 25 ,68 - 69.
[25] 吕洪生,杨新德 实用卫星通信工程 成都[M] 电子科技大学出版社,1994
[26] 韩炬 适用于单片机的循环冗余校验码的快速算法[J]. 微计算机信息 2000,16:5
[27] 王天宇 C51 实现单片机CRC快速算法[J] 微计算机信息 2003,3
[28] 王建校 杨建国 宁改娣等 51 系列单片机及 C51 程序设计[M]. 科学出版社,2002
[29] 求是科技 单片机通信技术与工程实践[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社 2005
[30] 罗朝盛 余文芳 余平 Visual Basic 6.0 程序设计教程[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2002年9月
[31]周子琛 申振宁 用 VB 实现计算机与单片机的串行通信 半导体技术[J]. 2002,1:42-44
[32]李廷文 Visual Basic 6.0 控件高级编程[M] 人民邮电出版社 2002
[33] 高春艳 李艳 谷伟东 Visual Basic数据库开发关键技术与实例应用[M]. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2004年5月
[34] 董传银 Visual Basic 6 数据库编程技术 北京:北京希望电子出版社[M]. 2002